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Qamar AY, Mahiddine FY, Bang S, Fang X, Shin ST, Kim MJ, Cho J. Extracellular Vesicle Mediated Crosstalk Between the Gametes, Conceptus, and Female Reproductive Tract. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:589117. [PMID: 33195625 PMCID: PMC7661581 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.589117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediated intracellular communication plays an imperative role in the proper completion of different physiological events. Most of the bio-fluids are enriched with several subpopulations of EVs including exosomes and microvesicles (MVs), with the capacity of transferring different functional molecules (lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids) to target cells. Recipient cells upon receiving the signal molecules undergo different changes that positively affect the structural and functional integrity of the cells. This article was aimed to highlight the role of EVs secreted by gametes, the female reproductive tract, and the growing conceptus in the successful completion of different reproductive events related to gestation. EVs associated with the reproductive system are actively involved in the regulation of different physiological events including gamete maturation, fertilization, and embryo and fetal development. In the reproductive system, EVs mediated intracellular communication is not unidirectional but is rather regulated through crosstalk between the reproductive tract and the growing conceptus. These vesicles are secreted from the ovary, oviductal epithelium, endometrium, developing embryo, and the placenta. The cargo inside these vesicles exerts pleiotropic effects on both maternal and embryonic environments. A better understanding of the EVs-mediated crosstalk will be helpful in the development of useful tools serving both the diagnostic as well as therapeutic needs related to female fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Yar Qamar
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang, Sub-Campus University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Feriel Yasmine Mahiddine
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seonggyu Bang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Xun Fang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sang Tae Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jongki Cho
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
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A microwell culture system that allows group culture and is compatible with human single media. J Assist Reprod Genet 2018; 35:1869-1880. [PMID: 29998386 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-018-1252-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE A microwell culture system that facilitates group culture, such as well-of-the-well (WOW), improves embryonic development in an individual culture. We examined the effect of WOW on embryonic development in vitro with commercially available human single culture media. METHODS Using four different commercial human single culture media, in vitro development and imprinted gene expression of bovine embryos cultured in WOW were compared to droplet culture (one zygote per drop). To determine the effects of microwell and group culture on embryonic development, different numbers of embryos were cultured in droplet or WOW. Diffusion simulation of accumulating metabolites was conducted using the finite volume method. RESULTS WOW had a positive effect on bovine embryonic development, regardless of the type of single culture media. Imprinted gene expression was not different between droplet- and WOW-derived blastocysts. The microwell and group cultures in WOW showed a significant positive effect on the rate of total blastocysts and the rate of development to the expanded and hatching blastocyst stages. The assumed cumulative metabolite concentration of WOW with one embryo was 1.47 times higher than that of droplet culture with one embryo. Furthermore, the concentration of WOW with three embryos was 1.54 times higher than that of WOW with one embryo. CONCLUSIONS In using human single culture media, a microwell culture system that allows group culture could be a powerful clinical tool for improving the success of assisted reproductive technologies.
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In Vitro Culture of Single Bovine Embryos with Microwell Plates Made of Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Cured under Low Pressure. Int J Biomater 2018; 2018:7546986. [PMID: 29977297 PMCID: PMC6011063 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7546986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Single embryo culture is useful for assessing the developmental competence of an embryo in detail. Recently, a device made of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), which is biocompatible and nontoxic, has been widely used for culture various types of cells. However, PDMS plates are porous, causing the serious osmolality increment of the medium (over 600 mOsm/kg from Day 4 to Day 7). Here, we report that curing the PDMS under low pressure (LP-PDMS) greatly reduced the porosity, resulting in a constant osmolality of the medium. The blastocyst rate of single bovine embryos cultured with LP-PDMS microwell (MW) plates was the same as that of group-cultured embryos (25 embryos/50 μl droplet; control, P>0.05). These results indicate that MWs on a plate made of PDMS cured under low pressure can be successfully used for individual embryo culture.
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Hashiyada Y. The contribution of efficient production of monozygotic twins to beef cattle breeding. J Reprod Dev 2017; 63:527-538. [PMID: 29033399 PMCID: PMC5735263 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2017-096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Production of sires with high breeding potential is indispensable for prompt and reliable breeding using their semen in the cattle industry. Currently, in Japan, we aim to further the production of Japanese black sires via a new
breeding system that uses genetically homologous monozygotic twins so that better growth performance and carcass traits can be translated to the increased production of beef with higher economic value. Several studies have
reported that monozygotic twins are produced by embryo bisection. On the other hand, with the evolution and stabilization of in vitro fertilization technology, it has become possible to produce multiple
monozygotic twin calves from blastomeres separated from a cleavage-stage embryo. This review attempts to clarify breeding practices through revalidation of the factors that affect the production efficiency of monozygotic twin
calves by embryo bisection. Furthermore, the establishment of a system for monozygotic twin embryo production via the simplified technique of blastomere separation is reviewed while showing data from our previously performed
studies.
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Catteeuw M, Wydooghe E, Mullaart E, Knijn HM, Van Soom A. In vitro production of bovine embryos derived from individual donors in the Corral ® dish. Acta Vet Scand 2017; 59:41. [PMID: 28619101 PMCID: PMC5472863 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-017-0309-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Since the identity of the embryo is of outmost importance during commercial in vitro embryo production, bovine oocytes and embryos have to be cultured strictly per donor. Due to the rather low yield of oocytes collected after ovum pick-up (OPU) per individual cow, oocyte maturation and embryo culture take place in small groups, which is often associated with inferior embryo development. The objective of this study was to improve embryonic development in small donor groups by using the Corral® dish. This commercial dish is designed for human embryo production. It contains two central wells that are divided into quadrants by a semi-permeable wall. In human embryo culture, one embryo is placed per quadrant, allowing individual follow-up while embryos are exposed to a common medium. In our study, small groups of oocytes and subsequently embryos of different bovine donors were placed in the Corral® dish, each donor group in a separate quadrant. Results In two experiments, the Corral® dish was evaluated during in vitro maturation (IVM) and/or in vitro culture (IVC) by grouping oocytes and embryos of individual bovine donors per quadrant. At day 7, a significantly higher blastocyst rate was noted in the Corral® dish used during IVM and IVC than when only used during IVM (12.9% ± 2.10 versus 22.8% ± 2.67) (P < 0.05). However, no significant differences in blastocyst yield were observed anymore between treatment groups at day 8 post insemination. Conclusions In the present study, the Corral® dish was used for in vitro embryo production (IVP) in cattle; allowing to allocate oocytes and/or embryos per donor. As fresh embryo transfers on day 7 have higher pregnancy outcomes, the Corral® dish offers an added value for commercial OPU/IVP, since a higher blastocyst development at day 7 is obtained when the Corral® dish is used during IVM and IVC.
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Wu L, Han W, Wang J, Zhang X, Liu W, Xiong S, Han S, Liu J, Gao Y, Huang G. Embryo culture using a time-lapse monitoring system improves live birth rates compared with a conventional culture system: a prospective cohort study. HUM FERTIL 2017; 21:255-262. [DOI: 10.1080/14647273.2017.1335886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Wu
- Chongqing Reproductive and Genetics Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Han
- Chongqing Reproductive and Genetics Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- Chongqing Reproductive and Genetics Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Chongqing Reproductive and Genetics Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Chongqing Reproductive and Genetics Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Shun Xiong
- Chongqing Reproductive and Genetics Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Shubiao Han
- Chongqing Reproductive and Genetics Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Junxia Liu
- Chongqing Reproductive and Genetics Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Chongqing Reproductive and Genetics Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Guoning Huang
- Chongqing Reproductive and Genetics Institute, Chongqing, China
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Minasi MG, Fabozzi G, Casciani V, Lobascio AM, Colasante A, Scarselli F, Greco E. Improved blastocyst formation with reduced culture volume: comparison of three different culture conditions on 1128 sibling human zygotes. J Assist Reprod Genet 2014; 32:215-20. [PMID: 25491125 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-014-0399-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the present randomized, comparative study was to evaluate the effect of reduced culture volumes on sibling human embryo development. METHODS Firstly, sibling injected oocytes obtained from 88 out of 165 consenting couples undergoing infertility treatment were cultured either in large (35 μl) or in small drops (15 μl) of culture medium. Secondly, sibling injected oocytes from 77 couples were cultured either in large (35 μl) or in mini drops (7 μl). Embryo quality on day-2 and day-3 and blastocyst formation rate on day-5 were evaluated. RESULTS No statistically significant difference in terms of embryo quality was detected comparing embryos cultured either in large (35 μl) or small (15 μl) drops until blastocyst stage. Similarly, no difference appeared between large (35 μl) or mini (7 μl) drops until day-3, however a significantly higher blastocyst formation rate was observed in mini (7 μl) drops on day-5. CONCLUSIONS Reduced culture volume seems not to influence early embryo development but a reduction of medium appears to positively affect blastocyst development. This supports the hypothesis that the pre-implantation embryo produces autocrine factors which exert a positive effect on embryo development when culture is performed in a reduced volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giulia Minasi
- Centre For Reproductive Medicine, European Hospital, Via Portuense 700, 00149, Rome, Italy,
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Saadeldin IM, Kim SJ, Choi YB, Lee BC. Improvement of cloned embryos development by co-culturing with parthenotes: a possible role of exosomes/microvesicles for embryos paracrine communication. Cell Reprogram 2014; 16:223-34. [PMID: 24773308 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2014.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that embryos cultured in a group can create a microenvironment through secretion of autocrine and paracrine factors that can support and improve the embryos' development when compared to the embryos cultured individually. In this study, we used a co-culture system for paracrine communication between different kinds of embryos. The results showed that co-culture of porcine parthenogenetic (PA) embryos significantly improved the in vitro development of cloned (nuclear transfer, NT) embryos. To reveal the possible mechanism of communication between the two groups, we isolated exosomes/microvesicles (EXs/MVs) from the PA embryos conditioned medium (PA-CM) through differential centrifugation and identified them through transmission electron microscope and immunoflourescence against exosomal/membrane marker CD9. Furthermore, these EXs/MVs were found to contain mRNA of pluripotency genes (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc, and Nanog), and the PKH67-labeled EXs/MVs could be internalized by the NT embryos. The current study demonstrates that cloned embryos' developmental competence can be improved through co-culturing with PA embryos and revealed, for the first time, that in vitro-produced embryos can secrete EXs/MVs as a possible communication tool within their microenvironment. Moreover, it provides a new paradigm for embryo-to-embryo communication in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam M Saadeldin
- 1 Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine and the Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University , Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
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Absalón-Medina VA, Butler WR, Gilbert RO. Preimplantation embryo metabolism and culture systems: experience from domestic animals and clinical implications. J Assist Reprod Genet 2014; 31:393-409. [PMID: 24682781 PMCID: PMC3969471 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-014-0179-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advantages of in vitro embryo production in many species, widespread use of this technology is limited by generally lower developmental competence of in vitro derived embryos compared to in vivo counterparts. Regardless, in vivo or in vitro gametes and embryos face and must adjust to multiple microenvironments especially at preimplantation stages. Moreover, the embryo has to be able to further adapt to environmental cues in utero to result in the birth of live and healthy offspring. Enormous strides have been made in understanding and meeting stage-specific requirements of preimplantation embryos, but interpretation of the data is made difficult due to the complexity of the wide array of culture systems and the remarkable plasticity of developing embryos that seem able to develop under a variety of conditions. Nevertheless, a primary objective remains meeting, as closely as possible, the preimplantation embryo requirements as provided in vivo. In general, oocytes and embryos develop more satisfactorily when cultured in groups. However, optimization of individual culture of oocytes and embryos is an important goal and area of intensive current research for both animal and human clinical application. Successful culture of individual embryos is of primary importance in order to avoid ovarian superstimulation and the associated physiological and psychological disadvantages for patients. This review emphasizes stage specific shifts in embryo metabolism and requirements and research to optimize in vitro embryo culture conditions and supplementation, with a view to optimizing embryo culture in general, and culture of single embryos in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. A. Absalón-Medina
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - W. R. Butler
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - R. O. Gilbert
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
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Sugimura S, Akai T, Hashiyada Y, Aikawa Y, Ohtake M, Matsuda H, Kobayashi S, Kobayashi E, Konishi K, Imai K. Effect of embryo density on in vitro development and gene expression in bovine in vitro-fertilized embryos cultured in a microwell system. J Reprod Dev 2012; 59:115-22. [PMID: 23154384 PMCID: PMC3934200 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2012-113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify embryos individually during in vitro development, we
previously developed the well-of-the-well (WOW) dish, which contains 25 microwells. Here
we investigated the effect of embryo density (the number of embryos per volume of medium)
on in vitro development and gene expression of bovine in
vitro-fertilized embryos cultured in WOW dishes. Using both conventional
droplet and WOW culture formats, 5, 15, and 25 bovine embryos were cultured in 125 µl
medium for 168 h. The blastocysts at Day 7 were analyzed for number of cells and
expression of ten genes (CDX2, IFN-tau,
PLAC8, NANOG, OCT4,
SOX2, AKR1B1, ATP5A1,
GLUT1 and IGF2R). In droplet culture, the rates of
formation of >4-cell cleavage embryos and blastocysts were significantly lower in
embryos cultured at 5 embryos per droplet than in those cultured at 15 or 25 embryos per
droplet, but not in WOW culture. In both droplet and WOW culture, developmental kinetics
and blastocyst cell numbers did not differ among any groups. IFN-tau
expression in embryos cultured at 25 embryos per droplet was significantly higher than in
those cultured at 15 embryos per droplet and in artificial insemination (AI)-derived
blastocysts. Moreover, IGF2R expression was significantly lower in the
25-embryo group than in the 5-embryo group and in AI-derived blastocysts. In WOW culture,
these expressions were not affected by embryo density and were similar to those in
AI-derived blastocysts. These results suggest that, as compared with conventional droplet
culture, in vitro development and expression of IFN-tau
and IGF2R in the microwell system may be insensitive to embryo
density.
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Dai SJ, Xu CL, Wang J, Sun YP, Chian RC. Effect of culture medium volume and embryo density on early mouse embryonic development: tracking the development of the individual embryo. J Assist Reprod Genet 2012; 29:617-23. [PMID: 22430392 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-012-9744-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the optimal volume or density of embryos for the well-of-the-well (WOW) system in order to track the development of individual embryos and to determine whether the WOW system can reverse the negative impact of culturing embryos singly. METHODS (1) Mouse embryos (groups of nine at the 2-cell stage) were cultured in 6.25 μl, 12.50 μl, 25.00 μl and 50.00 μl of droplets of culture medium under paraffin oil; (2) Groups of three, six, nine and twelve embryos at the 2-cell stage were cultured in 50 μl of droplet of culture medium under paraffin oil; (3) Groups of nine embryos at the 2-cell stage were cultured in 50 μl of droplet under paraffin oil with or without nine micro-wells made on the bottom of the Petri dish into each of which were placed one of the nine embryos (WOW system). Also single 2-cell stage embryos was cultured individually in 5.5 μl of droplet of culture medium under paraffin oil with or without a single micro-well made on the bottom of the Petri dish (WOW system for single culture). At the end of culture, the percentages of blastocyst development, hatching and hatched blastocysts were compared in each group. The blastocysts were fixed for differential staining. RESULTS The blastocyst development was significantly higher (P < 0.05) when nine embryos were cultured in 50 μl of droplet of culture medium compared with other volumes. The blastocyst development was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) in single embryo culture compared to group embryo culture with or without the WOW system. The blastocyst development was not improved when single embryo cultured individually in a micro-well was compared to single embryo cultured individually without micro-well. The total cell numbers of blastocysts were significantly higher in group embryo culture than single embryo culture regardless of whether the WOW system was used. In addition, the total cell numbers of blastocysts were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in single embryo culture with the WOW system than without. CONCLUSIONS Group embryo culture is superior to single embryo culture for blastocyst development. The WOW system with 50 μl of droplet of culture medium can be used to track the individual development of embryo cultured in groups while preserving good embryonic development. The reduced embryonic development with single embryo culture cannot be ameliorated by the WOW system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Jun Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Purpura KA, Bratt-Leal AM, Hammersmith KA, McDevitt TC, Zandstra PW. Systematic engineering of 3D pluripotent stem cell niches to guide blood development. Biomaterials 2012; 33:1271-80. [PMID: 22079776 PMCID: PMC4280365 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSC) provide insight into development and may underpin new cell therapies, yet controlling PSC differentiation to generate functional cells remains a significant challenge. In this study we explored the concept that mimicking the local in vivo microenvironment during mesoderm specification could promote the emergence of hematopoietic progenitor cells from embryonic stem cells (ESCs). First, we assessed the expression of early phenotypic markers of mesoderm differentiation (E-cadherin, brachyury (T-GFP), PDGFRα, and Flk1: +/-ETPF) to reveal that E-T+P+F+ cells have the highest capacity for hematopoiesis. Second, we determined how initial aggregate size influences the emergence of mesodermal phenotypes (E-T+P+F+, E-T-P+/-F+, and E-T-P+F-) and discovered that colony forming cell (CFC) output was maximal with ~100 cells per PSC aggregate. Finally, we introduced these 100-cell PSC aggregates into a low oxygen environment (5%; to upregulate endogenous VEGF secretion) and delivered two potent blood-inductive molecules, BMP4 and TPO (bone morphogenetic protein-4 and thrombopoietin), locally from microparticles to obtain a more robust differentiation response than soluble delivery methods alone. Approximately 1.7-fold more CFCs were generated with localized delivery in comparison to exogenous delivery, while combined growth factor use was reduced ~14.2-fold. By systematically engineering the complex and dynamic environmental signals associated with the in vivo blood developmental niche we demonstrate a significant role for inductive endogenous signaling and introduce a tunable platform for enhancing PSC differentiation efficiency to specific lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A. Purpura
- The Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrés M. Bratt-Leal
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Katy A. Hammersmith
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Todd C. McDevitt
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- The Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Peter W. Zandstra
- The Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Isachenko V, Maettner R, Sterzik K, Strehler E, Kreinberg R, Hancke K, Roth S, Isachenko E. In-vitro culture of human embryos with mechanical micro-vibration increases implantation rates. Reprod Biomed Online 2011; 22:536-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2011.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2010] [Revised: 01/29/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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