1
|
Bunyaratavej S, Ongsri P, Jirawattanadon P, Buranaporn P, Prasong W, Panyawong C, Plengpanich A, Leeyaphan C. A resurgence of tinea cruris caused by Epidermophyton floccosum: An outbreak among Thai naval cadets. J Mycol Med 2024; 34:101457. [PMID: 38056349 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2023.101457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A decreasing trend in tinea cruris caused by Epidermophyton floccosum, an anthropophilic dermatophyte, has been observed. METHODS This retrospective study involved Thai naval cadets aged 18 years or older with suspected groin lesions. Both clinical evaluations and laboratory investigations were conducted. RESULTS In total, 86 male participants with a median age of 19 years who presented with groin rash were enrolled in the study. Branching septate hyphae from KOH examination were found in 55 patients (64.0 %). Fungal identifications were Epidermophyton floccosum (42 cases; 76.4 %), Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex (3 cases; 5.5 %), and no growth (10 cases; 18.2 %). An E. floccosum outbreak was identified, with a prevalence of 76.4 %. Most lesions exhibited admixed erythema and hyperpigmentation. Approximately two-thirds displayed prominent, easily visible scaling. Scrotal involvement was absent in 95.2 % of lesions, with 87.2 % presenting bilaterally. A gradual symptom onset lasting up to 2 months was observed in 78.9 % of cases. Lesion morphologies included annular (73.8 %), patchy (14.3 %), and polycyclic (9.5 %). Severe itching disrupting daily activities was reported by only 7.1 % of participants. Approximately two-thirds used over-the-counter (OTC) topical medications without consulting a physician. Risk factors related to clothing included sharing clothes (59.5 %), wearing sweaty clothes (100 %), and reusing unwashed clothes (81.0 %). CONCLUSIONS The E. floccosum tinea cruris outbreak among naval cadets was characterized by a gradual onset and mild symptoms. OTC medication use without physician consultation was prevalent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumanas Bunyaratavej
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | - Punyawee Ongsri
- Naval Medical Department, Queen Sirikit Hospital, Royal Thai Navy, Thailand
| | - Pattriya Jirawattanadon
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | - Panyapat Buranaporn
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | - Waranyoo Prasong
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | - Chatisa Panyawong
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | - Akkarapong Plengpanich
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand
| | - Charussri Leeyaphan
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Anderson BJ, Wilz L, Peterson A. The Identification and Treatment of Common Skin Infections. J Athl Train 2023; 58:502-510. [PMID: 35984712 PMCID: PMC10496455 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-0142.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Skin conditions are a common problem addressed by medical providers. Up to 25% of individuals in the United States will seek attention for these conditions each year. The same problem occurs in the athletic training room, where athletes with infectious skin conditions can be seen. Most conditions are simple and can be treated without concern for spread to susceptible athletes. However, others can be quite serious and spread rapidly through a team and opponents during competition. Knowledge of the different types of skin infections is necessary to help treat these athletes and prevent spread to others. With proper diagnosis and treatment, certified athletic trainers can keep the athlete off the field of play for a minimum period and prevent transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B. J. Anderson
- Boynton Health Service, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
- Medical Director of Sports Medicine, Augsburg University, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Logan Wilz
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City
| | - Andrew Peterson
- Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa, Iowa City
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tinea Gladiatorum: Epidemiology, Clinical Aspects, and Management. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11144066. [PMID: 35887830 PMCID: PMC9315553 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11144066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tinea gladiatorum (TG) is a fungal skin infection that occurs among wrestlers and other contact sport athletes with a varied prevalence rate. The most common causative factor responsible as well for local outbreaks of the infection is an anthropophilic dermatophyte species—Trichophyton tonsurans (T. tonsurans). The purpose of this study was to gather current data about TG, including epidemiology, possible diagnosing methods, clinical features, treatment approaches, and potential prevention techniques. We also performed a systematic review of studies describing TG incidence. The prevalence of the disease varied from 2.4% up to 100%. That wide range of variability forces medical practitioners to update knowledge about TG and points to the fact that it still may be a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Spreading awareness among athletes and trainers is one of the most important preventive steps.
Collapse
|
4
|
Osman M, Kasir D, Rafei R, Kassem II, Ismail MB, El Omari K, Dabboussi F, Cazer C, Papon N, Bouchara JP, Hamze M. Trends in the epidemiology of dermatophytosis in the Middle East and North Africa region. Int J Dermatol 2021; 61:935-968. [PMID: 34766622 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.15967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Dermatophytosis corresponds to a broad series of infections, mostly superficial, caused by a group of keratinophilic and keratinolytic filamentous fungi called dermatophytes. These mycoses are currently considered to be a major public health concern worldwide, particularly in developing countries such as those in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Here we compiled and discussed existing epidemiologic data on these infections in the MENA region. Most of the available studies were based on conventional diagnostic strategies and were published before the last taxonomic revision of dermatophytes. This has led to misidentifications, which might have resulted in the underestimation of the real burden of these infections in the MENA countries. Our analysis of the available literature highlights an urgent need for further studies based on reliable diagnostic tools and standard susceptibility testing methods for dermatophytosis, which represents a major challenge for these countries. This is crucial for guiding appropriate interventions and activating antifungal stewardship programs in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marwan Osman
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon.,Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Dalal Kasir
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Rayane Rafei
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Issmat I Kassem
- Center for Food Safety and Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, USA
| | - Mohamad Bachar Ismail
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon.,Faculty of Science, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Khaled El Omari
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon.,Quality Control Center Laboratories, Chamber of Commerce, Industry, and Agriculture of Tripoli and North Lebanon, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Fouad Dabboussi
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Casey Cazer
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Nicolas Papon
- Univ Angers, Univ Brest, GEIHP, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
| | | | - Monzer Hamze
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
Tinea corporis gladiatorum (TCG) is a variety of tinea corporis transmitted by repeated and close skin contacts among athletes, in particular wrestlers and judokas. Trichophyton tonsurans is the most frequently isolated dermatophyte. Cases of TCG were reported in USA, Iran, Japan, Turkey and France, where wrestling or judo are popular. No cases of TCG were reported in Italy. The typical clinical presentation of tinea corporis is not always present in TCG: a bacterial folliculitis-like appearance is not rare. Fluconazole is the therapy of choice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Veraldi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi, Milan, Italy -
| | - Davide Valentini
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea G Faraci
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Foundation IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Università degli Studi, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bonifaz A, Araiza J, Tirado Sánchez A, Barbosa Zamora A, Gómez Sáenz A, Méndez Juárez A. Tinea gladiatorum due to Trichophyton tonsurans in a school wrestling team in Mexico: A case series. Curr Med Mycol 2021; 6:62-65. [PMID: 34195462 PMCID: PMC8226048 DOI: 10.18502/cmm.6.4.5439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Tinea gladiatorum is a type of dermatophytosis that occurs in combat athletes, such as wrestlers and judo fighters, as a result of Trichophyton species. Herein, we aimed to present a small outbreak of tinea gladiatorum in a high school in Mexico. Materials and Methods: Seven individuals belonging to the school fighting team were mycologically studied with direct examinations and cultures. In four cases, T. tonsurans was isolated and identified by morphological and proteomic methods (Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization- time-of-flight mass spectrometry). Out of the four subjects, two cases had clinical lesions presented as tinea corporis, and two cases were healthy carriers. Trichophyton tonsurans was also isolated from one of the four training mats (25%). All positive patients were treated with systemic or topical antifungals and achieved clinical and mycological cure. Conclusion: We report the first outbreak of tinea gladiatorum caused by T. tonsurans among a group of high school wrestlers in Mexico.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandro Bonifaz
- Dermatology Service, Department of Mycology, Hospital General de México "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Javier Araiza
- Dermatology Service, Department of Mycology, Hospital General de México "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Andrés Tirado Sánchez
- Dermatology Service, Department of Mycology, Hospital General de México "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adriana Barbosa Zamora
- Dermatology Service, Department of Mycology, Hospital General de México "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alexander Gómez Sáenz
- Dermatology Service, Department of Mycology, Hospital General de México "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Andrea Méndez Juárez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital General de México "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga", Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kermani F, Javidnia J, Hedayati MT, Abastabar M, Haghani I, Didehdar M, Fami Zaghrami M, Shokohi T. In vitro activities of antifungal drugs against a large collection of Trichophyton tonsurans isolated from wrestlers. Mycoses 2020; 63:1321-1330. [PMID: 32854165 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trichophyton tonsurans is the most common agent causing tinea gladiatorum in wrestlers, and limited data on susceptibility profiles of Trichophyton tonsurans are available. OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess the in vitro activity of the common antifungal drug against a large collection of T tonsurans. MATERIALS/METHODS The in vitro activities to eight common antifungal drugs (sertaconazole, itraconazole, clotrimazole, fluconazole, butenafine, tolnaftate, terbinafine and griseofulvin) against 128 clinical isolates of T tonsurans strains, obtained from wrestlers with dermatophytosis, were performed according to CLSI M38-A2 broth microdilution document. RESULTS The geometric mean minimum inhibitory concentration was the lowest for tolnaftate (0.022 µg/mL), followed by itraconazole (0.026 µg/mL), terbinafine (0.033 µg/mL), butenafine (0.088 µg/mL), griseofulvin (0.566 µg/mL), sertaconazole (2.875 µg/mL), clotrimazole (3.419 µg/mL) and fluconazole (12.540 µg/mL). CONCLUSIONS Evaluation of antifungal susceptibility of dermatophytes showed that tolnaftate and itraconazole were the most effective drugs against T tonsurans and fluconazole had the least effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Firoozeh Kermani
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Javad Javidnia
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad T Hedayati
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahdi Abastabar
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Iman Haghani
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Didehdar
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | | | - Tahereh Shokohi
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kermani F, Moosazadeh M, Hedayati MT, Abastabar M, Haghani I, Aghili SR, Shokohi T. Molecular epidemiology of Tinea gladiatorum in contact sports in northern Iran. Mycoses 2020; 63:509-516. [PMID: 32096252 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tinea gladiatorum as the major health concern among combat athletes and the most common cause of a decrease in the quality of their sports activities. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the molecular epidemiology of tinea gladiatorum in contact sports in Mazandaran Province, Northern Iran. MATERIALS/METHODS In total, 631 suspected athletes out of 4240 ones were screened for tinea gladiatorum in this cross-sectional study from May 2018 to February 2019. The infection was confirmed by direct microscopy and culture tests. The causative agents were identified by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method on ITS rDNA region. The indoor environmental factors were evaluated in 81 sports halls in terms of temperature (°C), humidity (%), density (m2 /athletes) and the number of ventilators. RESULTS Tinea gladiatorum was confirmed in 6.5% (278/4240) of the athletes. Tinea corporis was the most common type of tinea (192/278; 69.0%), and 175 cases (27.7%) had more than one type of tinea. Moreover, Trichophyton tonsurans (192/203; 94.5%) was the most aetiological agent in all athletes followed by Microsporum canis (6/203; 2.9%), Trichophyton rubrum (2/203; 0.9%) and Trichophyton interdigitale (1/203; 0.4%). There was no significant association between the prevalence of tinea gladiatorum and the indoor environmental factors. CONCLUSION T. tonsurans is the most common agent of tinea gladiatorum in Northern Iran. Since no positive culture of dermatophyte was obtained from mats, it seems that skin-to-skin contact would be the most probable mode of transmission among wrestlers. Accordingly, periodical checkups should be considered by health care providers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Firoozeh Kermani
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahmood Moosazadeh
- Health Science Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad T Hedayati
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahdi Abastabar
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Iman Haghani
- Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Aghili
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Tahereh Shokohi
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kermani F, Moosazadeh M, Hosseini SA, Bandalizadeh Z, Barzegari S, Shokohi T. Tinea Gladiatorum and Dermatophyte Contamination Among Wrestlers and in Wrestling Halls: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Curr Microbiol 2019; 77:602-611. [DOI: 10.1007/s00284-019-01816-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
10
|
|
11
|
Mitchell JJ, Jackson JM, Anwar A, Singleton SB. Bacterial Sport-Related Skin and Soft-Tissue Infections (SSTIs): An Ongoing Problem Among a Diverse Range of Athletes. JBJS Rev 2019; 5:01874474-201701000-00002. [PMID: 28135229 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.rvw.16.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin J Mitchell
- 1The Steadman Clinic and Steadman Philippon Research Institute, Vail, Colorado2Division of Dermatology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky3CLn Skin Care, Top MD Skin Care, Dallas, Texas
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Davies HD, Jackson MA, Rice SG, Byington CL, Maldonado YA, Barnett ED, Campbell JD, Lynfield R, Munoz FM, Nolt D, Nyquist AC, O’Leary S, Rathore MH, Sawyer MH, Steinbach WJ, Tan TQ, Zaoutis TE, LaBella CR, Brooks MA, Canty GS, Diamond A, Hennrikus W, Logan K, Moffatt KA, Nemeth B, Pengel B, Peterson A, Stricker P. Infectious Diseases Associated With Organized Sports and Outbreak Control. Pediatrics 2017; 140:peds.2017-2477. [PMID: 28947608 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2017-2477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Participation in organized sports has a variety of health benefits but also has the potential to expose the athlete to a variety of infectious diseases, some of which may produce outbreaks. Major risk factors for infection include skin-to-skin contact with athletes who have active skin infections, environmental exposures and physical trauma, and sharing of equipment and contact with contaminated fomites. Close contact that is intrinsic to team sports and psychosocial factors associated with adolescence are additional risks. Minimizing risk requires leadership by the organized sports community (including the athlete's primary care provider) and depends on outlining key hygiene behaviors, recognition, diagnosis, and treatment of common sports-related infections, and the implementation of preventive interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H. Dele Davies
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Mary Anne Jackson
- Infectious Diseases, Children’s Mercy Kansas City and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri; and
| | - Stephen G. Rice
- Sports Medicine, Jersey Shore University Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Neptune, New Jersey
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Because of high exposure (e. g. swimmers and athletes competing on mats) and disposition (e. g. microtraumata of the skin in runners) athletes are prone to a higher risk for mycotic infections by dermatophytes. In disciplines with close contact during competition-especially wrestlers and judoists-infections by the anthropophilic Trichophyton (T.) tonsurans are most important (tinea gladiatorum). These infections are highly contagious and often cause small epidemics especially if the primary source of infection is not promptly recognized. The environment of the athletes (e. g. mats) and asymptomatic carriers may be sources of further spread. Tinea pedis with its clinical manifestations seems to be often underdiagnosed and insufficiently treated. Environmental contamination by fungal spores may be responsible for the significantly higher level of mycotic infections of the feet in children and adolescents active in sports. There is a higher risk for spread of the infection to the toe nails (onychomycosis) and for consecutive infections by bacteria (e. g. erysipelas). More rarely infections by zoophilic or geophilic dermatophytes are seen in athletes (e.g. equestrians). Education and more intensive measures of prevention and environmental decontamination are essential for all dermatophytoses associated with sports.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Mayser
- , Hofmannstr. 11, 35444, Biebertal, Deutschland.
| | - W Handrick
- Institut für Medizinische Diagnostik Oderland, Frankfurt (Oder), Deutschland
| | - P Nenoff
- Labor für medizinische Mikrobiologie, Mölbis, Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
McClanahan C, Wanat K. Tinea corporis in a wrestling team cheerleader. Int J Womens Dermatol 2016; 2:143-144. [PMID: 28492027 PMCID: PMC5418960 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - K Wanat
- Department of Dermatology, University of Iowa
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Shadzi S, Ataei B, Nokhodian Z, Daneshmand D. Dermatophytes contamination of wrestling mats in sport centers of Isfahan, Iran. Adv Biomed Res 2014; 3:241. [PMID: 25538927 PMCID: PMC4260269 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.145747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shahla Shadzi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Behrooz Ataei
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zary Nokhodian
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Dana Daneshmand
- Nosocomial Infection Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lagier L, Machet L, Poisson DM, Estève E. Épidémie de dermatophytoses chez les judokas du pôle France d’Orléans : étude prospective 2006/2011 et évaluation de l’efficacité des mesures instaurées en 2004/2005. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2012.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
17
|
Döğen A, Gümral R, Oksüz Z, Kaplan E, Serin MS, Ilkit M. Epidemiology of dermatophytosis in junior combat and non-combat sports participants. Mycoses 2012; 56:95-100. [PMID: 22621172 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2012.02209.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Participation in competitive sports is popular and widely encouraged worldwide. Herein, we investigated 252 male and 67 female sports players, aged 16.4 ± 1.3 years, active in 15 different types of combat (n = 143) and non-combat (n = 176) sports. Of the 319 participants in this study, 11 (3.5%) players, including six wrestlers, four football players and one handball player, all of whom were men, harboured dermatophytic fungi. Briefly, Trichophyton tonsurans was present in three athletes, who were scalp carriers of the fungus. Furthermore, T. rubrum (4), T. interdigitale (3) and Arthroderma simii (1) were recovered from eight participants with tinea inguinalis (4), tinea pedis (2) or both (1). One patient was a trunk carrier of concomitant tinea pedis. All dermatophytic fungi were identified using both direction sequence of the rDNA regions spanning the internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) and 5.8 rRNA gene. Although sports-active individuals are active and sweat more, we observed a low prevalence of dermatophytosis, both in combat (5.2%) and non-combat sports participants (3.4%) (P > 0.05). However, dermatophyte infections require more attention and appropriate management to eradicate the infection and to prevent possible outbreaks. This study also documents the first case of zoophilic A. simii in Turkey.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Döğen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mersin, Mersin, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Néji S, Makni F, Cheikrouhou F, Sellami H, Trabelsi H, Marrakchi S, Boudaya S, Turki H, Ayadi A. Les dermatomycoses à Trichophyton verrucosum à Sfax–Tunisie. J Mycol Med 2011; 21:198-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2011.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
19
|
Trichophyton tonsurans scalp carriage among wrestlers in a national competition in Turkey. Mycopathologia 2011; 172:215-22. [PMID: 21472391 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-011-9421-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Trichophyton tonsurans tinea gladiatorum is an emerging epidemic among combat-sport athletes across the globe. In the present study, we investigated the prevalence of symptomatic and asymptomatic dermatophytic infections among wrestlers in the National Greco-Roman Championship in Turkey. In total, 194 wrestlers from 32 provinces and 72 clubs were examined for scalp, trunk, groin, and toe web dermatophytic infections. We also administered a questionnaire to obtain information on the participants' lifestyles, wrestling characteristics, and risk factors for dermatophytic infections. The hairbrush method was used for scalp and trunk sampling, whereas a cotton swab was used for groin, toe web, and mat sampling. Three wrestling mats in the gymnasium were surveyed for dermatophytes using the touch preparation method. A total of 17 (8.8%) wrestlers harbored dermatophytes, and 22 strains were isolated: 13 (59.1%) T. tonsurans and 9 (40.9%) T. rubrum. These isolates were found on the scalp (8), trunk (2), forearm (1), hand (1), groin (3), and feet (7). In addition, we recovered 8 dermatophyte strains from the 150 mat samples (5.3%): T. rubrum in 6 samples (75%) and T. tonsurans in two samples (25%). T. tonsurans was only recovered from 11 out of 194 (5.7%) wrestlers. Scalp carriage represents the predominant (72.7%) clinical picture of a T. tonsurans infection in these Greco-Roman wrestlers in Turkey.
Collapse
|