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Pumipuntu N, Tanee T, Thamsenanupap P, Kyes P, Karaket A, Kyes RC. Molecular Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Complex Isolated from Free-Ranging Long-Tailed Macaques at Kosumpee Forest Park, Maha Sarakham, Thailand. Trop Med Infect Dis 2023; 8:374. [PMID: 37505670 PMCID: PMC10386386 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed8070374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Staphylococcus (S.) aureus complex, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), and S. argenteus are bacterial pathogens that are responsible for both human and animal infection. However, insights into the molecular characteristics of MRSA, MSSA, and S. argenteus carriages in wildlife, especially in long-tailed macaques, rarely have been reported in Thailand. The objective of this study was to assess molecular characterization of MRSA, MSSA, and S. argenteus strains isolated from free-ranging long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) at Kosumpee Forest Park, Maha Sarakham, Thailand. A total of 21 secondary bacterial isolates (including 14 MRSA, 5 MSSA, and 2 S. argenteus) obtained from the buccal mucosa of 17 macaques were analysed by a Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to identify several virulence genes, including pvl, tst, hla, hlb clfA, spa (x-region), spa (IgG biding region), and coa. The most prevalent virulence genes were clfA, coa, and the spa IgG biding region which presented in all isolates. These data indicated that MRSA, MSSA, and S. argenteus isolates from the wild macaques at Kosumpee Forest Park possess a unique molecular profile, harbouring high numbers of virulence genes. These findings suggest that wild macaques may potentially serve as carriers for distribution of virulent staphylococcal bacteria in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natapol Pumipuntu
- One Health Research Unit, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44000, Thailand
- Veterinary Infectious Disease Research Unit, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44000, Thailand
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44000, Thailand
| | - Tawatchai Tanee
- One Health Research Unit, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44000, Thailand
- Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand
| | - Penkhae Thamsenanupap
- One Health Research Unit, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44000, Thailand
- Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44150, Thailand
| | - Pensri Kyes
- Department of Psychology, Center for Global Field Study and Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Apichat Karaket
- Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Randall C Kyes
- Departments of Psychology, Global Health, Anthropology and Center for Global Field Study, Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Saraiva MDMS, de Leon CMCG, Silva NMVD, Raso TF, Serafini PP, Givisiez PEN, Gebreyes WA, Oliveira CJBD. Staphylococcus sciuri as a Reservoir of mecA to Staphylococcus aureus in Non-Migratory Seabirds from a Remote Oceanic Island. Microb Drug Resist 2020; 27:553-561. [PMID: 32816627 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2020.0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Genomic analysis of a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain cultured from a non-migratory seabird at Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (Brazilian oceanic islands) was carried out to investigate the potential origin of MRSA genetic determinants in an ecological setting with minimal or absent antimicrobial selective pressure, and minimal interaction with humans and domestic animals. Results: The study determined mecA gene homology and the phylogenetic relatedness with mecA described in Staphylococcus sciuri, which was the major Staphylococcus spp. cultured from the birds. Our findings corroborate in silico assumptions that the mecA gene in MRSA strains clinically relevant for humans and animals originates from S. sciuri ancestors. Conclusion: Coagulase-negative staphylococci seem to be natural reservoirs of methicillin-resistant genes to S. aureus, even in environments with very low antimicrobial selection pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tânia Freitas Raso
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Pereira Serafini
- National Center for Wild Bird Conservation and Research, Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | | | - Wondwossen Abebe Gebreyes
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Global One Health Initiative, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Celso José Bruno de Oliveira
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Paraiba, Areia, Brazil.,Global One Health Initiative, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Pumipuntu N, Tunyong W, Chantratita N, Diraphat P, Pumirat P, Sookrung N, Chaicumpa W, Indrawattana N. Staphylococcus spp. associated with subclinical bovine mastitis in central and northeast provinces of Thailand. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6587. [PMID: 30886776 PMCID: PMC6421060 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Staphylococcus spp. are major cause of bovine mastitis (BM) worldwide leading to economic damage to dairy farms and public health threat. Recently, a newly emerged Staphylococcus argenteus has been found as a human and animal pathogen. Molecular characteristics, virulence and antibiotic resistant phenotypes of bacteria causing BM in Thailand are rare. This study aimed to investigated Staphylococcus spp. associated with subclinical bovine mastitis (SCM) in Thailand. Methods Milk samples were collected from 224 cows of 52 dairy herds in four central and northeast provinces. Total somatic cell counts (SCC) and California mastitis test (CMT) were used to identify SCM cows. Milk samples were cultured for Staphylococcus spp. Coagulase-positive isolates were subjected to pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Organisms suspected as S. argenteus were verified by detecting nonribosomal peptide synthetase gene. All isolates were checked for antibiograms and the presence of various virulence genes. Results From the 224 milk samples of 224 cows, 132 (59%) were positive for SCM by SCC and CMT and 229 staphylococcal isolates were recovered. They were 32 coagulase-positive (24 S. aureus and eight S. argenteus) and 197 coagulase-negative. PFGE of the S. aureus and S. argenteus revealed 11 clusters and a non-typeable pattern. MLST of representatives of the 11 PFGE clusters, three PFGE non-typeable S. aureus isolates from different locations and S. argenteus showed 12 sequence types. The eight S. argenteus isolates belonged to ST1223 (three isolates), ST2250 (two isolates), and ST2793 (two isolates). The antimicrobial tests identified 11 (46%) methicillin-resistant S. aureus and 25 (13%) methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative isolates, while seven S. argenteus were methicillin-susceptible and one isolate was methicillin-resistant. All of the 229 isolates were multiply resistant to other antibiotics. The most prevalent virulence genes of the 24 S. aureus isolates were clfA, coa and spa (X and IgG-binding region) (100%), hla (96%), pvl (96%) and sec (79%). Six S. argenteus isolates carried one enterotoxin gene each and other virulence genes including coa, clfA, hla/hlb, spa, tsst and pvl, indicating their pathogenic potential. Conclusion and perspective This is the first report on the S. argenteus from cow milk samples with SCM. Data on the molecular characteristics, virulence genes and antibiograms of the Staphylococcus spp. obtained from the present study showed a wide spread and increasing trend of methicillin-resistance and multiple resistance to other antibiotics. This suggests that the "One Health" practice should be nurtured, not only at the dairy farm level, but also at the national or even the international levels through cooperation of different sectors (dairy farmers, veterinarians, medical and public health personnel and scientists) in order to effectively combat and control the spread of these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natapol Pumipuntu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology/Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,One Health Research Unit/Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Maha Sarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand
| | - Witawat Tunyong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology/Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Narisara Chantratita
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology/Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit/Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pornphan Diraphat
- Department of Microbiology/Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pornpan Pumirat
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology/Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nitat Sookrung
- Biomedical Research Incubator Unit/Department of Research/Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wanpen Chaicumpa
- Center of Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering/Department of Parasitology/Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nitaya Indrawattana
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology/Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Momtaz H, Dehkordi FS, Rahimi E, Asgarifar A, Momeni M. Virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from chicken meat in Isfahan province, Iran. J APPL POULTRY RES 2013. [DOI: 10.3382/japr.2012-00673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Evaluation of Protein A Gene Tandem Repeat Polymorphism of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated From Bovine Mastitis in Tabriz. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2013. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.7934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Castañeda Vázquez H, Jäger S, Wolter W, Zschöck M, Castañeda Vazquez M, El-Sayed A. Isolation and identification of main mastitis pathogens in Mexico. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352013000200012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work is a large epidemiological study aiming to detect the prevalence of subclinical mastitis and to investigate the major udder pathogens in Jalisco State, western Mexico. For this purpose, 2205 dairy cows, representing 33 Mexican dairy herds, were involved. Of 2205 cows, 752 mastitic animals were diagnosed and only 2,979 milk samples could be obtained for further investigation. All 2979 milk samples were subjected to California Mastitis Test (CMT) to differentiate clinical cases from subclinical ones where 1996 samples (67 %) reacted positively. Of these, 1087 samples (54.5%) came from cows suffering from clinical cases of mastitis. Bacteriological identification of the causative agents revealed the presence of a major group of pathogens including the Coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS), S.aureus, S.agalactiae, Corynebacterium spp. and Coliform bacteria which were detected in 464 (15.6%), 175 (5.9%), 200 (6.8%), 417 (14%) and 123 (4.1%) of the 2927 investigated quarters, 295 (15.4%), 118 (15.7%), 111 (14.8%), 227 (30.2%) and 109 (14.5%) of the 752 examined cows and in 33 (100%), 22 (66.7%), 19 (57.6%), 30 (90.1%) and 27 (81.8%) of the 33 herds involved, respectively. Other pathogens could be detected in the investigated milk samples such as S. dysgalactiae (0.4%), S.uberis (0.37%), Bacillus spp. (1%), Nocardia spp. (0.6%) und Candida spp. (0.1%). Meanwhile, others were present in a negligible ratio; including the Aerococcus viridans, and Enterococcus spp., Lactococcus lactis, S. bovis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S. Jäger
- Landesbetrieb Hessisches Landeslabor, Germany
| | - W. Wolter
- Landesbetrieb Hessisches Landeslabor, Germany
| | - M. Zschöck
- Landesbetrieb Hessisches Landeslabor, Germany
| | | | - A. El-Sayed
- Landesbetrieb Hessisches Landeslabor, Germany; Cairo University, Egypt
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Yang FL, Li XS, Liang XW, Zhang XF, Qin GS, Yang BZ. Detection of virulence-associated genes in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine clinical mastitis milk samples in Guangxi. Trop Anim Health Prod 2012; 44:1821-6. [PMID: 22528531 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-012-0143-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is recognized worldwide as a pathogen causing many serious diseases in humans and animals and is one of the most common etiological agents of clinical and subclinical bovine mastitis. The purpose of this study was to determine the presence of genes encoding clfA, fnbA, fnbB, cap5, cap8, hla, hlb, nuc, sea, and tst of S. aureus strains (n = 39) isolated from bovine clinical mastitis in Guangxi by polymerase chain reaction amplification. The results of the present study indicated that all isolates were found to contain one or more virulence-associated genes. The most frequently encountered genes were fnbA (97 %) and nuc (90 %), followed by hla (85 %) and hlb (82 %), respectively. None of the investigated S. aureus strains harbored fnbB and sea genes. The data in the present study showed a relatively wide distribution of the genes fnbA and nuc among the investigated isolates, indicating that they play an important role on bovine mastitis pathogenesis. The study provides a valuable insight into the virulence-associated genes of this important pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics and Breeding, Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Peoples Republic of China
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Shuiep ES, Kanbar T, Eissa N, Alber J, Lämmler C, Zschöck M, El Zubeir IEM, Weiss R. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from raw camel milk samples. Res Vet Sci 2008; 86:211-5. [PMID: 18778841 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2008.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2008] [Revised: 07/21/2008] [Accepted: 07/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In the present study 320 milk samples collected from 160 apparently healthy camels of three different locations in Sudan were investigated for the presence of Staphylococcus aureus resulting in the isolation of this bacterial pathogen from 28 milk samples from 24 camels. Twenty-five S. aureus were identified phenotypically and by PCR mediated amplification of species-specific genes or gene segments. Investigation of the S. aureus for toxinogenic potential revealed that three S. aureus strains were positive for the enterotoxin encoding gene sec and the genes seg, sei, sem, sen and seo, representing the egc gene cluster. In addition all 25 S. aureus were positive for the superantigen-like encoding gene ssl7 (set1). Partial sequencing of gene sec of the three S. aureus strains yielded an almost complete sequence identity to the sequence of the sec variant sec2. However, all three sec2 genes of the present study showed a deletion of one base causing a frame shift and a corresponding earlier stop codon. According to the present results, the raw camel milk collected from three locations in Sudan seems to be, at least at this stage, of minor importance as vector causing staphylococcal food poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Shuiep
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Nyala, Southern Darfur, Nyala, Sudan
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Tang J, Zhou R, Shi X, Kang M, Wang H, Chen H. Two thermostable nucleases coexisted in Staphylococcus aureus: evidence from mutagenesis and in vitro expression. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2008; 284:176-83. [PMID: 18510563 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2008.01194.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermostable nuclease is known to be an important pathogenic factor unique to Staphylococcus aureus and it is commonly presumed to have had the same genetic origin. However, two ORFs in S. aureus genomes were predicted to encode nucleases. One encoded an unnamed nuclease A (SNase) (termed nuc1), and the other encoded a thermonuclease (TNase) named nuc (termed nuc2). In order to verify whether the two thermostable nuclease proteins are coexpressed in S. aureus, the nuc1 and nuc2 genes were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli, and both of the recombinant proteins showed thermostable nuclease activity in a toluidine blue-DNA assay. Furthermore, a nuc1-deleted mutant of S. aureus strain RN4220 (termed RNDeltanuc1) was successfully constructed by homologous recombination. Selection and characterization of this mutant strain revealed that it still exhibited thermostable nuclease activity, but at a relative lower level than that of the parent strain. The nucleases secreted by the parent strain and nuc1-deleted strain still showed functional activity after 30 min at 121 degrees C. The findings indicated that two types of thermostable nucleases, encoded by two different genes, coexisted in S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junni Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Kalorey DR, Shanmugam Y, Kurkure NV, Chousalkar KK, Barbuddhe SB. PCR-based detection of genes encoding virulence determinants in Staphylococcus aureus from bovine subclinical mastitis cases. J Vet Sci 2007; 8:151-4. [PMID: 17519568 PMCID: PMC2872713 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2007.8.2.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was carried out to genotypically characterize Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) isolated from bovine mastitis cases. A total of 37 strains of S. aureus were isolated during processing of 552 milk samples from 140 cows. The S. aureus strains were characterized phenotypically, and were further characterized genotypically by polymerase chain reaction using oligonucleotide primers that amplified genes encoding coagulase (coa), clumping factor (clfA), thermonuclease (nuc), enterotoxin A (entA), and the gene segments encoding the immunoglobulin G binding region and the X region of protein A gene spa. All of the isolates yielded an amplicon with a size of approximately 1,042 bp of the clfA gene. The amplification of the polymorphic spa gene segment encoding the immunoglobulin G binding region was observed in 34 isolates and X-region binding was detected in 26 isolates. Amplification of the coa gene yielded three different products in 20, 10, and 7 isolates. The amplification of the thermonuclease gene, nuc, was observed in 36 out of 37 isolates. All of the samples were negative for the entA gene. The phenotypic and genotypic findings of the present strategies might provide an understanding of the distribution of the prevalent S. aureus clones among bovine mastitis isolates, and might aid in the development of steps to control S. aureus infections in dairy herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewanand Rajaram Kalorey
- Department of Microbiology, Nagpur Veterinary College, Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences University, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
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