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Oskyrko O, Sos T, Vacheva E, Vlad SE, Cogălniceanu D, Uller T, Feiner N, Carretero MA. Unravelling the origin of the common wall lizards ( Podarcismuralis) in south-eastern Europe using mitochondrial evidence. Biodivers Data J 2022; 10:e90337. [PMID: 36761656 PMCID: PMC9836615 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.10.e90337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The origin of the common wall lizards (Podarcismuralis) populations in south-eastern Europe (namely in Bulgaria and Romania), representing the north-eastern range border of this species, was addressed using mitochondrial DNA. We compared cytochrome b sequences from Bulgaria and Romania with those from the contiguous range in Central Europe that are available from previous studies. We recorded five main haplogroups in Bulgaria and Romania, belonging to the Central Balkan clade. However, haplogroup III was recorded in more localities than previously found. Additionally, signs of haplotype admixture were identified in several populations along the Danube River. The presence of the Southern Alps haplotype in one population from Otopeni, Bucharest (Romania) and its close phylogenetic relationships to north Italy populations suggests human-mediated introductions of this wall lizard clade in Romania. Our results confirm that P.muralis can have non-native lineages and admixture through active human-mediated transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandra Oskyrko
- CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661, Vairão, PortugalCIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661VairãoPortugal,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinićná 7, 12844, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinićná 7, 12844PragueCzech Republic
| | - Tibor Sos
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, Hungarian Department of Biology and Ecology, Babeș-Bolyai University, Clinicilor Street 5–7, 400006, Cluj Napoca, RomaniaEvolutionary Ecology Group, Hungarian Department of Biology and Ecology, Babeș-Bolyai University, Clinicilor Street 5–7, 400006Cluj NapocaRomania,“Milvus Group” Bird and Nature Protection Association, 540445, Tîrgu Mureș, Romania“Milvus Group” Bird and Nature Protection Association, 540445Tîrgu MureșRomania
| | - Emiliya Vacheva
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1 Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd, 1000, Sofia, BulgariaInstitute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1 Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd, 1000SofiaBulgaria
| | - Sabina E. Vlad
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Ovidius University Constanţa, Aleea Universități 1, Campus - Corp B, 900470, Constanƫa, RomaniaFaculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Ovidius University Constanţa, Aleea Universități 1, Campus - Corp B, 900470ConstanƫaRomania,CEDMOG Center, Ovidius University Constanța, Tomis Avenue 145, Constanƫa, RomaniaCEDMOG Center, Ovidius University Constanța, Tomis Avenue 145ConstanƫaRomania,Asociația Chelonia România, 062082, Bucharest, RomaniaAsociația Chelonia România, 062082BucharestRomania
| | - Dan Cogălniceanu
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Ovidius University Constanţa, Aleea Universități 1, Campus - Corp B, 900470, Constanƫa, RomaniaFaculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Ovidius University Constanţa, Aleea Universități 1, Campus - Corp B, 900470ConstanƫaRomania,Asociația Chelonia România, 062082, Bucharest, RomaniaAsociația Chelonia România, 062082BucharestRomania
| | - Tobias Uller
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, 223 62, Lund, SwedenDepartment of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, 223 62LundSweden
| | - Nathalie Feiner
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, 223 62, Lund, SwedenDepartment of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, 223 62LundSweden
| | - Miguel A. Carretero
- CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661, Vairão, PortugalCIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661VairãoPortugal,Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, R. Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169 - 007, Porto, PortugalDepartamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, R. Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169 - 007PortoPortugal,BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661, Vairão, PortugalBIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661VairãoPortugal
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2
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Wendt M, Husemann M, Kramp K, Schmitt T. Reconstruction of forest dynamics in the Western Palaearctic based on phylogeographic analysis of the ringlet butterfly Erebia aethiops. Sci Rep 2021; 11:201. [PMID: 33420130 PMCID: PMC7794548 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79376-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Glacial refugia are centers of high biodiversity. Therefore, knowledge on their locations and reactions of associated populations and landscapes to climatic changes is crucial for conservation management. We here investigated the biogeography of a butterfly species linked to open forest habitats. Using mitochondrial and nuclear markers in combination with Bayesian simulations, we analyzed the location and age of potential glacial refugia of the species. We identified five putative refugia in Europe. Considering the ecological needs of our study species, tree density within these refugial areas, in contrast to earlier assumptions, must have exceeded the level of individually scattered trees. Our results also provide evidence that especially the refuge areas in the Carpathians were previously underestimated regarding their age: the refugia in the Southern Carpathians presented suitable conditions throughout several glacial cycles, probably since the Mindel or Riss cycles. Additionally, our analyses provided support for a forest refugium near the Tatra Mountains persisting the last glacial maximum. Our results underline the usefulness of this and probably other butterfly species as indicators of forest refugia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Wendt
- Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Systematik Und Biogeographie, Eberswalder Str. 90, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany.
| | - Martin Husemann
- Centrum Für Naturkunde, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katja Kramp
- Leibniz-Zentrum Für Agrarlandschaftsforschung (ZALF) E.V., PB 2: "Landnutzung Und Governance", AG: Biotische Interaktionen Zwischen Wald- Und Agrarflächen, Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmitt
- Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Systematik Und Biogeographie, Eberswalder Str. 90, 15374, Müncheberg, Germany
- Zoology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences I, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06099, Halle (Saale), Germany
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3
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Cassel‐Lundhagen A, Schmitt T, Wahlberg N, Sarvašová L, Konvička M, Ryrholm N, Kaňuch P. Wing morphology of the butterfly
Coenonympha arcania
in Europe: Traces of both historical isolation in glacial refugia and current adaptation. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Schmitt
- Senckenberg German Entomological Institute Müncheberg Germany
- Zoology Institute of Biology Faculty of Natural Sciences I Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany
| | | | - Lenka Sarvašová
- Institute of Forest Ecology Slovak Academy of Sciences Zvolen Slovakia
| | - Martin Konvička
- Faculty of Sciences University South Bohemia České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Nils Ryrholm
- Department of Electronics, Mathematics and Natural Sciences Faculty of Engineering and Sustainable Development University of Gävle Gävle Sweden
| | - Peter Kaňuch
- Institute of Forest Ecology Slovak Academy of Sciences Zvolen Slovakia
- Institute of Biology and Ecology Faculty of Science P. J. Šafárik University in Košice Košice Slovakia
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Paučulová L, Šemeláková M, Mutanen M, Pristaš P, Panigaj Ľ. Searching for the glacial refugia ofErebia euryale(Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) - insights from mtDNA- and nDNA-based phylogeography in the Western Carpathians. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Paučulová
- Institute of Biology and Ecology; Faculty of Science; P. J. Šafárik University in Košice; Košice Slovak Republic
| | - Martina Šemeláková
- Institute of Biology and Ecology; Faculty of Science; P. J. Šafárik University in Košice; Košice Slovak Republic
| | - Marko Mutanen
- Biodiversity Unit; Department of Genetics and Physiology; University of Oulu; Oulu Finland
| | - Peter Pristaš
- Institute of Biology and Ecology; Faculty of Science; P. J. Šafárik University in Košice; Košice Slovak Republic
| | - Ľubomír Panigaj
- Institute of Biology and Ecology; Faculty of Science; P. J. Šafárik University in Košice; Košice Slovak Republic
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Vörös J, Ursenbacher S, Kiss I, Jelić D, Schweiger S, Szabó K. Increased genetic structuring of isolatedSalamandra salamandrapopulations (Caudata: Salamandridae) at the margins of the Carpathian Mountains. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Judit Vörös
- Department of Zoology; Hungarian Natural History Museum; Budapest Hungary
- Laboratory for Molecular Taxonomy; Hungarian Natural History Museum; Budapest Hungary
| | - Sylvain Ursenbacher
- Department of Environmental Science Section of Conservation Biology; University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - István Kiss
- Department of Zoology and Animal Ecology; Szent István University; Gödöllő Hungary
| | - Dušan Jelić
- Croatian Institute for Biodiversity; Zagreb Croatia
| | | | - Krisztián Szabó
- Department of Ecology; University of Veterinary Medicine; Budapest Hungary
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6
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Junker M, Zimmermann M, Ramos AA, Gros P, Konvička M, Nève G, Rákosy L, Tammaru T, Castilho R, Schmitt T. Three in One--Multiple Faunal Elements within an Endangered European Butterfly Species. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142282. [PMID: 26566029 PMCID: PMC4643965 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ice ages within Europe forced many species to retreat to refugia, of which three major biogeographic basic types can be distinguished: "Mediterranean", "Continental" and "Alpine / Arctic" species. However, this classification often fails to explain the complex phylogeography of European species with a wide range of latitudinal and altitudinal distribution. Hence, we tested for the possibility that all three mentioned faunal elements are represented within one species. Our data was obtained by scoring 1,307 Euphydryas aurinia individuals (46 European locations) for 17 allozyme loci, and sequencing a subset of 492 individuals (21 sites) for a 626 base pairs COI fragment. Genetic diversity indices, F statistics, hierarchical analyses of molecular variance, individual-based clustering, and networks were used to explore the phylogeographic patterns. The COI fragment represented 18 haplotypes showing a strong geographic structure. All but one allozyme loci analysed were polymorphic with a mean FST of 0.20, supporting a pronounced among population structure. Interpretation of both genetic marker systems, using several analytical tools, calls for the recognition of twelve genetic groups. These analyses consistently distinguished different groups in Iberia (2), Italy, Provence, Alps (3), Slovenia, Carpathian Basin, the lowlands of West and Central Europe as well as Estonia, often with considerable additional substructures. The genetic data strongly support the hypothesis that E. aurinia survived the last glaciation in Mediterranean, extra-Mediterranean and perialpine refugia. It is thus a rare example of a model organism that combines attributes of faunal elements from all three of these sources. The observed differences between allozymes and mtDNA most likely result from recent introgression of mtDNA into nuclear allozyme groups. Our results indicate discrepancies with the morphologically-based subspecies models, underlining the need to revise the current taxonomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Junker
- Department of Biogeography, Trier University, Trier, Germany
| | - Marie Zimmermann
- Université de Tours, CNRS, UMR 6035 –IRBI, Avenue Monge, Parc Grandmont, Tours, France
| | - Ana A. Ramos
- Centre of Marine Sciences, CCMAR/CIMAR Associate Laboratory, University of Algarve, Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Patrick Gros
- Haus der Natur, Museum für Natur und Technik, Museumsplatz 5, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Martin Konvička
- School of Biological Sciences, University South Bohemia, Branisovska 31, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriel Nève
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d’Ecologie marine et continentale, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Avignon Université, Case 36, 3 place Victor Hugo, Marseille Cedex 3, France
| | - László Rákosy
- Faculty of Biology, University Babes-Bolyai, Str. Clinicilor 5–7, Cluj, Romania
| | - Toomas Tammaru
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Rita Castilho
- Centre of Marine Sciences, CCMAR/CIMAR Associate Laboratory, University of Algarve, Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Thomas Schmitt
- Department of Biogeography, Trier University, Trier, Germany
- Senckenberg German Entomological Institute, Eberswalder Straße 90, Müncheberg, Germany
- Zoology, Institute of Biology, Faculty Natural Science I, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- * E-mail:
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7
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Gratton P, Trucchi E, Trasatti A, Riccarducci G, Marta S, Allegrucci G, Cesaroni D, Sbordoni V. Testing Classical Species Properties with Contemporary Data: How “Bad Species” in the Brassy Ringlets (Erebia tyndaruscomplex, Lepidoptera) Turned Good. Syst Biol 2015; 65:292-303. [DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syv087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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Proshek B, Dupuis JR, Engberg A, Davenport K, Opler PA, Powell JA, Sperling FAH. Genetic evaluation of the evolutionary distinctness of a federally endangered butterfly, Lange's Metalmark. BMC Evol Biol 2015; 15:73. [PMID: 25907684 PMCID: PMC4427997 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-015-0354-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Mormon Metalmark (Apodemia mormo) species complex occurs as isolated and phenotypically variable colonies in dryland areas across western North America. Lange’s Metalmark, A. m. langei, one of the 17 subspecies taxonomically recognized in the complex, is federally listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act of 1973. Metalmark taxa have traditionally been described based on phenotypic and ecological characteristics, and it is unknown how well this nomenclature reflects their genetic and evolutionary distinctiveness. Genetic variation in six microsatellite loci and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I sequence was used to assess the population structure of the A. mormo species complex across 69 localities, and to evaluate A. m. langei’s qualifications as an Evolutionarily Significant Unit. Results We discovered substantial genetic divergence within the species complex, especially across the Continental Divide, with population genetic structure corresponding more closely with geographic proximity and local isolation than with taxonomic divisions originally based on wing color and pattern characters. Lange’s Metalmark was as genetically divergent as several other locally isolated populations in California, and even the unique phenotype that warranted subspecific and conservation status is reminiscent of the morphological variation found in some other populations. Conclusions This study is the first genetic treatment of the A. mormo complex across western North America and potentially provides a foundation for reassessing the taxonomy of the group. Furthermore, these results illustrate the utility of molecular markers to aid in demarcation of biological units below the species level. From a conservation point of view, Apodemia mormo langei’s diagnostic taxonomic characteristics may, by themselves, not support its evolutionary significance, which has implications for its formal listing as an Endangered Species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-015-0354-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Proshek
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Julian R Dupuis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Anna Engberg
- Essig Museum of Entomology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Ken Davenport
- C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Paul A Opler
- C.P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Jerry A Powell
- Essig Museum of Entomology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Felix A H Sperling
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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Linn CA, Griebeler EM. Reconstruction of two colonisation pathways of Mantis religiosa (Mantodea) in Germany using four mitochondrial markers. Genetica 2014; 143:11-20. [PMID: 25500950 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-014-9806-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Past and recent climatic changes induced shifts in species ranges. Mantis religiosa has also expanded its range across Germany within the past decades. To determine the ancestry of German M. religiosa we sequenced four mitochondrial genes (COI, COII, Cyt b, ND4) of European M. religiosa populations. We found an east, central and west European lineage of M. religiosa. These distinct lineages are consistent with genetic isolation by distance during glacial periods, and the re-colonization of northern parts of Europe by species from different refugia. Within Germany, we found haplotypes clustering to the central and west European lineage suggesting that M. religiosa immigrated from two directions into Germany. Mismatch distributions, and negative Tajima's D and Fu's Fs values indicate a current range expansion of the central and west European lineage. We hypothesise that ongoing global warming which increases the availability of thermally favourable areas in Germany for M. religiosa adds to its current range expansion. In conclusion, M. religiosa colonized Germany via two directions: west German populations descended from French populations and east German populations from Czech populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Anne Linn
- Department of Ecology, University of Mainz, Johann-Joachim-Becherweg 13, 55128, Mainz, Germany,
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10
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Besold J, Schmitt T. More northern than ever thought: refugia of the Woodland Ringlet butterflyErebia medusa(Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) in Northern Central Europe. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Besold
- Department of Biogeography; Trier University; D-54286 Trier Germany
| | - Thomas Schmitt
- Department of Biogeography; Trier University; D-54286 Trier Germany
- Senckenberg German Entomological Institute; D-15374 Muencheberg Germany
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11
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Marques JF, Wang HL, Svensson GP, Frago E, Anderbrant O. Genetic divergence and evidence for sympatric host-races in the highly polyphagous brown tail moth, Euproctis chrysorrhoea (Lepidoptera: Erebidae). Evol Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-014-9701-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Louy D, Habel JC, Ulrich W, Schmitt T. Out of the alps: the biogeography of a disjunctly distributed mountain butterfly, the almond-eyed ringlet Erebia alberganus (Lepidoptera, Satyrinae). J Hered 2013; 105:28-38. [PMID: 24286723 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/est081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies on the biogeography of thermophilic and arctic-alpine species were performed during the past. Only little is known about species with intermediate characteristics. We analyzed the molecular biogeography of the butterfly Erebia alberganus (30 populations, representing 1106 individuals), sampled over the Alps, Apennines (Italy), and the Stara Planina (Bulgaria) using allozyme electrophoresis (17 loci). Genetic analyses revealed 3 major splits, with the strongest between the Stara Planina populations and all other populations, and a weaker split between the Alps and the Apennines. Individuals from the Apennines were genetically nested within the Alps group. The Alps cluster was segregated into 3 groups: the Southwestern, Western/Central, and Eastern Alps. The genetic diversities were highest for the Alps populations and significantly lower in the 2 isolates (Apennines, Stara Planina). The remarkable genetic split between Stara Planina and all other populations and the genetic distinctiveness of the former cluster might be interpreted as an ancient colonization event of this Balkan mountain range. The Apennines populations derive from a more recent expansion out of the Southwestern Alps. After surviving the Würm ice age most probably in the central Apennines, accompanied by genetic modification of some of these populations, northward expansion might have started from the western parts of the central Apennines reaching the northern Apennines during the early postglacial. The subtle genetic differentiation found among the Alps populations probably reflects 3 geographically disjunct Würm glacial centers located at the western slopes of the Southwestern Alps, at the southern slopes of the Central Alps, and in the Southeastern Alps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Louy
- the Department of Biogeography, Trier University, Universitätsring 15, D-54286 Trier, Germany
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Louy D, Habel JC, Abadjiev S, Schmitt T. Genetic legacy from past panmixia: high genetic variability and low differentiation in disjunct populations of the Eastern Large Heath butterfly. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Louy
- Department of Biogeography; Trier University; D-54286; Trier; Germany
| | - Jan Christian Habel
- Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management; Technische Universität München; D-85350; Freising-Weihenstephan; Germany
| | - Stanislav Abadjiev
- National Museum of Natural History; Bulgarian Academy of Sciences; BG-1000; Sofia; Bulgaria
| | - Thomas Schmitt
- Department of Biogeography; Trier University; D-54286; Trier; Germany
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Salvi D, Harris DJ, Kaliontzopoulou A, Carretero MA, Pinho C. Persistence across Pleistocene ice ages in Mediterranean and extra-Mediterranean refugia: phylogeographic insights from the common wall lizard. BMC Evol Biol 2013; 13:147. [PMID: 23841475 PMCID: PMC3711914 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-13-147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pleistocene climatic oscillations have played a major role in structuring present-day biodiversity. The southern Mediterranean peninsulas have long been recognized as major glacial refugia, from where Northern Europe was post-glacially colonized. However, recent studies have unravelled numerous additional refugia also in northern regions. We investigated the phylogeographic pattern of the widespread Western Palaearctic lizard Podarcis muralis, using a range-wide multilocus approach, to evaluate whether it is concordant with a recent expansion from southern glacial refugia or alternatively from a combination of Mediterranean and northern refugia. RESULTS We analyzed DNA sequences of two mitochondrial (cytb and nd4) and three nuclear (acm4, mc1r, and pdc) gene fragments in individuals from 52 localities across the species range, using phylogenetic and phylogeographic methods. The complex phylogeographic pattern observed, with 23 reciprocally monophyletic allo- parapatric lineages having a Pleistocene divergence, suggests a scenario of long-term isolation in multiple ice-age refugia across the species distribution range. Multiple lineages were identified within the three Mediterranean peninsulas - Iberia, Italy and the Balkans - where the highest genetic diversity was observed. Such an unprecedented phylogeographic pattern - here called "refugia within all refugia" - compasses the classical scenario of multiple southern refugia. However, unlike the southern refugia model, various distinct lineages were also found in northern regions, suggesting that additional refugia in France, Northern Italy, Eastern Alps and Central Balkans allowed the long-term persistence of this species throughout Pleistocene glaciations. CONCLUSIONS The phylogeography of Podarcis muralis provides a paradigm of temperate species survival in Mediterranean and extra-Mediterranean glacial refugia. Such refugia acted as independent biogeographic compartments for the long-term persistence of this species, for the differentiation of its genetic lineages, and for the short-distance post-glacial re-colonization of neighbouring areas. This finding echoes previous findings from recent phylogeographic studies on species from temperate ecoregions, thus suggesting the need for a reappraisal of the role of northern refugia for glacial persistence and post-glacial assembly of Holarctic biota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Salvi
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal.
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Schmitt T, Varga Z. Extra-Mediterranean refugia: The rule and not the exception? Front Zool 2012; 9:22. [PMID: 22953783 PMCID: PMC3462695 DOI: 10.1186/1742-9994-9-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Some decades ago, biogeographers distinguished three major faunal types of high importance for Europe: (i) Mediterranean elements with exclusive glacial survival in the Mediterranean refugia, (ii) Siberian elements with glacial refugia in the eastern Palearctic and only postglacial expansion to Europe and (iii) arctic and/or alpine elements with large zonal distributions in the periglacial areas and postglacial retreat to the North and/or into the high mountain systems. Genetic analyses have unravelled numerous additional refugia both of continental and Mediterranean species, thus strongly modifying the biogeographical view of Europe. This modified notion is particularly true for the so-called Siberian species, which in many cases have not immigrated into Europe during the postglacial period, but most likely have survived the last, or even several glacial phases, in extra-Mediterranean refugia in some climatically favourable but geographically limited areas of southern Central and Eastern Europe. Recently, genetic analyses revealed that typical Mediterranean species have also survived the Last Glacial Maximum in cryptic northern refugia (e.g. in the Carpathians or even north of the Alps) in addition to their Mediterranean refuge areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schmitt
- Biogeography, Trier University, D - 54 286, Trier, Germany.
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KEYSER RIENDE, SHREEVE TIMG, BREUKER CASPERJ, HAILS ROSEMARYS, SCHMITT THOMAS. Polyommatus icarus butterflies in the British Isles: evidence for a bottleneck. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2012.01925.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Vila M, Marí-Mena N, Guerrero A, Schmitt T. Some butterflies do not care much about topography: a single genetic lineage of Erebia euryale (Nymphalidae) along the northern Iberian mountains. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0469.2010.00587.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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