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Lee J, Cai L, Kim M, Choi H, Oh D, Jawad A, Lee E, Hyun SH. Blastomere aggregation using phytohemagglutinin-L improves the establishment efficiency of porcine parthenogenesis-derived embryonic stem-like cell lines. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:948778. [PMID: 36158223 PMCID: PMC9493121 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.948778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of blastomeres is a promising method to improve the developmental competence of blastocysts and may be useful for the production of chimeric animals and the establishment of embryonic stem cell lines by increasing inner cell masses. Here, we determined the optimal conditions for blastomere aggregation using phytohemagglutinin-L (PHA-L) and examined PHA-L efficiency by comparing it with Well of the Well (WOW), a general blastomere aggregation method. As a result, we confirmed that treatment with 15 μg/ml PHA-L for 144 h was effective for blastomere aggregation and embryonic development of three zona-free 2-cell stage embryos (TZ2Es) after parthenogenetic activation (PA). The TZ2Es cultured with PHA-L showed a significantly (p < 0.05) higher blastomere aggregation rate than the WOW method (93.5 ± 1.9% vs. 78.0 ± 8.5%). In addition, our results demonstrated that TZ2Es aggregation through PHA-L improved the quality of PA-derived blastocysts and improved porcine embryonic stem-like cell (pESLCs) seeding efficiency and quality of colonies. It was also observed that PHA-L-derived pESLC could remain undifferentiated and exhibit typical embryonic stem cell pluripotency markers, embryoid body (EB)-forming ability, and differentiation into cell lineages of three germ layers. Pig blastomere aggregation technology is expected to improve embryo quality and the efficiency of embryonic stem cell establishment and embryoid-body formation. It can also be used in blastocyst complementation systems and in the production of chimeric animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joohyeong Lee
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Veterinary Embryology and Biotechnology (VETEMBIO), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
- Institute of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Lian Cai
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Veterinary Embryology and Biotechnology (VETEMBIO), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
- Institute of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
- Graduate School of Veterinary Biosecurity and Protection, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Mirae Kim
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Veterinary Embryology and Biotechnology (VETEMBIO), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
- Institute of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Hyerin Choi
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Veterinary Embryology and Biotechnology (VETEMBIO), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
- Institute of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Dongjin Oh
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Veterinary Embryology and Biotechnology (VETEMBIO), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
- Institute of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Ali Jawad
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Veterinary Embryology and Biotechnology (VETEMBIO), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
- Institute of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Eunsong Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hwan Hyun
- Veterinary Medical Center and College of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Veterinary Embryology and Biotechnology (VETEMBIO), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
- Institute of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM), Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
- Graduate School of Veterinary Biosecurity and Protection, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Sang-Hwan Hyun, r
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Lee M, Choi K, Oh J, Kim S, Lee D, Choe GC, Jeong J, Lee C. SOX2 plays a crucial role in cell proliferation and lineage segregation during porcine pre-implantation embryo development. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e13097. [PMID: 34250657 PMCID: PMC8349655 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gene regulation in early embryos has been widely studied for a long time because lineage segregation gives rise to the formation of a pluripotent cell population, known as the inner cell mass (ICM), during pre-implantation embryo development. The extraordinarily longer pre-implantation embryo development in pigs leads to the distinct features of the pluripotency network compared with mice and humans. For these reasons, a comparative study using pre-implantation pig embryos would provide new insights into the mammalian pluripotency network and help to understand differences in the roles and networks of genes in pre-implantation embryos between species. MATERIALS AND METHODS To analyse the functions of SOX2 in lineage segregation and cell proliferation, loss- and gain-of-function studies were conducted in pig embryos using an overexpression vector and the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Then, we analysed the morphological features and examined the effect on the expression of downstream genes through immunocytochemistry and quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS Our results showed that among the core pluripotent factors, only SOX2 was specifically expressed in the ICM. In SOX2-disrupted blastocysts, the expression of the ICM-related genes, but not OCT4, was suppressed, and the total cell number was also decreased. Likewise, according to real-time PCR analysis, pluripotency-related genes, excluding OCT4, and proliferation-related genes were decreased in SOX2-targeted blastocysts. In SOX2-overexpressing embryos, the total blastocyst cell number was greatly increased but the ICM/TE ratio decreased. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results demonstrated that SOX2 is essential for ICM formation and cell proliferation in porcine early-stage embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyun Lee
- Department of Agricultural BiotechnologyAnimal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life SciencesSeoul National UniversityGwanak‐guKorea
| | - Kwang‐Hwan Choi
- Department of Agricultural BiotechnologyAnimal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life SciencesSeoul National UniversityGwanak‐guKorea
- Research and Development CenterSpace F corporationHwasungKorea
| | - Jong‐Nam Oh
- Department of Agricultural BiotechnologyAnimal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life SciencesSeoul National UniversityGwanak‐guKorea
| | - Seung‐Hun Kim
- Department of Agricultural BiotechnologyAnimal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life SciencesSeoul National UniversityGwanak‐guKorea
| | - Dong‐Kyung Lee
- Department of Agricultural BiotechnologyAnimal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life SciencesSeoul National UniversityGwanak‐guKorea
- Research and Development CenterSpace F corporationHwasungKorea
| | - Gyung Cheol Choe
- Department of Agricultural BiotechnologyAnimal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life SciencesSeoul National UniversityGwanak‐guKorea
| | - Jinsol Jeong
- Department of Agricultural BiotechnologyAnimal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life SciencesSeoul National UniversityGwanak‐guKorea
| | - Chang‐Kyu Lee
- Department of Agricultural BiotechnologyAnimal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life SciencesSeoul National UniversityGwanak‐guKorea
- Institute of Green Bio Science and TechnologySeoul National UniversityPyeongchangKorea
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3
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Pieri NCG, de Souza AF, Botigelli RC, Pessôa LVDF, Recchia K, Machado LS, Glória MH, de Castro RVG, Leal DF, Fantinato Neto P, Martins SMMK, Dos Santos Martins D, Bressan FF, de Andrade AFC. Porcine Primordial Germ Cell-Like Cells Generated from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Under Different Culture Conditions. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 18:1639-1656. [PMID: 34115317 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10198-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Culture conditions regulate the process of pluripotency acquisition and self-renewal. This study aimed to analyse the influence of the in vitro environment on the induction of porcine induced pluripotent stem cell (piPSCs) differentiation into primordial germ cell-like cells (pPGCLCs). piPSC culture with different supplementation strategies (LIF, bFGF, or LIF plus bFGF) promoted heterogeneous phenotypic profiles. Continuous bFGF supplementation during piPSCs culture was beneficial to support a pluripotent state and the differentiation of piPSCs into pPGCLCs. The pPGCLCs were positive for the gene and protein expression of pluripotent and germinative markers. This study can provide a suitable in vitro model for use in translational studies and to help answer numerous remaining questions about germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naira Caroline Godoy Pieri
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.
| | - Aline Fernanda de Souza
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, SP, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Ramon Cesar Botigelli
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Kaiana Recchia
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas Simões Machado
- Department of Biochemistry, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Mayra Hirakawa Glória
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, SP, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Raquel Vasconcelos Guimarães de Castro
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Diego Feitosa Leal
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Fantinato Neto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, SP, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | | | - Daniele Dos Santos Martins
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Fernandes Bressan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, SP, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - André Furugen Cesar de Andrade
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
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Choi KH, Lee DK, Kim SW, Woo SH, Kim DY, Lee CK. Chemically Defined Media Can Maintain Pig Pluripotency Network In Vitro. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 13:221-234. [PMID: 31257130 PMCID: PMC6626979 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pig embryonic stem cells (pESCs) have been considered an important candidate for preclinical research on human therapies. However, the lack of understanding of pig pluripotent networks has hampered establishment of authentic pESCs. Here, we report that FGF2, ACTVIN, and WNT signaling are essential to sustain pig pluripotency in vitro. Newly derived pESCs were stably maintained over an extended period, and capable of forming teratomas that contained three germ layers. Transcriptome analysis showed that pESCs were developmentally similar to late epiblasts of preimplantation embryos and in terms of biological functions resembled human rather than mouse pluripotent stem cells. However, the pESCs had distinct features such as coexpression of SSEA1 and SSEA4, two active X chromosomes, and a unique transcriptional pattern. Our findings will facilitate both the development of large animal models for human stem cell therapy and the generation of pluripotent stem cells from other domestic animals for agricultural use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Hwan Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Dong-Kyung Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sung Woo Kim
- Animal Genetic Resources Research Center, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Namwon, Jeollabuk-do 55717, Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Woo
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Yong Kim
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Kyu Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeong Chang, Kangwon-do 25354, Korea.
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Park TY, Choi KH, Lee DK, Oh JN, Kim SH, Lee CK. Attempting to Convert Primed Porcine Embryonic Stem Cells into a Naive State Through the Overexpression of Reprogramming Factors. Cell Reprogram 2018; 20:289-300. [DOI: 10.1089/cell.2017.0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Yeong Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang-Hwan Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Kyung Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Nam Oh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Hun Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Kyu Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Kangwon do, Korea
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Mechanisms of Vertebrate Germ Cell Determination. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 953:383-440. [PMID: 27975276 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-46095-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Two unique characteristics of the germ line are the ability to persist from generation to generation and to retain full developmental potential while differentiating into gametes. How the germ line is specified that allows it to retain these characteristics within the context of a developing embryo remains unknown and is one focus of current research. Germ cell specification proceeds through one of two basic mechanisms: cell autonomous or inductive. Here, we discuss how germ plasm driven germ cell specification (cell autonomous) occurs in both zebrafish and the frog Xenopus. We describe the segregation of germ cells during embryonic development of solitary and colonial ascidians to provide an evolutionary context to both mechanisms. We conclude with a discussion of the inductive mechanism as exemplified by both the mouse and axolotl model systems. Regardless of mechanism, several general themes can be recognized including the essential role of repression and posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression.
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Choi KH, Park JK, Son D, Hwang JY, Lee DK, Ka H, Park J, Lee CK. Reactivation of Endogenous Genes and Epigenetic Remodeling Are Barriers for Generating Transgene-Free Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Pig. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158046. [PMID: 27336671 PMCID: PMC4918974 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular reprogramming of committed cells into a pluripotent state can be induced by ectopic expression of genes such as OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, and MYC. Reprogrammed cells can be maintained by activating endogenous pluripotent networks without transgene expression. Although various research groups have attempted to generate pig induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), authentic iPSCs have not be obtained, instead showing dependence on transgene expression. In this study, iPSCs were derived from porcine fetal fibroblasts via drug-inducible vectors carrying human transcription factors (OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, and MYC). Therefore, this study investigated characteristics of iPSCs and reprogramming mechanisms in pig. The iPSCs were stably maintained over an extended period with potential in vitro differentiation into three germ layers. In addition, the pluripotent state of iPSCs was regulated by modulating culture conditions. They showed naive- or primed-like pluripotent states in LIF or bFGF supplemented culture conditions, respectively. However, iPSCs could not be maintained without ectopic expression of transgenes. The cultured iPSCs expressed endogenous transcription factors such as OCT4 and SOX2, but not NANOG (a known gateway to complete reprogramming). Endogenous genes related to mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (DPPA2, CDH1, EPCAM, and OCLN) were not sufficiently reactivated, as measured by qPCR. DNA methylation analysis for promoters of OCT4, NANOG, and XIST showed that epigenetic reprogramming did not occur in female iPSCs. Based on our results, expression of exogenous genes could not sufficiently activate the essential endogenous genes and remodel the epigenetic milieu to achieve faithful pluripotency in pig. Accordingly, investigating iPSCs could help us improve and develop reprogramming methods by understanding reprogramming mechanisms in pig.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Hwan Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Kyu Park
- Division of Animal Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Dongchan Son
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Yeon Hwang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Kyung Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hakhyun Ka
- Department of Biological Resources and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | | | - Chang-Kyu Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Animal Biotechnology Major, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeong Chang, Kangwon do, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
This review deals with the latest advances in the study of embryonic stem cells (ESC) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) from domesticated species, with a focus on pigs, cattle, sheep, goats, horses, cats, and dogs. Whereas the derivation of fully pluripotent ESC from these species has proved slow, reprogramming of somatic cells to iPSC has been more straightforward. However, most of these iPSC depend on the continued expression of the introduced transgenes, a major drawback to their utility. The persistent failure in generating ESC and the dependency of iPSC on ectopic genes probably stem from an inability to maintain the stability of the endogenous gene networks necessary to maintain pluripotency. Based on work in humans and rodents, achievement of full pluripotency will likely require fine adjustments in the growth factors and signaling inhibitors provided to the cells. Finally, we discuss the future utility of these cells for biomedical and agricultural purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Ezashi
- Division of Animal Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211; , ,
| | - Ye Yuan
- Division of Animal Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211; , ,
| | - R Michael Roberts
- Division of Animal Sciences and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211; , ,
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Leitch HG, Tang WWC, Surani MA. Primordial germ-cell development and epigenetic reprogramming in mammals. Curr Top Dev Biol 2014; 104:149-87. [PMID: 23587241 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-416027-9.00005-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are the embryonic precursors of the gametes and represent the founder cells of the germline. Specification of PGCs is a critical divergent point during embryogenesis. Whereas the somatic lineages will ultimately perish, cells of the germline have the potential to form a new individual and hence progress to the next generation. It is therefore critical that the genome emerges intact and carrying the appropriate epigenetic information during its passage through the germline. To ensure this fidelity of transmission, PGC development encompasses extensive epigenetic reprogramming. The low cell numbers and relative inaccessibility of PGCs present a challenge to those seeking mechanistic understanding of the crucial developmental and epigenetic processes in this most fascinating of lineages. Here, we present an overview of PGC development in the mouse and compare this with the limited information available for other mammalian species. We believe that a comparative approach will be increasingly important to uncover the extent to which mechanisms are conserved and reveal the critical steps during PGC development in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry G Leitch
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute of Cancer and Developmental Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Rodríguez A, Allegrucci C, Alberio R. Modulation of pluripotency in the porcine embryo and iPS cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49079. [PMID: 23145076 PMCID: PMC3493503 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The establishment of the pluripotent ICM during early mammalian development is characterized by the differential expression of the transcription factors NANOG and GATA4/6, indicative of the epiblast and hypoblast, respectively. Differences in the mechanisms regulating the segregation of these lineages have been reported in many species, however little is known about this process in the porcine embryo. The aim of this study was to investigate the signalling pathways participating in the formation of the porcine ICM, and to establish whether their modulation can be used to increase the developmental potential of pluripotent cells. We show that blocking MEK signalling enhances the proportion of NANOG expressing cells in the ICM, but does not prevent the segregation of GATA-4 cells. Interestingly, inhibition of FGF signalling does not alter the segregation of NANOG and GATA-4 cells, but affects the number of ICM cells. This indicates that FGF signalling participates in the formation of the founders of the ICM. Inhibition of MEK signalling combined with GSK3β inhibition and LIF supplementation was used to modulate pluripotency in porcine iPS (piPS) cells. We demonstrate that under these stringent culture conditions piPS cells acquire features of naive pluripotency, characterized by the expression of STELLA and REX1, and increased in vitro germline differentiation capacity. We propose that small molecule inhibitors can be used to increase the homogeneity of induced pluripotent stem cell cultures. These improved culture conditions will pave the way for the generation of germline competent stem cells in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Rodríguez
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Cinzia Allegrucci
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Ramiro Alberio
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
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