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Asorey I, Corletto F. Anaesthetic management of a horse with atrial fibrillation undergoing transvenous electrical cardioversion in combination with amiodarone. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Federico Corletto
- Dick White Referrals Six Mile Bottom UK
- Newmarket Equine Hospital Newmarket UK
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Auckburally A, Grubb TL, Wiklund M, Nyman G. Effects of ventilation mode and blood flow on arterial oxygenation during pulse-delivered inhaled nitric oxide in anesthetized horses. Am J Vet Res 2019; 80:275-283. [PMID: 30801218 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.80.3.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of mechanical ventilation (MV) and perfusion conditions on the efficacy of pulse-delivered inhaled nitric oxide (PiNO) in anesthetized horses. ANIMALS 27 healthy adult horses. PROCEDURES Anesthetized horses were allocated into 4 groups: spontaneous breathing (SB) with low (< 70 mm Hg) mean arterial blood pressure (MAP; group SB-L; n = 7), SB with physiologically normal (≥ 70 mm Hg) MAP (group SB-N; 8), MV with low MAP (group MV-L; 6), and MV with physiologically normal MAP (group MV-N; 6). Dobutamine was used to maintain MAP > 70 mm Hg. Data were collected after a 60-minute equilibration period and at 15 and 30 minutes during PiNO administration. Variables included Pao2, arterial oxygen saturation and content, oxygen delivery, and physiologic dead space-to-tidal volume ratio. Data were analyzed with Shapiro-Wilk, Mann-Whitney U, and Friedman ANOVA tests. RESULTS Pao2, arterial oxygen saturation, arterial oxygen content, and oxygen delivery increased significantly with PiNO in the SB-L, SB-N, and MV-N groups; were significantly lower in group MV-L than in group MV-N; and were lower in MV-N than in both SB groups during PiNO. Physiologic dead space-to-tidal volume ratio was highest in the MV-L group. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Pulmonary perfusion impacted PiNO efficacy during MV but not during SB. Use of PiNO failed to increase oxygenation in the MV-L group, likely because of profound ventilation-perfusion mismatching. During SB, PiNO improved oxygenation irrespective of the magnitude of blood flow, but hypoventilation and hypercarbia persisted. Use of PiNO was most effective in horses with adequate perfusion.
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Pakkanen SA, Raekallio MR, Mykkänen AK, Salla KM, de Vries A, Vuorilehto L, Scheinin M, Vainio OM. Detomidine and the combination of detomidine and MK-467, a peripheral alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist, as premedication in horses anaesthetized with isoflurane. Vet Anaesth Analg 2014; 42:527-36. [PMID: 25529045 DOI: 10.1111/vaa.12238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate MK-467 as part of premedication in horses anaesthetized with isoflurane. STUDY DESIGN Experimental, crossover study with a 14 day wash-out period. ANIMALS Seven healthy horses. METHODS The horses received either detomidine (20 μg kg(-1) IV) and butorphanol (20 μg kg(-1) IV) alone (DET) or with MK-467 (200 μg kg(-1) IV; DET + MK) as premedication. Anaesthesia was induced with ketamine (2.2 mg kg(-1) ) and midazolam (0.06 mg kg(-1) ) IV and maintained with isoflurane. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), end-tidal isoflurane concentration, end-tidal carbon dioxide tension, central venous pressure, fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2 ) and cardiac output were recorded. Blood samples were taken for blood gas analysis and to determine plasma drug concentrations. The cardiac index (CI), systemic vascular resistance (SVR), ratio of arterial oxygen tension to inspired oxygen (Pa O2 /FiO2 ) and tissue oxygen delivery (DO2 ) were calculated. Repeated measures anova was applied for HR, CI, MAP, SVR, lactate and blood gas variables. The Student's t-test was used for pairwise comparisons of drug concentrations, induction times and the amount of dobutamine administered. Significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS The induction time was shorter, reduction in MAP was detected, more dobutamine was given and HR and CI were higher after DET+MK, while SVR was higher with DET. Arterial oxygen tension and Pa O2 /FiO2 (40 minutes after induction), DO2 and venous partial pressure of oxygen (40 and 60 minutes after induction) were higher with DET+MK. Plasma detomidine concentrations were reduced in the group receiving MK-467. After DET+MK, the area under the plasma concentration time curve of butorphanol was smaller. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE MK-467 enhances cardiac function and tissue oxygen delivery in horses sedated with detomidine before isoflurane anaesthesia. This finding could improve patient safety in the perioperative period. The dosage of MK-467 needs to be investigated to minimise the effect of MK-467 on MAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soile Ae Pakkanen
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marja R Raekallio
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna K Mykkänen
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kati M Salla
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Lauri Vuorilehto
- Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mika Scheinin
- Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Outi M Vainio
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Villalba M, Santiago I, Gómez de Segura IA. Effects of a constant rate infusion of medetomidine-propofol on isoflurane minimum alveolar concentrations in horses. Vet J 2014; 202:329-33. [PMID: 25239299 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this investigation was to determine the isoflurane-sparing effect and impact on arterial blood pressure and anaesthetic recovery of a constant rate infusion of medetomidine-propofol in horses. In a prospective, crossover, randomised study, six healthy horses (mean ± SD age, 13.7 ± 7.7 years; weight, 433 ± 51 kg) were anaesthetised twice with isoflurane and were randomly assigned to receive one of two treatments on each occasion, at least 2 weeks apart. The first treatment was saline (CTL group) and the second a medetomidine-propofol infusion (MP group; 1.25 µg/kg/h medetomidine and 3 mg/kg/h propofol). The isoflurane minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) was determined and the reduction in anaesthetic requirements was calculated. Cardiopulmonary data were recorded at different intervals during the procedure and anaesthetic recovery was blindly assessed using three independent scales. The MAC in the MP group (0.43 ± 0.08%) was 65% lower than in the CTL group (1.23 ± 0.10%). The MP group had a higher mean arterial blood pressure and required less dobutamine than the CTL group. The recovery quality in both groups was considered fair or good and an improvement was observed using the Donaldson scale in the MP group. The administration of a medetomidine-propofol constant rate infusion reduced anaesthetic isoflurane requirements to a clinically significant extent and improved stability of arterial blood pressure together with a good quality recovery. This regime could be useful for providing balanced anaesthesia in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Villalba
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Complutense, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Santiago
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Complutense, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio A Gómez de Segura
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Complutense, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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Vitale V, Sgorbini M, Briganti A, Corazza M, Breghi G, Staffieri F. Evaluation of Echocardiographic Parameters During Increasing Infusion Rates of Dobutamine in Isoflurane-Anesthetized Horses. J Equine Vet Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2013.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Fantoni DT, Marchioni GG, Ida KK, Belo JNB, Zoppa ALV, Silva LCLC, Ambrósio AM. Effect of ephedrine and phenylephrine on cardiopulmonary parameters in horses undergoing elective surgery. Vet Anaesth Analg 2013; 40:367-74. [DOI: 10.1111/vaa.12029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Durando MM, Slack J, Reef VB, Birks EK. Right ventricular pressure dynamics and stress echocardiography in pharmacological and exercise stress testing. Equine Vet J 2010:183-92. [PMID: 17402416 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2006.tb05537.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY There is interest in using pharmacological stress testing (PST) as a substitute for exercise stress testing (EST) to evaluate cardiac function in horses. OBJECTIVES To compare the effect of PST and EST on right ventricular pressure dynamics and stress echocardiography. METHODS Five horses completed a PST and EST in a randomised crossover design. High fidelity pressure transducers were placed in the right ventricle. Continuous pressure signals were digitally collected and stored, and dP/dtmax, dP/dtmin and tau calculated from these measurements. ECGs were recorded continuously for 20 h. Echocardiography was performed prior to EST and PST, during and after PST, and immediately post EST. Plasma cardiac troponin I concentrations were measured pre- and 3-4 h post stress testing. For PST, 5 microg/kg bwt glycopyrrolate i.v. followed after 10 min by 5 microg/kg bwt/min dobutamine infusion over 10 min was given. EST consisted of a 2 min gallop at 110% speed required to elicit VO2max. RESULTS Both EST and PST resulted in a significant increase in right-ventricular dP/dtmax and dP/dtmin over baseline (P<0.05) and a significant decrease in tau compared with baseline (P<0.05). EST dP/dtmax and dP/dtmin were significantly greater than PST dP/dtmax and dP/dtmin (P<0.05) and EST tau was significantly less than PST tau (P<0.05). Two minutes post EST and 5 min post PST dP/dtmax were not significantly different, but were significantly less than end-EST and during PST. Tau was also not significantly different between post EST and post PST, but was significantly decreased end-EST compared with during PST. FS were not significantly different between PST and post EST, but during PST and post EST all FS were significantly higher than baseline. Cardiac troponin I concentrations were significantly elevated post PST and were greater than post EST. The clinical relevance of this is unknown. CONCLUSIONS PST had a similar, although less marked effect on the cardiac parameters related to right-ventricular pressure dynamics and a similar effect on echocardiography as exercise stress testing. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE PST deserves further evaluation in normal horses and those with cardiac disease, and may be complementary to EST to better identify exercise-induced cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Durando
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, 382 W Street Road, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania 19348, USA
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de VRIES A, BREARLEY JC, TAYLOR PM. Effects of dobutamine on cardiac index and arterial blood pressure in isoflurane-anaesthetized horses under clinical conditions. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2009; 32:353-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2008.01051.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Schauvliege S, Van den Eede A, Duchateau L, Pille F, Vlaminck L, Gasthuys F. Comparison between lithium dilution and pulse contour analysis techniques for cardiac output measurement in isoflurane anaesthetized ponies: influence of different inotropic drugs. Vet Anaesth Analg 2009; 36:197-208. [PMID: 19397771 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2009.00446.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare cardiac output () measurements using lithium dilution (LiDCO) and pulse contour analysis (PulseCO) techniques in isoflurane-anaesthetized ponies before and during the administration of different inotropic/vasoactive drugs. STUDY DESIGN Prospective randomized experimental cross-over trial. ANIMALS Six ponies aged 5.0 +/- 1.6 (4-6.5) years and weighing 286 +/- 53 (212-368) kg. METHODS After sedation (romifidine) and induction (midazolam + ketamine), anaesthesia was maintained with isoflurane in oxygen. After 90 minutes (= T0), one of four treatments was administered: saline 0.1 mL kg(-1) (S), enoximone 0.5 mg kg(-1) IV (E), enoximone followed by dobutamine (0.5 microg kg(-1) minute(-1) for 120 minutes) (ED) or enoximone followed by a calcium chloride infusion (0.5 mg kg(-1) minute(-1) for 10 minutes) (EC). Data were recorded for 120 minutes after T0. The PulseCO (recorded from carotid artery) was calibrated before T0, no further recalibrations were performed. was determined with LiDCO ((LiDCO)) and PulseCO ((PulseCO)) simultaneously at T5, T10, T20, T40, T60, T80, T100 and T120. Systemic vascular resistances (SVR(LiDCO) and SVR(PulseCO)) were calculated. RESULTS In the saline group, (PulseCO) was 4.9 +/- 12.3% lower than LiDCO (p < 0.01), whereas SVR(PulseCO) was 6.9 +/- 14.4% higher than SVR(LiDCO) (p < 0.01). These differences increased over time (mean +/- SEM), by 0.06 +/- 0.03% minute(-1) (p = 0.042) and SVR by 0.08 +/- 0.03% minute(-1) (p = 0.018). (PulseCO) was higher than (LiDCO) in the EC group (1.8 +/- 23.3%), but lower than (LiDCO) in groups E (-11.7 +/- 20.4%) and ED (-10.0 +/- 25.9%) (significant difference between treatments, p < 0.01). The differences in SVR in groups E (20.4 +/- 32.0%) and ED (20.7 +/- 35.3%) were significantly higher than in groups S (6.9 +/- 14.4%) and EC (3.1 +/- 22.2%) (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Pulse contour analysis values deviated significantly from LiDCO measurements in isoflurane-anaesthetized ponies. This difference was influenced by inotropic/vasoactive drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn Schauvliege
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthesia of Domestic Animals, University of Ghent, Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Hofmeister E, Peroni JF, Fisher AT. Effects of Carbon Dioxide Insufflation and Body Position on Blood Gas Values in Horses Anesthetized for Laparoscopy. J Equine Vet Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2008.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Schauvliege S, Van den Eede A, Duchateau L, Gasthuys F. Effects of dobutamine on cardiovascular function and respiratory gas exchange after enoximone in isoflurane-anaesthetized ponies. Vet Anaesth Analg 2008; 35:306-18. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2007.00392.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Craig CA, Haskins SC, Hildebrand SV. The cardiopulmonary effects of dobutamine and norepinephrine in isoflurane-anesthetized foals. Vet Anaesth Analg 2007; 34:377-87. [PMID: 17696976 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2006.00304.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the cardiovascular effects of norepinephrine (NE) and dobutamine (DB) in isoflurane-anesthetized foals. STUDY DESIGN Prospective laboratory study. METHODS Norepinephrine (0.05, 0.10, 0.20, and 0.40 microg kg(-1) minute(-1)) and dobutamine (2.5, 5.0, and 10 microg kg(-1) minute(-1)) were alternately administered to seven healthy, 1- to 2-week-old isoflurane-anesthetized foals. Arterial and pulmonary arterial blood pressure, right atrial pressure, pulmonary artery occlusion pressure, heart rate, body temperature, cardiac output, arterial and mixed venous blood pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide, partial pressure of oxygen [arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO(2)) and mixed venous partial pressure of oxygen (PvO(2))], and packed cell volume were measured. Standard base excess, bicarbonate concentration, systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance, cardiac index (CI), stroke volume, left and right stroke work indices, oxygen delivery (DO(2)), consumption, and extraction were calculated. Results Norepinephrine infusion resulted in significant increases in arterial and pulmonary arterial pressure, systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance indices, and PaO(2); heart rate was decreased. Dobutamine infusion resulted in significant increases in heart rate, stroke volume index, CI, and arterial and pulmonary arterial blood pressure. Systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance indices were decreased while the ventricular stroke work indices increased. The PaO(2) decreased while DO(2) and oxygen consumption increased. Oxygen extraction decreased and PvO(2) increased. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Norepinephrine primarily augments arterial blood pressure while decreasing CI. Dobutamine primarily augments CI with only modest increases in arterial blood pressure. Both NE and DB could be useful in the hemodynamic management of anesthetized foals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cary A Craig
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Schauvliege S, Van den Eede A, Duchateau L, Gasthuys F. Cardiovascular effects of enoximone in isoflurane anaesthetized ponies. Vet Anaesth Analg 2007; 34:416-30. [PMID: 17696974 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2007.00343.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Enoximone is a phosphodiesterase III inhibitor frequently used to improve cardiac output (CO) in man. As the use of enoximone has not been reported in horses, the effects of this inodilator were examined in isoflurane anaesthetized ponies. STUDY DESIGN Prospective, randomised, experimental study. ANIMALS Six healthy ponies, weighing 286 (212-367) +/- 52 kg, aged 5.0 +/- 1.6 years (4-6.5). METHODS After sedation with romifidine [80 microg kg(-1) intravenously (IV)], general anaesthesia was induced with midazolam (0.06 mg kg(-1) IV) and ketamine (2.2 mg kg(-1) IV) and maintained with isoflurane in oxygen (Et Iso 1.7%). The ponies were ventilated to maintain eucapnia (PaCO(2) 4.66-6.00 kPa). Each pony was anaesthetized twice with an interval of 3 weeks; receiving enoximone 0.5 mg kg(-1) IV (E) or saline (S) 90 minutes post-induction. Heart rate (HR), arterial (AP) and right atrial pressure (RAP) were measured before treatment, every 5 minutes between T0 (treatment) and T30 and then every 10 minutes until T120. Cardiac output measurements (lithium dilution technique) and blood gas analysis (arterial and central venous samples) were performed before T0 and at T5, T10, T20, T40, T60, T80, T100 and T120. Stroke volume (SV), systemic vascular resistance (SVR), venous admixture (Qs/Qt) and oxygen delivery (DO(2)) were calculated. RESULTS Enoximone induced significant increases in HR, CO, SV, Qs/Qt and DO(2) and a significant decrease in RAP. No significant differences were detected for AP, SVR and blood gases. No cardiac arrhythmias or other side effects were observed. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The present results suggest that in isoflurane anaesthetized ponies, enoximone has beneficial effects on CO and SV without producing significant changes in blood pressure. Despite an increase in Qs/Qt, DO(2) to the tissues was improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn Schauvliege
- Department Of Surgery and Anaesthesia of Domestic Animals, University of Ghent, Merelbeke, Belgium.
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Gehlen H, Weichler A, Bubeck K, Ohnesorge B, Deegen E, Stadler P. Effects of Two Different Dosages of Dobutamine on Pulmonary Artery Wedge Pressure, Systemic Arterial Blood Pressure and Heart Rate in Anaesthetized Horses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 53:476-80. [PMID: 17054485 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0442.2006.00860.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of two different dobutamine concentrations on pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP) and on mean systemic arterial blood pressure (MAP) in horses anaesthetized with isoflurane, after induction of general anaesthesia with xylazine, ketamine and diazepam. Eight healthy warm-blood horses were included in the study. Each horse was subjected to general anaesthesia twice with two different dosages of dobutamine, 3 and 5 microg/kg bw/min, being infused over 15 min, starting 50 min after induction of general anaesthesia (T(0)). The heart rate, the PAWP and the MAP were recorded after 10 min (T(1)) and then every 5 min until 15 min after cessation of intravenous dobutamine administration (T(3)-T(5)). The PAWP was measured by a right heart catheter, which was positioned in the pulmonary capillaries. Mean systemic arterial blood pressure was monitored at the facial artery for the duration of general anaesthesia. All parameters increased at both dosage rates of dobutamine and decreased significantly when dobutamine administration ceased. The increase in heart rate was significantly higher after administration of 3 microg/kg bw/min dobutamine compared with the dosage of 5 microg/kg bw/min dobutamine. The increase in MAP was also higher at this dosage, but not significantly different to the dosage of 5 microg/kg bw/min dobutamine. During both dosages the MAP was above a value considered to be compatible with good peripheral circulation. The greater increase in PAWP was observed during administration of 5 g/kg bw/min dobutamine, but PAWP was not significantly different with the dosage of 3 microg/kg bw/min dobutamine. In conclusion, the administration of dobutamine led to an increase in MAP and PAWP above a value considered to be compatible with a good peripheral circulation. The results of the present study indicate that dobutamine improves circulation, in addition to its well-known effect on the periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Gehlen
- Klinik für Pferde, Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D-30173 HannoverKlinik für Pferde, Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D-30173 Hannover, Germany.
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Frye M, Bright J, Dargatz D, Fettman M, Frisbie D, Baker D, Traub-Dargatz J. A Comparison of Dobutamine Infusion to Exercise as a Cardiac Stress Test in Healthy Horses. J Vet Intern Med 2003. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2003.tb01324.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Yamashita K, Muir WW, Tsubakishita S, Abrahamsen E, Lerch P, Izumisawa Y, Kotani T. Infusion of guaifenesin, ketamine, and medetomidine in combination with inhalation of sevoflurane versus inhalation of sevoflurane alone for anesthesia of horses. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2002; 221:1150-5. [PMID: 12387385 DOI: 10.2460/javma.2002.221.1150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate effects of infusion of guaifenesin, ketamine, and medetomidine in combination with inhalation of sevoflurane versus inhalation of sevoflurane alone for anesthesia of horses. DESIGN Randomized clinical trial. ANIMALS 40 horses. PROCEDURE Horses were premedicated with xylazine and anesthetized with diazepam and ketamine. Anesthesia was maintained by infusion of guaifenesin, ketamine, and medetomidine and inhalation of sevoflurane (20 horses) or by inhalation of sevoflurane (20 horses). A surgical plane of anesthesia was maintained by controlling the inhaled concentration of sevoflurane. Sodium pentothal was administered as necessary to prevent movement in response to surgical stimulation. Hypotension was treated with dobutamine; hypoxemia and hypercarbia were treated with intermittent positive-pressure ventilation. The quality of anesthetic induction, maintenance, and recovery and the quality of the transition to inhalation anesthesia were scored. RESULTS The delivered concentration of sevoflurane (ie, the vaporizer dial setting) was significantly lower and the quality of transition to inhalation anesthesia and of anesthetic maintenance were significantly better in horses that received the guaifenesin-ketamine-medetomidine infusion than in horses that did not. Five horses, all of which received sevoflurane alone, required administration of pentothal. Recovery time and quality of recovery were not significantly different between groups, but horses that received the guaifenesin-ketamine-medetomidine infusion required fewer attempts to stand. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggest that in horses, the combination of a guaifenesin-ketamine-medetomidine infusion and inhalation of sevoflurane resulted in better transition and maintenance phases while improving cardiovascular function and reducing the number of attempts needed to stand after the completion of anesthesia, compared with inhalation of sevoflurane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuto Yamashita
- Department of Veterinary Surgery 1, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
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Hellyer PW, Wagner AE, Mama KR, Gaynor JS. The effects of dobutamine and ephedrine on packed cell volume, total protein, heart rate, and blood pressure in anaesthetized horses. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 1998; 21:497-9. [PMID: 9885974 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2885.1998.00170.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P W Hellyer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523, USA
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Ekström PM, Short CE, Geimer TR. Electroencephalography of detomidine-ketamine-halothane and detomidine-ketamine-isoflurane anesthetized horses during orthopedic surgery. A comparison. Vet Surg 1993; 22:414-8. [PMID: 8236790 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950x.1993.tb00416.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
This study was done to compare the electroencephalographic (EEG) response evoked by orthopedic surgery in halothane- and isoflurane-anesthetized horses. Eight horses scheduled for bilateral arthroscopic surgery of the stifle were premedicated with detomidine (20 micrograms/kg) intravenously and five minutes later induced to anesthesia with ketamine (2.2 mg/kg) intravenously. Anesthesia was maintained with either halothane or isoflurane. Assignment of inhalation anesthetic was done randomly. The multiple of minimal alveolar concentration (MAC) of halothane required for anesthesia was significantly higher than the multiple of MAC of isoflurane (p < .05) required. Total amplitude of the EEG with halothane was smaller than with isoflurane (p < .05), but 13.0 to 32.0 Hz high frequency/0.0 to 3.9 Hz low frequency (beta/delta) ratio was greater for halothane (p < .05). Arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) was significantly (p < .05) higher with isoflurane than with halothane. The differences in EEG frequency shift observed suggest that isoflurane provided better analgesia than halothane for this group of horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Ekström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-6401
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