1
|
Hing S, Currie A, Broomfield S, Keatley S, Jones K, Thompson RCA, Narayan E, Godfrey SS. Host stress physiology and Trypanosoma haemoparasite infection influence innate immunity in the woylie (Bettongia penicillata). Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 46:32-9. [PMID: 27260808 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2016.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Understanding immune function is critical to conserving wildlife in view of infectious disease threats, particularly in threatened species vulnerable to stress, immunocompromise and infection. However, few studies examine stress, immune function and infection in wildlife. We used a flow cytometry protocol developed for human infants to assess phagocytosis, a key component of innate immunity, in a critically endangered marsupial, the woylie (Bettongia penicillata). The effects of stress physiology and Trypanosoma infection on phagocytosis were investigated. Blood and faecal samples were collected from woylies in a captive facility over three months. Trypanosoma status was determined using PCR. Faecal cortisol metabolites (FCM) were quantified by enzyme-immunoassay. Mean phagocytosis measured was >90%. An interaction between sex and FCM influenced the percentage of phagocytosing leukocytes, possibly reflecting the influence of sex hormones and glucocorticoids. An interaction between Trypanosoma status and FCM influenced phagocytosis index, suggesting that stress physiology and infection status influence innate immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Hing
- Murdoch University, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, 90 South Street, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia.
| | - Andrew Currie
- Murdoch University, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, 90 South Street, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Steven Broomfield
- Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Sarah Keatley
- Murdoch University, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, 90 South Street, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Krista Jones
- Murdoch University, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, 90 South Street, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - R C Andrew Thompson
- Murdoch University, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, 90 South Street, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Edward Narayan
- Charles Sturt University, School of Animal and Veterinary Science, Boorooma Street, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
| | - Stephanie S Godfrey
- Murdoch University, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, 90 South Street, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pillai SR, Kunze E, Sordillo LM, Jayarao BM. Application of differential inflammatory cell count as a tool to monitor udder health. J Dairy Sci 2001; 84:1413-20. [PMID: 11417700 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(01)70173-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A flow cytometric technique called differential inflammatory cell count was standardized by staining bovine peripheral blood leukocytes with a combination of DNA binding dyes SYBR green 1 and propidium iodide in water. Leukocytes were also stained with propidium iodide in detergent to determine total cell count. Differential inflammatory cell count assay was evaluated with individual quarter milk samples from 13 cows. Cows were sampled at weekly intervals for 3 wk and assayed for total cell count, mononuclear leukocyte count, and polymorphonuclear leukocyte count. Simultaneously, milk samples were evaluated by the conventional electronic somatic cell count (SCC) technique. Somatic cell count positively correlated with total cell count (r = 0.9), mononuclear leukocyte count (r = 0.8), and polymorphonuclear leukocyte count (r = 0.89). Quarters with SCC > log10 5.4 had a higher total cell count, mononuclear leukocyte count, and polymorphonuclear leukocyte count and were more often culture positive compared with quarters with SCC < log10 5.4. Quarters that were culture positive on all three test occasions had a higher proportion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (33 to 49%) compared with quarters that were culture negative on all three test occasions (17 to 25%). The findings of this study suggest that differential inflammatory cell count assay has the potential to evolve as a new technique for evaluation of udder health status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S R Pillai
- Department of Veterinary Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|