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Navez M, Antoine C, Laforêt F, Goya-Jorge E, Douny C, Scippo ML, Vermeersch M, Duprez JN, Daube G, Mainil J, Taminiau B, Delcenserie V, Thiry D. In Vitro Effect on Piglet Gut Microbiota and In Vivo Assessment of Newly Isolated Bacteriophages against F18 Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). Viruses 2023; 15:v15051053. [PMID: 37243139 DOI: 10.3390/v15051053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) causing post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) in piglets have a detrimental impact on animal health and economy in pig production. ETEC strains can adhere to the host's small intestinal epithelial cells using fimbriae such as F4 and F18. Phage therapy could represent an interesting alternative to antimicrobial resistance against ETEC infections. In this study, four bacteriophages, named vB_EcoS_ULIM2, vB_EcoM_ULIM3, vB_EcoM_ULIM8 and vB_EcoM_ULIM9, were isolated against an O8:F18 E. coli strain (A-I-210) and selected based on their host range. These phages were characterized in vitro, showing a lytic activity over a pH (4-10) and temperature (25-45 °C) range. According to genomic analysis, these bacteriophages belong to the Caudoviricetes class. No gene related to lysogeny was identified. The in vivo Galleria mellonella larvae model suggested the therapeutic potential of one selected phage, vB_EcoS_ULIM2, with a statistically significant increase in survival compared to non-treated larvae. To assess the effect of this phage on the piglet gut microbiota, vB_EcoS_ULIM2 was inoculated in a static model simulating the piglet intestinal microbial ecosystem for 72 h. This study shows that this phage replicates efficiently both in vitro and in vivo in a Galleria mellonella model and reveals the safety of the phage-based treatment on the piglet microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Navez
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, FARAH and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium
- Unit of Cardiovascular Sciences, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA), University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Céline Antoine
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, FARAH and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium
- Laboratory of Food Quality Management, Food Science Department, FARAH and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Fanny Laforêt
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, FARAH and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium
- Laboratory of Food Quality Management, Food Science Department, FARAH and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Elizabeth Goya-Jorge
- Laboratory of Food Quality Management, Food Science Department, FARAH and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Caroline Douny
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Department of Food Sciences, FARAH and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Marie-Louise Scippo
- Laboratory of Food Analysis, Department of Food Sciences, FARAH and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Marjorie Vermeersch
- Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging, Electron Microscopy Laboratory, ULB, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Jean-Noël Duprez
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, FARAH and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Georges Daube
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Jacques Mainil
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, FARAH and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Bernard Taminiau
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Véronique Delcenserie
- Laboratory of Food Quality Management, Food Science Department, FARAH and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Damien Thiry
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, FARAH and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium
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F4- and F18-Positive Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Isolates from Diarrhea of Postweaning Pigs: Genomic Characterization. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.01913-20. [PMID: 32948526 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01913-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize in silico enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F4- and F18-positive isolates (n = 90) causing swine postweaning diarrhea, including pathogenic potential, phylogenetic relationship, antimicrobial and biocide resistance, prophage content, and metal tolerance rates. F4 strains belonged mostly to the O149 and O6 serogroups and ST100 and ST48 sequence types (STs). F18 strains were mainly assigned to the O8 and O147 serogroups and ST10, ST23, and ST42. The highest rates of antimicrobial resistance were found against streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, trimethoprim, and ampicillin. No resistance was found toward ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime, ceftiofur, and colistin. Genes conferring tolerance to copper (showing the highest diversity), cadmium, silver, and zinc were predicted in all genomes. Enterotoxin genes (ltcA, 100% F4, 62% F18; astA, 100% F4, 38.1% F18; sta, 18.8% F4, 38.1% F18; stb, 100% F4, 76.2% F18) and fimbria-encoding genes typed as F4ac and F18ac were detected in all strains, in addition to up to 16 other virulence genes in individual strains. Phage analysis predicted between 7 and 20 different prophage regions in each strain. A highly diverse variety of plasmids was found; IncFII, IncFIB, and IncFIC were prevalent among F4 isolates, while IncI1 and IncX1 were dominant among F18 strains. Interestingly, F4 isolates from the early 1990s belonged to the same clonal group detected for most of the F4 strains from 2018 to 2019 (ONT:H10-A-ST100-CH27-0). The small number of single-nucleotide polymorphism differences between the oldest and recent F4 ST100 isolates suggests a relatively stable genome. Overall, the isolates analyzed in this study showed remarkably different genetic traits depending on the fimbria type.IMPORTANCE Diarrhea in the postweaning period due to enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) is an economically relevant disease in pig production worldwide. In Denmark, prevention is mainly achieved by zinc oxide administration (to be discontinued by 2022). In addition, a breeding program has been implemented that aims to reduce the prevalence of this illness. Treatment with antimicrobials contributes to the problem of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) development. As a novelty, this study aims to deeply understand the genetic population structure and variation among diarrhea-associated isolates by whole-genome sequencing characterization. ST100-F4ac is the dominant clonal group circulating in Danish herds and showed high similarity to ETEC ST100 isolates from China, the United States, and Spain. High rates of AMR and high diversity of virulence genes were detected. The characterization of diarrhea-related ETEC is important for understanding the disease epidemiology and pathogenesis and for implementation of new strategies aiming to reduce the impact of the disease in pig production.
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Renzhammer R, Loncaric I, Roch FF, Pinior B, Käsbohrer A, Spergser J, Ladinig A, Unterweger C. Prevalence of Virulence Genes and Antimicrobial Resistances in E. coli Associated with Neonatal Diarrhea, Postweaning Diarrhea, and Edema Disease in Pigs from Austria. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E208. [PMID: 32344550 PMCID: PMC7235777 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9040208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing numbers of multi-resistant Escherichia (E.) coli from clinical specimens emphasize the importance of monitoring of their resistance profiles for proper treatment. Furthermore, knowledge on the presence of virulence associated genes in E. coli isolates from European swine stocks is scarce. Consequently, a total of 694 E. coli isolated between 2016 and 2018 from diarrheic piglets of Austrian swine herds were investigated. The isolates were tested for their susceptibility to twelve antibiotics using agar disk diffusion test and for the presence of 22 virulence associated genes via PCR. Overall, 71.9, 67.7, and 49.5% of all isolates were resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, while resistance levels to gentamicin and fosfomycin were 7.7 and 2.0%, respectively. Resistance frequency to ciprofloxacin was higher than in previous studies. Isolates were more likely to be resistant to ampicillin if they were also resistant to ciprofloxacin. No isolate was resistant to meropenem or amikacin. Virulence genes were detected more frequently in isolates expressing hemolytic activity on blood agar plates. The detection rate of faeG was increased in fimH negative isolates. We assume, that hemolytic activity and absence of fimH could be considered as potential indicators for the virulence of E. coli in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Renzhammer
- University Clinic for Swine, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria (C.U.)
| | - Igor Loncaric
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (I.L.)
| | - Franz-Ferdinand Roch
- Unit of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Beate Pinior
- Unit of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Annemarie Käsbohrer
- Unit of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Joachim Spergser
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (I.L.)
| | - Andrea Ladinig
- University Clinic for Swine, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria (C.U.)
| | - Christine Unterweger
- University Clinic for Swine, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria (C.U.)
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Luppi A, Gibellini M, Gin T, Vangroenweghe F, Vandenbroucke V, Bauerfeind R, Bonilauri P, Labarque G, Hidalgo Á. Prevalence of virulence factors in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated from pigs with post-weaning diarrhoea in Europe. Porcine Health Manag 2016; 2:20. [PMID: 28405446 PMCID: PMC5382528 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-016-0039-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Post-weaning diarrhoea (PWD), due to Escherichia coli, is an important cause of economic losses to the pig industry primarily as a result of mortality and worsened productive performance. In spite of its relevance, recent data about the prevalence of virulence genes and pathotypes among E. coli isolates recovered from cases of PWD in Europe are scarce. Results This study investigates the prevalence of fimbrial and toxin genes of E. coli by PCR among 280 farms with PWD across Europe. A total of 873 samples collected within the first 48 h after the onset of PWD (occurring 7–21 days post weaning) were submitted to the laboratory for diagnostic purposes. Isolation and identification of E. coli were performed following standard bacteriological methods and PCR assays for the detection of genes encoding for fimbriae (F4, F5, F6, F18 and F41) and toxins (LT, STa, STb and Stx2e). The prevalence of fimbriae and toxins among E. coli isolates from cases of PWD was: F4 (45.1 %), F18 (33.9 %), F5 (0.6 %), F6 (0.6 %), F41 (0.3 %), STb (59.1 %), STa (38.1 %), LT (31.9 %) and Stx2e (9.7 %). E. coli isolates carrying both fimbrial and toxin genes were detected in 52.5 % of the cases (178 out of 339 isolates), with 94.9 % of them being classified as enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC). The most common virotype detected was F4, STb, LT. Conclusions This study confirms that ETEC is frequently isolated in pig farms with PWD across Europe, with F4- and F18-ETEC variants involved in 36.1 % and 18.2 % of the outbreaks, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Luppi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), via Pitagora 2, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Mariavittoria Gibellini
- Elanco Animal Health, Divisione veterinaria Eli Lilly Italia Spa, Via A. Gramsci, 731, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI Italy
| | - Thomas Gin
- Elanco Animal Health, 24 Boulevard Vital Bouhot, 92521 Neuilly-sur-Seine, France
| | - Frédéric Vangroenweghe
- Elanco Animal Health Benelux, Plantijn en Moretuslei 1 -3rd floor, 2018 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | | | - Rolf Bauerfeind
- Institute of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Justus Liebig University, Frankfurter Str. 85-89, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Paolo Bonilauri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), via Pitagora 2, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Geoffrey Labarque
- Elanco Animal Health, 24 Boulevard Vital Bouhot, 92521 Neuilly-sur-Seine, France
| | - Álvaro Hidalgo
- Elanco Animal Health, Lilly House, Priestley Road, Basingstoke, RG249NL UK
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Fasina FO, Bwala DG, Madoroba E. Investigation of multidrug-resistant fatal colisepticaemia in weanling pigs. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 2015; 82:986. [PMID: 26842367 PMCID: PMC6238774 DOI: 10.4102/ojvr.v82i1.986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is usually a benign commensal of the gut microflora. However, when E. coli acquires virulence genes it can multiply rapidly and cause disease through colonisation of the intestinal mucosa. Escherichia coli can become a significant pathogen in young pigs. We report an investigation of fatal colisepticaemia in weanling pigs from emerging farms where piglets and weaners were diarrhoeic and the mortality rate ranged between 15% and 70% in each litter. Faecal and tissue samples were processed for histopathology, bacteriology and molecular biology (multiplex and monoplex polymerase chain reaction) and we recovered enteroaggregative multidrug-resistant E. coli producing EAST-1 enterotoxin. An association between poor housing conditions and the observed cases was established and future management programmes were recommended to reduce the impact of such pathogens. Enteroaggregative E. coli is becoming a major problem in the pig industry. It therefore becomes necessary to establish the full impact of E. coli on the South African pig industry and to determine the geographic extent of the problem.
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Bussalleu E, Pinart E, Yeste M, Briz M, Sancho S, Torner E, Bonet S. A PCR technique to detect enterotoxigenic and verotoxigenic Escherichia coli in boar semen samples. Res Vet Sci 2012; 93:31-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2011.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Revised: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Toledo A, Gómez D, Cruz C, Carreón R, López J, Giono S, Castro AM. Prevalence of virulence genes in Escherichia coli strains isolated from piglets in the suckling and weaning period in Mexico. J Med Microbiol 2012; 61:148-156. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.031302-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Toledo
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México DF 04510, Mexico
| | - Daniela Gómez
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México DF 04510, Mexico
| | - Celene Cruz
- Departamento de Producción Animal: cerdos, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México DF 04510, Mexico
| | - Rosalba Carreón
- Departamento de Producción Animal: cerdos, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México DF 04510, Mexico
| | - Jorge López
- Departamento de Producción Animal: cerdos, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México DF 04510, Mexico
| | - Silvia Giono
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, DF, Mexico
| | - Ana María Castro
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México DF 04510, Mexico
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Zajacova ZS, Konstantinova L, Alexa P. Detection of virulence factors of Escherichia coli focused on prevalence of EAST1 toxin in stool of diarrheic and non-diarrheic piglets and presence of adhesion involving virulence factors in astA positive strains. Vet Microbiol 2011; 154:369-75. [PMID: 21864997 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Revised: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Between 2005 and 2009, a total of 800 Escherichia coli strains isolated from piglets with diarrhea were tested for the presence of enteroaggregative heat-stable enterotoxin EAST1, heat-labile (LT) and heat-stable enterotoxins (STa) and shigatoxin (Stx2e) by PCR with the purpose of investigating the present distribution of virulence factors on swine farms in the Czech Republic. The isolates were analyzed for their O-serogroup, fimbrial (K88, K99, 987P, F41, F18) and nonfimbrial adhesins (adhesin involved in diffuse adherence AIDA and porcine attaching and effacing-associated factor PAA). The detection rates of ETEC and STEC isolates were 36.5% and 7.75%, respectively, which implies that ETEC play the major role in E. coli infections in Czech herds. Generally, the most common serotype was O149:K88 which possessed genetic determinants for LT and EAST1. None of the tested E. coli isolates was positive for genes K99, 987P and F41. It was shown that out of 800 E. coli strains isolated from pigs, 277 were EAST1 positive and 74% from the latter were identified as ETEC. Of the fimbrial adhesins, K88 and F18 were commonly detected. Over 80% of K88/EAST1 positive strains possessed the gene for paa. We detected no EAE isolate positive for fimbrial adhesins or PAA and AIDA. The AIDA was more often associated with F18 than with K88. The gene astA was also identified among E. coli isolates of non-diarrheic piglets. We tested rectal swab samples collected from apparently healthy piglets on three farms. On all farms, E. coli astA positive strains (26.66%, 90.00% and 46.66% astA positive animals) were isolated. Our results showed a significantly higher prevalence of astA positive E. coli isolates among apparently healthy piglets in comparison with diarrheic piglets. The question remains as to what is the role of the astA gene in the pathogenesis of porcine colibacillosis and as a virulence factor.
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Yan X, Huang X, Ren J, Ouyang J, Yang M, Han P, Huang L. Adhesion phenotypes of pigs of Chinese and Western breeds and a White Duroc-Erhualian crossbreed with regard to susceptibility to enterotoxigenicEscherichia coliwith fimbrial adhesins K99, 987P, and F41. Am J Vet Res 2011; 72:80-4. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.72.1.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Choi MJ, Lim SK, Nam HM, Kim AR, Jung SC, Kim MN. Apramycin and Gentamicin Resistances in Indicator and Clinical Escherichia coli Isolates from Farm Animals in Korea. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2011; 8:119-23. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2010.0641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jung Choi
- Department of Biology, Sangmyung University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Kyung Lim
- National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Forestry and Fisheries, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang-Mi Nam
- National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Forestry and Fisheries, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae-Ran Kim
- National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Forestry and Fisheries, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Chan Jung
- National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Forestry and Fisheries, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Mal-Nam Kim
- Department of Biology, Sangmyung University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Ahmadi M, Mardani K, Airemlou N, Dilmagani M. Detection of LT and ST genes in the Escherichia coli isolated from the dogs, sheep and poultry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-009-0825-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Vidotto MC, de Lima NCS, Fritzen JTT, de Freitas JC, Venâncio MJ, Ono MA. Frequency of virulence genes in Escherichia coli strains isolated from piglets with diarrhea in the North Parana State, Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2009; 40:199-204. [PMID: 24031344 PMCID: PMC3768501 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838220090001000035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2008] [Revised: 05/09/2008] [Accepted: 02/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of Escherichia coli causing porcine postweaning diarrhea requires knowledge regarding the prevalent pathotypes within a given region. A total of 100 Escherichia coli isolates from piglets with diarrhea in Londrina city, Parana State, South Brazil, were screened for the presence of genes for F4, F5, F6, F18, F41 fimbrial antigens by specific probes and for enterotoxins (STa, STb, LT and STx2e) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The results showed that 60% of the isolates were positive for one or more of the fimbrial antigens and 92% were positive at least for one of the virulence factors examined. Virulence factor genes detected were F4 (44%), F18 (38%), F5 (30%), F41 (32%), F6 (25%), LTp-I (71%), STa (40%), STb (47%) and STx2e (3%). Twenty four patterns of virulence factor according to the different virulence genes form were found and the most frequent virulence gene pattern was F4, F18, F41, STa, STb and LT. Most of the isolates that carried genes for adhesins also harboured genes for toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilda C Vidotto
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva , Londrina, PR , Brasil
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Lee SI, Kang SG, Kang ML, Yoo HS. Development of Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Assays for Detecting Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli and their Application to Field Isolates from Piglets with Diarrhea. J Vet Diagn Invest 2008; 20:492-6. [DOI: 10.1177/104063870802000413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Fimbriae and enterotoxins are major virulence factors associated with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). In this study, 3 sets of multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) assays targeting fimbriae, enterotoxins, and other adherence factors were developed for detecting ETEC. A total number of 188 E. coli field isolates were examined, and percentages of E. coli strains carrying each virulence factors were as follows: F4 (7.45%), F5 (29.79%), F6 (6.38%), F18 (15.43%), F41 (3.72%), STa (10.11%), STb (20.74%), LT (9.57%), Stx2e (2.13%), EAST1 (42.02%), F1 (67.55%), AIDA-I (2.66%), and pAA (7.45%). Of the 188 E. coli field isolates examined, 25.53% were found to be pathogenic ETEC, having both fimbriae and enterotoxins. However, the ratio increased to 44.68% when the presence of other adhesins was considered as criteria for virulence. Among the adherence factors, F1 was found to be the most prevalent. AIDA-I and pAA were also found with similar ratio as compared with other virulence factors. In addition, virulence patterns carrying these alternate adhesive genes with enterotoxins were detected with significant ratio. Therefore, it is desirable that alternate adhesins be considered as markers for diagnosis of ETEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su In Lee
- From the Department of Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, KRF Zoonotic Disease Priority Research Institute and BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Gyun Kang
- From the Department of Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, KRF Zoonotic Disease Priority Research Institute and BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi Lan Kang
- From the Department of Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, KRF Zoonotic Disease Priority Research Institute and BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Han Sang Yoo
- From the Department of Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, KRF Zoonotic Disease Priority Research Institute and BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Vu-Khac H, Holoda E, Pilipcinec E, Blanco M, Blanco JE, Dahbi G, Mora A, López C, González EA, Blanco J. Serotypes, virulence genes, intimin types and PFGE profiles of Escherichia coli isolated from piglets with diarrhoea in Slovakia. Vet J 2007; 174:176-87. [PMID: 16956777 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2006.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2005] [Revised: 04/04/2006] [Accepted: 05/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Two hundred and fifty Escherichia coli isolates from diarrhoeic and healthy piglets were serotyped and tested for the presence of virulence genes for fimbriae, intimin, heat-labile (LT) and heat-stable (STa and STb) enterotoxins, Stx toxins, and enteroaggregative heat-stable 1 (EAST1) enterotoxin by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Although 220 isolates from diarrhoeic piglets belonged to 43 O serogroups and 77 O:H serotypes, 60% were of one of the 10 serogroups O2, O8, O15, O54, O84, O101, O141, O147, O149 and O157, and 60% belonged to only 10 serotypes (O8:H-, O54:H-, O84:H7, O101:H-, O141:H-, O141:H4, O147:H-, O149:H10, O163:H-, and ONT:H-). PCR showed that 79% of 220 isolates carried genes for at least one of the virulence factors tested. The gene encoding for EAST1 was the most prevalent (65%) followed by those encoding for STb (49%), LT (42%), STa (13%), and Stx2e (4%). Eighty-three (38%) of the 220 E. coli isolates carried the gene for F4 (K88), whereas genes for F18, F5 (K99), F41, F6 (P987), F17, and intimin (eae) were detected in 9%, 3%, 3%, 3%, 1%, and 3%, respectively. Seropathotype O149:H10:F4:LT/STb/EAST1 (70 isolates) was the most common, representing 32% of isolates. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis with XbaI of 15 O149:H10 representative isolates from diarrhoeic piglets distinguished 14 types. The 15 isolates exhibited a wide variability of distinct restriction patterns though all belonged to the same serotype (O149:H10), and all but one showed identical virulence determinants (F4, LT, STb, and EAST1). Among 30 isolates from healthy piglets only two virulence genes were detected: EAST1 (26%) and eae (17%). In total, 12 isolates were positives for the eae gene: five isolates had intimin beta1, four possessed intimin theta and three showed intimin type xiB. This is believed to be the first study describing the presence of intimin type xiB in E. coli of porcine origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Vu-Khac
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Komenskeho 73, Slovakia
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Wu XY, Chapman T, Trott DJ, Bettelheim K, Do TN, Driesen S, Walker MJ, Chin J. Comparative analysis of virulence genes, genetic diversity, and phylogeny of commensal and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolates from weaned pigs. Appl Environ Microbiol 2006; 73:83-91. [PMID: 17056683 PMCID: PMC1797122 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00990-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
If the acquisition of virulence genes (VGs) for pathogenicity were not solely acquired through horizontal gene transfers of pathogenicity islands, transposons, and phages, then clonal clusters of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) would contain few or even none of the VGs found in strains responsible for extraintestinal infections. To evaluate this possibility, 47 postweaning diarrhea (PWD) ETEC strains from different geographical origins and 158 commensal E. coli isolates from the gastrointestinal tracts of eight group-housed healthy pigs were screened for 36 extraintestinal and 18 enteric VGs using multiplex PCR assays. Of 36 extraintestinal VGs, only 8 were detected (fimH, traT, fyuA, hlyA, kpsMtII, k5, iha, and ompT) in the ETEC collection. Among these, hlyA (alpha-hemolysin) and iha (nonhemagglutinating adhesin) occurred significantly more frequently among the ETEC isolates than in the commensal isolates. Clustering analysis based on the VG profiles separated commensal and ETEC isolates and even differentiated serogroup O141 from O149. On the other hand, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) successfully clustered ETEC isolates according to both serotype and geographical origin. In contrast, the commensal isolates were heterogeneous with respect to both serotype and DNA fingerprint. This study has validated the use of VG profiling to examine pathogenic relationships between porcine ETEC isolates. The clonal relationships of these isolates can be further clarified by PFGE fingerprinting. The presence of extraintestinal VGs in porcine ETEC confirmed the hypothesis that individual virulence gene acquisitions can occur concurrently against a background of horizontal gene transfers of pathogenicity islands. Over time, this could enable specific clonotypes to respond to host selection pressure and to evolve into new strains with increased virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Yang Wu
- Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, NSW DPI, PMB 8, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia
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Vu Khac H, Holoda E, Pilipcinec E, Blanco M, Blanco JE, Mora A, Dahbi G, López C, González EA, Blanco J. Serotypes, virulence genes, and PFGE profiles of Escherichia coli isolated from pigs with postweaning diarrhoea in Slovakia. BMC Vet Res 2006; 2:10. [PMID: 16549022 PMCID: PMC1475581 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-2-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2005] [Accepted: 03/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Postweaning diarrhoea (PWD) in pigs is usually the main infectious problem of large-scale farms and is responsible for significant losses worldwide. The disease is caused mainly by enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) and Shiga-toxin producing E. coli (STEC). In this study a total of 101 E. coli isolated from pigs with PWD in Slovakia were characterized using phenotypic and genotypic methods. Results These 101 isolates belonged to 40 O:H serotypes. However, 57% of the isolates belonged to only six serotypes (O9:H51, O147:H-, O149:H10, O163:H-, ONT:H-, and ONT:H4), including two new serotypes (O163:H- and ONT:H4) not previously found among porcine ETEC and STEC isolated in other countries. Genes for EAST1, STb, STa, LT and Stx2e toxins were identified in 64%, 46%, 26%, 20%, and 5% of isolates, respectively. PCR showed that 35% of isolates carried genes for F18 colonization factor, and further analyzed by restriction endonuclease revealed that all of them were F18ac. Genes for F4 (K88), F6 (P987), F17, F5 (K99), F41, and intimin (eae gene) adhesins were detected in 19 %, 5%, 3%, 0.9%, 0.9%, and 0.9% of the isolates, respectively. The study of genetic diversity, carried out by PFGE of 46 representative ETEC and STEC isolates, revealed 36 distinct restriction profiles clustered in eight groups. Isolates of the same serotype were placed together in the dendrogram, but high degree of polymorphism among certain serotypes was detected. Conclusion Seropathotype O149:H10 LT/STb/EAST1/F4 (14 isolates) was the most commonly detected followed by O163:H- EAST1/F18 (six isolates), and ONT:H4 STa/STb/Stx2e/F18 (five isolates). Interestingly, this study shows that two new serotypes (O163:H- and ONT:H4) have emerged as pig pathogens in Slovakia. Furthermore, our results show that there is a high genetic variation mainly among ETEC of O149:H10 serotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Vu Khac
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Komenskeho 73, Slovakia
- Department of Bacteriology, Central Vietnam Veterinary Institute, km4 Dong De street, NhaTrang, Vietnam
| | - Emil Holoda
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Komenskeho 73, Slovakia
| | - Emil Pilipcinec
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Komenskeho 73, Slovakia
| | - Miguel Blanco
- Laboratorio de Referencia de E. coli, Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Jesús E Blanco
- Laboratorio de Referencia de E. coli, Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Azucena Mora
- Laboratorio de Referencia de E. coli, Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Ghizlane Dahbi
- Laboratorio de Referencia de E. coli, Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Cecilia López
- Laboratorio de Referencia de E. coli, Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | | | - Jorge Blanco
- Laboratorio de Referencia de E. coli, Departamento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
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