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El-Shafaey ES, Hamed MA, Elfadl EA, Gomaa NA, Rizk MA. Phenytoin: A promising non-antibiotic drug for the topical treatment of digital dermatitis in dairy cows. Vet World 2021; 14:2907-2912. [PMID: 35017837 PMCID: PMC8743774 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.2907-2912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Digital dermatitis (DD) is one of the most common causes of lameness in dairy cattle. It is seen in nearly all dairy herds across the world and has substantial welfare and economic implications. In this study, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of phenytoin sodium topical treatment on painful ulcerative stage of bovine digital dermatitis (BDD). Materials and Methods: In total, 45 Holstein-Friesian dairy cows with DD were randomly assigned to one of the three topical treatment trials (15 each): Saline solution (first treatment, negative control), chlortetracycline spray (second treatment, positive control), or phenytoin sodium powder (third treatment, positive control) (third treatment). On day 0 (pre-treatment) and on days 7, 14, 21, and 28 post-treatment, the response of DD-affected cows to the medications used was evaluated by measuring lesion depth and size, as well as the total clinical score (lameness, pain, and discomfort). Results: The cure rate in cows treated with phenytoin (86.66%) on day 28 was significantly improved compared to cows treated with either chlortetracycline (60%) or normal saline (6.66 %). Conclusion: Our findings highlight the superiority of phenytoin over the commonly used antibacterial agent, chlortetracycline, in the topical treatment of BDD, and subsequently suggest that phenytoin should be considered a suitable alternative treatment option for the treatment of BDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- El-Sayed El-Shafaey
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Hamed
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Eman Abo Elfadl
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Development of Animal Wealth, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Naglaa A. Gomaa
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdo Rizk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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Sellera FP, Barbosa BS, Gargano RG, Ríspoli VFP, Sabino CP, Ollhoff RD, Baptista MS, Ribeiro MS, de Sá LRM, Pogliani FC. Methylene blue-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy can be a novel non-antibiotic platform for bovine digital dermatitis. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 34:102274. [PMID: 33812078 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine digital dermatitis (BDD) is one of the most important diseases that effect dairy cows. Methylene blue-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (MB-APDT) emerges as a promising technique to treat superficial infections in bovines. METHODS Twenty BDD lesions located at the skin horn transition of the claw of pelvic limbs of 16 cows were treated by MB-APDT, using a red LED cluster (λ = 660 nm, irradiance =60 mW/cm2, exposure time = 40 s) combined with topical application of MB at 0.01 %; or by topical application of OXY (500 mg in 20 % solution). Each lesion was treated twice with an interval of 14 days. Lesions were weekly evaluated until day 28 by clinical analysis and by histological examination on days 0 and 28. RESULTS Both treatments led to a similar reduction of lesions area. At day 28, three lesions treated by OXY did not present completely recovery, whereas no lesions were observed in MB-APDT group. OXY resulted in a slight increase in type I and III collagen levels, while MB-APDT led to a significant increase in the total area of both collagen types. An abundant number of spirochetes were histologically observed in all lesions before treatments. On the 28th day, five lesions treated by OXY still presented a slight number of spirochetes, whereas in MB-APDT group no spirochetes were evidenced. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that MB-APDT is more effective than OXY and could be used in Veterinary practice to fight BDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio P Sellera
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; School of Veterinary Medicine, Metropolitan University of Santos, Santos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Bruna S Barbosa
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo G Gargano
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Caetano P Sabino
- BioLambda, Scientific and Commercial LTD, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Clinical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rudiger D Ollhoff
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Maurício S Baptista
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Martha S Ribeiro
- Center for Lasers and Applications, IPEN-CNEN/SP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lilian R M de Sá
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabio C Pogliani
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Klawitter M, Döpfer D, Braden TB, Amene E, Mueller KE. Randomised clinical trial showing the curative effect of bandaging on M2-stage lesions of digital dermatitis in dairy cows. Vet Rec Open 2019; 6:e000264. [PMID: 31205723 PMCID: PMC6541101 DOI: 10.1136/vetreco-2017-000264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives and design This trial evaluated the effect of bandaging of acute painful ulcerative bovine digital dermatitis (DD) lesion (stage M2) in dairy cows, tested using two different topical treatments. Design Randomised clinical trial. Setting This study was conducted using Holstein-Friesian cows ranging in age from heifers to fourth lactation in a single dairy herd and diagnosed with acute ulcerative DD lesions (stage M2) on the first examination (week 0). Cows were randomly assigned into either a non-bandaged or bandaged group across two treatment conditions: topical chlortetracycline spray (CTC) and Intra Hoof-Fit Gel (IHF). Lesions received standardised bandaging and treatment on a weekly basis. Unhealed lesions could receive up to five repeated treatments, at weekly intervals, within a four-week period. Both M-stage and locomotion were also evaluated and scored weekly. Cows with healthily formed skin (stage M0) were deemed healed and subsequently released from the study. Results In total, 163 M2 lesions were diagnosed at week 0. Bandaged M2 lesions had a significantly higher probability of cure than non-bandaged lesions regardless of treatment type (HR: 4.1; P<0.001; 95 per cent CI: 2.5 to 6.8). Most healing occurred within the first three weeks of trial. Furthermore, bandaged lesions (group 2 and group 4) were significantly less likely to progress into the chronic hyperkeratotic or proliferative stage (M4) than non-bandaged lesions in group 1 and group 3 (HR: 0.10; P<0.001; 95 per cent CI: 0.04 to 0.22). Out of concern for the cow’s wellbeing, this study investigated the effects of bandaging on locomotion. Bandaging had no effect on locomotion for either cows treated with CTC (group 1: median Sprecher score, 2; IQR=1–2; group 2: median Sprecher score, 2; IQR=1–3; P=0.3) or IHF (group 3: median Sprecher score, 2; IQR=1–2; group 4: median Sprecher score, 2; IQR=1–3; P=0.3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Klawitter
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dörte Döpfer
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Ermias Amene
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kerstin Elisabeth Mueller
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Clinic for Ruminants and Swine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Chiba K, Miyazaki T, Sekiyama Y, Miyazaki M, Okada K. The therapeutic efficacy of allyl isothiocyanate in cows with bovine digital dermatitis. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:1191-1195. [PMID: 28552873 PMCID: PMC5559362 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine digital dermatitis (BDD) is the most prevalent infectious cause of lameness in cattle. Because Treponema infection is a major etiology of BDD, the most common treatment of BDD is an antibiotic.
Nonetheless, dairy cows require a withdrawal period after antibiotic treatment before their milk can be marketed. To address the problem, in this study, we tested whether 3 nonantibiotic agents (used separately)—allyl
isothiocyanate (AITC), sodium alginate, and calcium hydroxide—alleviate BDD lesions in dairy cows. The AITC treatment improved the BDD lesions, whereas the sodium alginate and calcium hydroxide treatments did not. Therapeutic
efficacy of AITC was similar to that of lincomycin, a topical antibiotic prescribed for BDD. These results suggest that AITC is a promising nonantibiotic agent for BDD treatment in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Chiba
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Tamako Miyazaki
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Yasushi Sekiyama
- Mitsubishi Kagaku Foods Corporation, 1-1-1 Marunouchi, Chiyoda, Tokyo 100-8251, Japan
| | - Masao Miyazaki
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Keiji Okada
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
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Evans NJ, Murray RD, Carter SD. Bovine digital dermatitis: Current concepts from laboratory to farm. Vet J 2015; 211:3-13. [PMID: 27061657 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bovine digital dermatitis (DD) is a severe infectious disease causing lameness in dairy cattle worldwide and is an important ruminant welfare problem that has considerable economic issues. Bovine DD is endemic in many regions worldwide and it is important to understand this major disease so that effective control strategies can be identified. There is substantial evidence that specific treponeme phylotypes play an important causative role in bovine DD. This review considers current research, including DD Treponema spp. investigations, associated DD pathobiology, and current and potential treatment and control options. Epidemiological data, alongside new microbiological data, help delineate important transmission routes and reservoirs of infection that allow effective interventions to be identified. Better on-farm housing hygiene, pasture access, routine footbathing and claw trimming with disinfected equipment need to be implemented to significantly reduce the incidence of DD. There is a paucity of peer reviewed research into both commonly used and novel treatments. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility studies of DD treponemes and effective treatment of human treponematoses clearly indicate that antibiotics frequently selected for DD treatments are not the most efficacious. Whilst there are understandable concerns over milk withdrawal times in dairy cattle, more needs to be done to identify, license and implement more appropriate antibiotic treatments, since continued overuse of less efficacious antibiotics, applied incorrectly, will lead to increased disease recurrence and transmission. More research is needed into methods of preventing DD that circumvent the use of antibiotics, including vaccination and transmission blocking studies, to reduce or hopefully eradicate DD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Evans
- Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZJ UK; School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZJ, UK.
| | - R D Murray
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZJ, UK; Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZJ, UK
| | - S D Carter
- Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZJ UK; School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZJ, UK
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Schultz N, Capion N. Efficacy of salicylic acid in the treatment of digital dermatitis in dairy cattle. Vet J 2013; 198:518-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2012] [Revised: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Farmers’ practices, motivators and barriers for adoption of treatments of digital dermatitis in dairy farms. Animal 2013; 7:1542-50. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731113000803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Relun A, Lehebel A, Bareille N, Guatteo R. Effectiveness of different regimens of a collective topical treatment using a solution of copper and zinc chelates in the cure of digital dermatitis in dairy farms under field conditions. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:3722-35. [PMID: 22720929 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-4983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A controlled field trial was conducted to evaluate in dairy cattle the benefit provided by different regimens of a collective topical treatment using a solution of copper and zinc chelates to cure digital dermatitis (DD) compared with individual treatment alone, and further to investigate factors that could explain variations in the clinical cure of DD lesions over 6 mo. The study was conducted between November 2009 and October 2010 and involved 4,677 dairy cows from 52 French dairy farms on which DD was endemic. The farms were quasi-randomly allocated to 1 of 4 treatment regimens for 6 mo: no collective treatment (control), walk-through footbath during 4 consecutive milkings every 4 wk (FB/4W) or every 2 wk (FB/2W) and collective spraying during 2 milkings every 2 wk (CS/2W). For ethical and welfare reasons, all farmers also had to treat all detected active DD lesions with individual topical spraying of oxytetracycline. Digital dermatitis and leg hygiene were scored on all lactating cows during milking 7 times every 4 wk by 14 trained investigators. During these farm visits, data related to farm management were also collected. The curative effectiveness of collective treatments was assessed through a Cox survival frailty model as the probability of cure of an active DD lesion during at least 2 consecutive visits. The model was adjusted for farm and cow risk factors as well as initial DD prevalence. Monthly DD cure rates were 58, 55, 76, and 76% in the control, FB/4W, FB/2W, and CS/2W regimens, respectively. The spontaneous monthly cure rate for untreated active DD lesions was 61%. Hazard of cure of DD was increased by 1.28 and 1.41 when walk-through footbath and collective spraying, respectively, were applied over 2 d every 2 wk compared with the control regimen. Applying a walk-through footbath 2 d every 4 wk was not sufficient to improve the cure of DD compared with individual treatments alone. Three main factors were identified as speeding DD healing: cleanliness of the feet, initial small size of the DD lesion, and additional individual topical treatment. Grazing tended to speed DD healing. These results highlight the need of combining several control measures, including individual and collective topical treatments, and improving foot hygiene and the early detection of DD lesions to ensure a high cure rate and rapid curing of digital dermatitis on endemically affected farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Relun
- UMT Cattle Herd Health Control, F-44307 Nantes, France.
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Prevalence of digital dermatitis in first lactation cows assessed at breeding cattle auctions. Vet J 2010; 183:161-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2008.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2008] [Revised: 10/25/2008] [Accepted: 11/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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