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Jin S, He L, Yang C, He X, Chen H, Feng Y, Tang W, Li J, Liu D, Li T. Crosstalk between trace elements and T-cell immunity during early-life health in pigs. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:1994-2005. [PMID: 37300752 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2339-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With gradual ban on the use of antibiotics, the deficiency and excessive use of trace elements in intestinal health is gaining attention. In mammals, trace elements are essential for the development of the immune system, specifically T-cell proliferation, and differentiation. However, there remain significant gaps in our understanding of the effects of certain trace elements on T-cell immune phenotypes and functions in pigs. In this review, we summarize the specificity, development, subpopulations, and responses to pathogens of porcine T cells and the effects of functional trace elements (e.g., iron, copper, zinc, and selenium) on intestinal T-cell immunity during early-life health in pigs. Furthermore, we discuss the current trends of research on the crosstalk mechanisms between trace elements and T-cell immunity. The present review expands our knowledge of the association between trace elements and T-cell immunity and provides an opportunity to utilize the metabolism of trace elements as a target to treat various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunshun Jin
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T2N2, Canada
| | - Liuqin He
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan international joint laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, 410125, China.
| | - Chenbo Yang
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T2N2, Canada
| | - Xinmiao He
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Heshu Chen
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Yanzhong Feng
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Wenjie Tang
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Jianzhong Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan international joint laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Di Liu
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China.
| | - Tiejun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, 410125, China.
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Jakobsen N, Pedersen MLM, Amdi C. Peroral iron supplementation can be provided to piglets through a milk cup system with results comparable to parenteral iron administration. Transl Anim Sci 2021; 5:txab004. [PMID: 33604520 PMCID: PMC7881258 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txab004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate if iron can be allocated to piglets through sow milk replacer fed in a milk cup system with efficacies comparable to intramuscular (IM) administration of 200 mg gleptoferron. Two hundred and ninety-four piglets from 21 litters were allocated to three different iron treatments (n = 98). The treatments were 1) Control (CON) provided no supplemental iron, 2) Injected iron (II) provided 200 mg gleptoferron IM on day 3 postpartum, and 3) Milk iron (MI) provided sow milk replacer “DanMilk Supreme” added 1 % “Piglet Boozt” ad libitum from day 0 until 21 days postpartum. All piglets had access to dry feed from day 6. Initial and final body weight was registered and hemoglobin (Hb) levels were analyzed on day 0, 3, 7, 10, 17, and 21 after farrowing. In order to correlate drinking pattern with Hb level and growth, video cameras were installed, and drinking pattern was recorded on day 18 postpartum. A blood sample was drawn from piglets from three litters per treatment on day 21 for a complete hematology profile. The results showed that iron treatment had an effect on Hb levels (P < 0.001) that were different between all groups from day 10, resulting in a mean Hb level of 76.2 g/L (CON), 120.9 g/L (II), and 105.4 g/L (MI) on day 21. The mean Hb level for both MI and II was above the anemia threshold of 90 g/L and the Hb level of the II group was above 110 g/L and the piglets thus defined as normal. Treatment had a significant effect on Hb, hematocrit (hct), mean corposcular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), red blood cell distribution width (RDW), lymphocytes (%), neutrophils (bill/L) (P < 0.05), neutrophils (%) (P < 0.01), with CON being significantly different from MI and II that were similar or tended to differ. Total visits at the cup was not correlated to Hb level (r = 0.08) and growth was not affected by treatment (P = 0.99). It is concluded that iron can be supplemented to piglets through a milk cup system with efficacies comparable to parenteral administration of 200 mg gleptoferron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Jakobsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | | | - Charlotte Amdi
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Vinke JSJ, Francke MI, Eisenga MF, Hesselink DA, de Borst MH. Iron deficiency after kidney transplantation. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2020; 36:1976-1985. [PMID: 32910168 PMCID: PMC8577626 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfaa123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron deficiency (ID) is highly prevalent in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) and has been independently associated with an excess mortality risk in this population. Several causes lead to ID in KTRs, including inflammation, medication and an increased iron need after transplantation. Although many studies in other populations indicate a pivotal role for iron as a regulator of the immune system, little is known about the impact of ID on the immune system in KTRs. Moreover, clinical trials in patients with chronic kidney disease or heart failure have shown that correction of ID, with or without anaemia, improves exercise capacity and quality of life, and may improve survival. ID could therefore be a modifiable risk factor to improve graft and patient outcomes in KTRs; prospective studies are warranted to substantiate this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Sophia J Vinke
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marith I Francke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michele F Eisenga
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis A Hesselink
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin H de Borst
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Dong Z, Wan D, Li G, Zhang Y, Yang H, Wu X, Yin Y. Comparison of Oral and Parenteral Iron Administration on Iron Homeostasis, Oxidative and Immune Status in Anemic Neonatal Pigs. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 195:117-124. [PMID: 31377936 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01846-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The present study was to evaluate the consequences of iron status across oral and parenteral iron administrations in prevention of iron deficiency anemia. A total of 24 one-day-old male neonatal piglets were allocated into three groups given non-iron supplementation (NON), intramuscular iron dextran injection (FeDex), and oral administration of ferrous glycine chelate (FeGly), respectively. At day 8, no significant differences in final body weight, average weight gain, and tissue coefficients were observed among three groups (P > 0.05). Both oral FeGly and FeDex injection significantly increased serum iron, ferritin, hemoglobin, and tissue iron deposition (P < 0.05). However, FeDex-injected supplementation resulted in rapidly rising hepcidin levels and hepatic iron deposition (P < 0.05). In addition, compared to parenteral iron supplementation, greater serum IgA level, SOD, and GSH-Px activities, lower expressions of IL-1β and TNF-α in the liver, and lower expressions of IL-6 and TNF-α in the spleen were found in oral iron piglets (P < 0.05). According to our results, oral administration of ferrous glycine chelate improved iron homeostasis, and oxidative and immune status in anemic neonatal pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenglin Dong
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China
| | - Dan Wan
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China.
| | - Guanya Li
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China
| | - Huansheng Yang
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, Hunan, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, China
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The effects of iron deficiency on the level of oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses in suckling piglets. ACTA VET BRNO 2018. [DOI: 10.2754/avb201786040365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of iron deficiency on the oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses in suckling piglets. Piglets in the experimental group were given no iron supplement till the age of 21 days. Piglets in the control group were injected i.m. with gleptoferronum at the age of 3 days. Blood samples were taken at 3, 21, 28, and 35 days of age and examined for haematological and biochemical indices. Iron deficiency in the experimental group resulted in the development of anaemia. Significantly lower ceruloplasmin activities in blood plasma were found in the anaemic piglets. The other biochemical indices of the oxidative status (thiobarbituric acid reacting substances, carbonyl proteins, super oxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity) were comparable between the experimental and the control group. It can be concluded that apart from lower ceruloplasmin activities the oxidative status of piglets was not affected negatively by iron deficiency.
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Almeida R, Lopes E, Nunes R, Matos M, Pascoal L, Freire R, Fioravanti M. Diferentes fontes de ferro na prevenção da anemia ferropriva e no desempenho de leitões lactentes. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-8665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RESUMO Com o objetivo de avaliar o uso de diferentes fontes de ferro na prevenção da anemia ferropriva e no desempenho em leitões lactentes, dividiram-se 202 leitões em cinco tratamentos: FD - aplicação intramuscular de 200mg de ferro dextrano no terceiro dia de idade; T24 - terra à vontade fornecida aos leitões a cada 24 horas do terceiro ao 19º dia; T48 - terra à vontade fornecida aos leitões a cada 24 horas do terceiro ao 10º dia e do 11º ao 19º dia, com intervalo de 48 horas; T72 - terra à vontade fornecida aos leitões a cada 24 horas do terceiro ao 10º dia e do 11º ao 19º dia, com intervalo de 72 horas; SA - suplemento alimentar ultraprecoce rico em ferro quelatado em pó (SAUP) fornecido do terceiro ao 11º dia, com intervalo de 48 horas. O ferro dextrano aplicado no terceiro dia de vida e a suplementação com terra e SAUP foram eficientes para garantir o desempenho de leitões no período de aleitamento e não influenciaram no consumo de ração nem na taxa de viabilidade. As diferentes fontes de ferro estudadas não influenciaram o leucograma e foram eficientes na prevenção da anemia ferropriva e no desempenho dos leitões lactentes. Com relação às concentrações de hemoglobina e hematócrito, os animais suplementados com ferro dextrano apresentaram valores superiores quando comparados aos que recebem terra e SAUP.
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Schaefer B, Effenberger M, Zoller H. Iron metabolism in transplantation. Transpl Int 2014; 27:1109-17. [PMID: 24964028 DOI: 10.1111/tri.12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Recipient's iron status is an important determinant of clinical outcome in transplantation medicine. This review addresses iron metabolism in solid organ transplantation, where the role of iron as a mediator of ischemia-reperfusion injury, as an immune-modulatory element, and as a determinant of organ and graft function is discussed. Although iron chelators reduce ischemia-reperfusion injury in cell and animal models, these benefits have not yet been implemented into clinical practice. Iron deficiency and iron overload are associated with reduced immune activation, whose molecular mechanisms are reviewed in detail. Furthermore, iron overload and hyperferritinemia are associated with poor prognosis in end-stage organ failure in patients awaiting kidney, or liver transplantation. This negative prognostic impact of iron overload appears to persist after transplantation, which highlights the need for optimizing iron management before and after solid organ transplantation. In contrast, iron deficiency and anemia are also associated with poor prognosis in patients with end-stage heart failure. Intravenous iron supplementation should be managed carefully because parenterally induced iron overload could persist after successful transplantation. In conclusion, current evidence shows that iron overload and iron deficiency are important risk factors before and after solid organ transplantation. Iron status should therefore be actively managed in patients on the waiting list and after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Schaefer
- Department of Medicine II, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Abstract
Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) was diagnosed in two captive female neonatal Malayan tapirs (Tapirus indicus) at separate institutions. Both calves had unremarkable exams and normal blood parameters within the first 3 days of life. Microcytic hypochromic anemia (hematocrit, HCT= 20%; mean corpuscular volume, MCV = 32.8 fl; mean corpuscular hemoglobin, MCH = 10.5 pg) was diagnosed at day 66 of age in calf EPZ-1. Iron dextran (10 mg/kg i.m.) was administered at day 71. A normal HCT (33%) with microcytosis and hypochromasia (MCV = 33.0 fl; MCH = 11.7 pg) was identified at day 80. No further concerns were noted through 610 days of age. Microcytic hypochromic anemia (HCT = 16%; MCV = 38.4 fl; MCH = 13.3 pg; mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, MCHC= 34.6 g/dl) with thrombocytosis (platelets= 1018 10(3)/UL) and poikilocytosis was diagnosed at day 38 of age in calf WPZ-1 by samples obtained through operant conditioning. Iron dextran (10 mg/kg i.m.) was administered at day 40 and day 68. Improving hematocrit (32%) and low serum iron (45 micorg/dl) was identified at day 88; total iron binding capacity (TIBC; 438 microg/dl) and percentage saturation (10%) were also measured. No further concerns were noted through day 529 of age. Retrospective evaluation identified presumptive IDA in two male siblings of calf WPZ-1. One calf died at day 40 (iron = 40 microg/dl; TIBC = 482 microg/dl; percentage saturation = 4%) and another at day 72 (HCT = 11%; iron = 26 microg/dl; TIBC = 470 microg/dl; percentage saturation = 6%). Death in both calves was attributed to disseminated intravascular coagulation and bacterial septicemia. IDA can develop in Malayan tapirs between day 38 and day 72 of age and may be a significant precursor to bacterial septicemia and death in neonatal Malayan tapirs.
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Clark SG, Coffer N. Normal hematology and hematologic disorders in potbellied pigs. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2008; 11:569-82, vii. [PMID: 18675735 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2008.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Potbellied pigs have become a notable portion of small animal and farm animal practitioners' caseload. Relatively little information is readily accessible for the veterinary practitioner in regard to normal hematologic values or alterations of the hemogram in response to disease, however. This article is a review of blood collection techniques in swine adaptable to potbellied pigs in addition to collection artifacts observed in the swine hemogram. Alterations of the hemogram in disease states that may be encountered in potbellied pig medicine are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherrie G Clark
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1008 West Hazelwood Drive, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
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Slaninová I, Slanina J, Táborská E. Quaternary benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids--novel cell permeant and red fluorescing DNA probes. Cytometry A 2007; 71:700-8. [PMID: 17549765 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.20423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quaternary benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids (QBAs) are naturally occurring compounds isolated from plants in the Fumariaceae, Papaveraceae, Ranunculaceae, and Rutaceae families. In addition to having a wide range of biological activities, they are also attractive for their fluorescent properties. We observed interesting fluorescent characteristics in the QBAs-macarpine (MA), sanguirubine (SR), chelirubine (CHR), sanguilutine (SL), chelilutine (CHL), sanguinarine (SA) and chelerythrine (CHE) after interaction with living cells. METHODS Water stock solutions of the alkaloids (10-100 microg/ml) were added to intact cells, and after a brief incubation the cells were observed. Human cell lines HL60 (human promyelocytic leukemia), HeLa (human cervix adenocarcinoma), and LEP (human lung fibroblasts), and piglet blood were used in the experiments. Blood cells were stained with MA in combination with FITC-conjugated anti-CD45 surface marker antibody. Cells were analyzed by fluorescence microscopy and by flow cytometry. RESULTS All tested alkaloids immediately entered living cells with MA, CHR, and SA binding to DNA. MA showed the best DNA staining properties. Fluorescence microscopy of MA, CHR, and SA stained cells described the nuclear architecture and clearly described chromosomes and apoptotic fragments in living cells. Moreover MA can rapidly represent the cellular DNA content of living cells at a resolution adequate for cell cycle analysis. QBAs were excitable using common argon lasers (488 nm) emitting at a range of 575-755 nm (i.e. fluorescence detectors FL2-5). Spectral characteristics of MA allow simultaneous surface immunophenotyping. CONCLUSIONS It was shown that MA, CHR, and SA stain nucleic acids in living cells. They can be used as supravital fluorescent DNA probes, both in fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry, including multiparameter analysis of peripheral blood and bone marrow. MA binds DNA stochiometrically and can provide information on DNA content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Slaninová
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Sheshko V, Hejnova J, Rehakova Z, Sinkora J, Faldyna M, Alexa P, Felsberg J, Nemcova R, Bomba A, Sebo P. HlyA knock out yields a saferEscherichia coliA0 34/86 variant with unaffected colonization capacity in piglets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 48:257-66. [PMID: 17064280 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2006.00140.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli A0 34/86 (O83:K24:H31) has been successfully used for prophylactic and therapeutic intestinal colonization of premature and newborn infants, with the aim of preventing nosocomial infections. Although E. coli A0 34/86 was described as a nonpathogenic commensal, partial sequencing revealed that its genome harbours gene clusters highly homologous to virulence determinants of different types of E. coli, including closely linked genes of the alpha-haemolysin operon (hlyCABD) and for the cytotoxic necrotizing factor (cnf1). A haemolysin-deficient mutant (Delta hlyA) of E. coli A0 34/86 was generated and its colonization capacity was determined. The results show that a single dose of the A0 34/86 wild-type or Delta hlyA strains resulted in efficient intestinal colonization of newborn conventional piglets, and that this was still considerable after several weeks. No difference was observed between the wild-type and the mutant strains, showing that haemolysin expression does not contribute to intestinal colonization capacity of E. coli A0 34/86. Safety experiments revealed that survival of colostrum-deprived gnotobiotic newborn piglets was substantially higher upon colonization by the nonhaemolytic strain than following inoculation by its wild-type ancestor. We suggest that the E. coli A0 34/86 Delta hlyA mutant may represent a safer prophylactic and/or immunomodulatory tool with unaffected colonization capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Sheshko
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Bacterial Pathogens, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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