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Anderson K, Pellin M, Snyder E, Clarke D. Tumor Grade and Mitotic Count Are Prognostic for Dogs with Cutaneous Mast Cell Tumors Treated with Surgery and Adjuvant or Neoadjuvant Vinblastine Chemotherapy. Vet Sci 2024; 11:363. [PMID: 39195818 PMCID: PMC11360381 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11080363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Canine cutaneous mast cell tumors (cMCTs) have variable rates of recurrence and metastasis. We evaluated how various prognostic factors affect survival, recurrence, and metastasis in dogs with cMCT who underwent surgery and vinblastine chemotherapy. ANIMALS 90 dogs with cMCT treated with surgery and vinblastine at a veterinary referral institution were included. METHODS Medical records were retrospectively reviewed. Prognostic factors were evaluated. RESULTS Most dogs (94%) had grade 2 or 3 cMCTs. Neoadjuvant vinblastine was used in 18 dogs, and none progressed locally before surgery. The use of neoadjuvant vinblastine was associated with a higher chance of local recurrence (p = 0.03) but not survival. Shorter survival times were found for tumors that were high-grade (p < 0.001), grade 3 (p < 0.001), or a MC of >5 (p < 0.001). Dogs with grade 2 tumors that were low-grade lived longer than those with high-grade tumors (p < 0.001). Histologic tumor-free margins and the ability to achieve local tumor control were not associated with outcome. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Both grading systems and MC were prognostic for survival in this population of dogs, supporting the need for the standard reporting of histopathologic findings. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy can be effective in downsizing cMCTs but does not influence survival. These findings are consistent with previous publications, showing the benefits of a more modern population of patients, surgical treatments, and histopathologic assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - MacKenzie Pellin
- Department of Medical Sciences, Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | | | - Dawn Clarke
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
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Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment of Canine Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Mast Cell Tumors. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040618. [PMID: 35203268 PMCID: PMC8870669 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cell tumors (MCTs) are hematopoietic neoplasms composed of mast cells. It is highly common in dogs and is extremely important in the veterinary oncology field. It represents the third most common tumor subtype, and is the most common malignant skin tumor in dogs, corresponding to 11% of skin cancer cases. The objective of this critical review was to present the report of the 2nd Consensus meeting on the Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment of Canine Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Mast Cell Tumors, which was organized by the Brazilian Association of Veterinary Oncology (ABROVET) in August 2021. The most recent information on cutaneous and subcutaneous mast cell tumors in dogs is presented and discussed.
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Abrams BE, Putterman AB, Ruple A, Wavreille V, Selmic LE. Variability in tumor margin reporting for soft tissue sarcoma and cutaneous mast cell tumors in dogs: A systematic review. Vet Surg 2020; 50:259-272. [DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany E. Abrams
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio
| | - Allison B. Putterman
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois
| | - Audrey Ruple
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Vincent Wavreille
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio
| | - Laura E. Selmic
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio
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Stiborova K, Treggiari E, Amores-Fuster I, Del Busto I, Killick D, Maddox T, Marrington M, Mason SL, Blackwood L. Haematologic toxicity in dogs with mast cell tumours treated with vinblastine/prednisolone chemotherapy with/without radiotherapy. J Small Anim Pract 2019; 60:534-542. [PMID: 31245847 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether dogs with surgically excised mast cell tumours receiving a vinblastine/prednisolone chemotherapy protocol in combination with radiation therapy are at greater risk of myelosuppression than patients receiving the chemotherapy protocol alone. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective study of clinical records of dogs with mast cell tumours that, subsequent to surgical excision, had received combination vinblasine/prednisolone chemotherapy. Dogs were assigned to two groups: those treated with adjunctive radiotherapy and vinblastine/prednisolone (RT group) and those treated with surgery followed by vinblastine/prednisolone alone (control group). Haematology results were compared between groups. RESULTS Forty-three cases and 43 controls of similar breed, age and bodyweight were included. Concurrent radiation and vinblastine chemotherapy did not appear to increase the risk of neutropenia, which was observed in 18.6 and 23.2% of cases in the RT and control groups, respectively. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Radiation and vinblastine chemotherapy can be safely combined in dogs with mast cell tumours without increasing the risk of clinically important myelosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Stiborova
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Leahurst Campus, University of Liverpool, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - E Treggiari
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Leahurst Campus, University of Liverpool, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK.,Centro Specialistico Veterinario, 20141, Milan, Italy
| | - I Amores-Fuster
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Leahurst Campus, University of Liverpool, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - I Del Busto
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Leahurst Campus, University of Liverpool, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - D Killick
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Leahurst Campus, University of Liverpool, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - T Maddox
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Leahurst Campus, University of Liverpool, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - M Marrington
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Leahurst Campus, University of Liverpool, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK.,Northwest Veterinary Specialists, Sutton Weaver, Runcorn, WA7 3FW, UK
| | - S L Mason
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Leahurst Campus, University of Liverpool, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK.,Southfields Veterinary Specialists, Basildon, SS15 6TP, UK
| | - L Blackwood
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Leahurst Campus, University of Liverpool, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
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Serra Varela JC, Pecceu E, Handel I, Lawrence J. Tolerability of a rapid-escalation vinblastine-prednisolone protocol in dogs with mast cell tumours. Vet Med Sci 2016; 2:266-280. [PMID: 29067202 PMCID: PMC5645846 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimal chemotherapy protocols for high-risk mast cell tumours (MCTs) are unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the tolerability and toxicity profile of a rapidly escalating vinblastine and prednisolone protocol (VPP) in which 3.00 mg/m2 was administered once 7 days apart: at day 14 and at day 21. Dogs with chemotherapy-naïve MCTs presenting to the Oncology Service of a single institution were prospectively enrolled to receive escalating vinblastine, and haematology and a standardised quality-of-life questionnaire were assessed prior to each dosage. Thirty-four dogs were included: 30 with microscopic disease treated with adequate local therapy and four with macroscopic disease. Of 220 doses of vinblastine administered, 4% were associated with grade 3 and 4 toxicity. A total of 70% of dogs tolerated 3.00 mg/m2 given 7 days apart at day 14 and 21, although 29% of dogs developed dose-limiting toxicities and 8% discontinued the protocol due to toxicity. In conclusion, VPP was well-tolerated overall, although prior to further dose intensity optimisation, it is important to determine if dose intensity is linked to outcome in canine MCT to avoid unwarranted toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Serra Varela
- Small Animal Hospital of The University of Edinburgh, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary StudiesEaster Bush CampusEdinburghEH25 9REUK
| | - Evi Pecceu
- Small Animal Hospital of The University of Edinburgh, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary StudiesEaster Bush CampusEdinburghEH25 9REUK
| | - Ian Handel
- Small Animal Hospital of The University of Edinburgh, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary StudiesEaster Bush CampusEdinburghEH25 9REUK
| | - Jessica Lawrence
- Small Animal Hospital of The University of Edinburgh, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary StudiesEaster Bush CampusEdinburghEH25 9REUK
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Barratt JLN, Cao M, Stark DJ, Ellis JT. The Transcriptome Sequence of Dientamoeba fragilis Offers New Biological Insights on its Metabolism, Kinome, Degradome and Potential Mechanisms of Pathogenicity. Protist 2015; 166:389-408. [PMID: 26188431 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Dientamoeba fragilis is a human bowel parasite with a worldwide distribution. Dientamoeba was once described as a rare and harmless commensal though recent reports suggest it is common and potentially pathogenic. Molecular data on Dientamoeba is scarce which limits our understanding of this parasite. To address this, sequencing of the Dientamoeba transcriptome was performed. Messenger RNA was extracted from cultured Dientamoeba trophozoites originating from clinical stool specimens, and sequenced using Roche GS FLX and Illumina HiSeq technologies. In total 6,595 Dientamoeba transcripts were identified. These sequences were analysed using the BLAST2GO software suite and via BLAST comparisons to sequences available from TrichDB, GenBank, MEROPS and kinase.com. Several novel KEGG pathway maps were generated and gene ontology analysis was also performed. These results are thoroughly discussed guided by knowledge available for other related protozoa. Attention is paid to the novel biological insights afforded by this data including peptidases and kinases of Dientamoeba, as well as its metabolism, novel chemotherapeutics and possible mechanisms of pathogenicity. Currently, this work represents the largest contribution to our understanding of Dientamoeba molecular biology and also represents a major contribution to our understanding of the trichomonads generally, many of which are important pathogens of humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel L N Barratt
- University of Technology Sydney, iThree Institute, Broadway, New South Wales 2007, Australia; University of Technology Sydney, School of Life Sciences, Broadway, New South Wales 2007, Australia.
| | - Maisie Cao
- University of Technology Sydney, School of Life Sciences, Broadway, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Damien J Stark
- University of Technology Sydney, School of Life Sciences, Broadway, New South Wales 2007, Australia; Division of Microbiology, Sydpath, St. Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - John T Ellis
- University of Technology Sydney, School of Life Sciences, Broadway, New South Wales 2007, Australia
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Robat C, London C, Bunting L, McCartan L, Stingle N, Selting K, Kurzman I, Vail DM. Safety evaluation of combination vinblastine and toceranib phosphate (Palladia®) in dogs: a phase I dose-finding study. Vet Comp Oncol 2011; 10:174-83. [PMID: 22235914 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2011.00261.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Combining drugs with known single-agent activity that lack overlapping dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) and exert antitumour activity through different mechanisms could improve clinical outcome. As toceranib and vinblastine meet these requisites, a phase I trial was performed in combination in dogs with mast cell tumours. The DLT for the simultaneous combination was neutropenia and the maximally tolerated dose was vinblastine (1.6 mg m(-2) every other week) concurrent with toceranib (3.25 mg kg(-1) PO, every other day). This represents greater than a 50% reduction in dose intensity for vinblastine (compared with single-agent use) and as such does not support this combination based on current drug combination paradigms. Although a strict adherence to dose paradigms speaks against the combination, evidence of significant activity (71% objective response) and enhanced myelosuppression suggest additive or synergistic activity. A prospective randomized evaluation comparing this combination with standard single-agent treatments would seem prudent to interrogate this potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Robat
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Bailey D, Rassnick K, Kristal O, Chretin J, Balkman C. Phase I Dose Escalation of Single-Agent Vinblastine in Dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2008; 22:1397-402. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2008.0196.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Vickery KR, Wilson H, Vail DM, Thamm DH. Dose-escalating vinblastine for the treatment of canine mast cell tumour. Vet Comp Oncol 2008; 6:111-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2007.00147.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Dobson JM, Scase TJ. Advances in the diagnosis and management of cutaneous mast cell tumours in dogs. J Small Anim Pract 2007; 48:424-31. [PMID: 17559522 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2007.00366.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mast cell tumours are one of the most common tumours of the canine skin and have a reputation for being difficult to manage because of their variable clinical presentation, behaviour and response to treatment. This review of recent literature on canine mast cell tumours suggests that the majority of such tumours may not be as bad as their reputation suggests. Most grade I and grade II tumours can be managed successfully by good surgery. Recent literature also calls into question the utility of clinical staging systems and the value of assessing surgical margins for prognosis and highlights the paucity of well-conducted, case-controlled clinical trials in assessing the efficacy of medical management of high-risk tumours. In terms of more basic research, recent studies have implicated the stem cell factor receptor KIT as having a role in the aetiology of canine mast cell tumours and there appears to be an association between c-kit mutation and higher grade of tumour. This may offer a possible target for new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Dobson
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
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