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Freezability of Dog Semen after Collection in Field Conditions and Cooled Transport. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12070816. [PMID: 35405806 PMCID: PMC8997147 DOI: 10.3390/ani12070816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Dog semen freezing is gaining popularity, but it has to be performed in equipped facilities, which can be far from the place where the stud dog lives. To avoid animal movement, it seemed interesting to investigate whether freezing dog semen after 24 or 48 h of cooled transport to an equipped laboratory was possible when semen collection was performed in the field such as in local breeding kennels. The influence of two pre-freezing holding times (i.e., 24 or 48 h) and two holding diluents (solutions used to dilute semen before freezing) was evaluated. Post-thaw morphofunctional sperm features, such as motility, morphological integrity, and ability to bind female gametes, were assessed. No differences between times or diluents were observed, but motility tended to decrease in the samples frozen at 48 h. Since the insemination dose was based on the number of motile spermatozoa, a shorter pre-freezing time is advisable. Yet, considering that the rest of the morphofunctional parameters remained comparable between samples frozen after collection or after 24/48 h of transport, freezing after cooled transport is a good option for avoiding animal stress and for promoting a greater diffusion of semen cryopreservation. Abstract Dog semen freezing is gaining popularity, but it has to be performed in equipped facilities, which can be far from the place where the stud dog lives. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether freezing dog semen after 24 or 48 h of cooled transport to an equipped laboratory was possible when semen collection was performed in the field such as in local breeding kennels. Single ejaculates from different dogs (mixed breeds and ages) were collected. In Experiment I, 10 ejaculates were conventionally frozen using the Uppsala method or frozen after 24 or 48 h of storage in a Styrofoam transport box cooled by icepacks. In Experiment II, 10 ejaculates were used to assess the influence of two extenders (Uppsala chilling extender or freezing extender 1) used for semen dilution during the 24 or 48 h storage. Motility, morphology, membrane, and acrosome integrity were analyzed as well as spermatozoa zona-binding ability. No significant differences were observed among the frozen groups, regardless of freezing time (Experiment I) or extender (Experiment II). Motility at thawing, however, decreased in absolute value at 48 h. Freezing of freshly collected semen is the gold standard, but the results obtained in this study prompt the application of freezing after cooled transport for the long-term preservation of dog semen, especially if the transport can be organized in 24 h.
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Deco-Souza T, Paula T, Araujo G, Bergo L, Carazo L, Vasconcelos G, Silva M. Effects of chelating calcium in cryopreservation extender on frozen-thawed dog semen. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-10890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT We evaluated the effect of reducing free calcium in the cryopreservation medium, using the calcium chelator ethylene diamine tetracetic acid (EDTA) at 0.3% and 0.5% concentrations. Three male mixed breed dogs were subjected to semen collection by digital manipulation (n=16). Each ejaculate was divided in three aliquots, and each one was diluted in TRIS-glucose-egg yolk extender with 6% glycerol and 0.5% Equex STM Paste® (TGE, control); and added with 0.3% EDTA (EDTA 0.3) or 0.5% EDTA (EDTA 0.5). Calcium concentration reduced in EDTA 0.3 and all the calcium ions were chelated in EDTA 0.5. The EDTA addition did not affect sperm morphology or plasma membrane integrity; however, by removing all free calcium (EDTA 0.5), the sperm motility reduced (64.7% in TGE and 45% in EDTA 0.5; p<0.05). Acrosome integrity and sperm binding ability were not improved by calcium chelation. The failure to prevent the premature AR may explain why sperm longevity was not affected by calcium removal. Thus, the partial or complete calcium removal, through EDTA addition, is not able to prevent acrosomal damage or premature acrosomal reaction, and therefore does not improve the dog sperm binding ability.
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Dalmazzo A, Losano JDA, Rocha CC, Tsunoda RH, Angrimani DDSR, Mendes CM, Assumpção MEODÁ, Nichi M, Barnabe VH. Effects of Soy Lecithin Extender on Dog Sperm Cryopreservation. Anim Biotechnol 2018; 29:174-182. [PMID: 28658593 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2017.1334662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Semen cryopreservation is an essential biotechnology in canine reproduction and during the cryopreservation process commonly egg yolk are used. The discrepancy in the egg yolk composition and the potential risk of disease dissemination are obstacles for semen exportation and use. Therefore, studies aiming to substitute egg yolk are extremely important. In this context, soy lecithin contains a low-density lipoprotein fraction, is an interesting alternative. Thus, the objective of this study was to compare extenders based on soy lecithin (several concentrations and forms) with egg yolk during the cryopreservation process of dog sperm. For this purpose, we used twelve dogs. Semen was evaluated at different time points (after refrigeration, glycerolization, and thawing), by motility analysis (CASA) and functional tests (e.g., membrane integrity-eosin/nigrosin, acrosome integrity-fast green/Bengal rose, mitochondrial activity-3'3 diaminobenzidine, Chromatin susceptibility to acid-induced denaturation-SCSA, and susceptibility to oxidative stress-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances). The results indicated that egg yolk and lower concentrations of lecithin had similar effects on mitochondrial activity and motility. Thus, soy lecithin is a potentially viable alternative to egg yolk for the cryopreservation of dog semen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Dalmazzo
- a University of São Paulo, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science , Department of Animal Reproduction , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - João Diego A Losano
- a University of São Paulo, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science , Department of Animal Reproduction , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Carolina C Rocha
- a University of São Paulo, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science , Department of Animal Reproduction , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Roberta H Tsunoda
- a University of São Paulo, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science , Department of Animal Reproduction , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Daniel de Souza Ramos Angrimani
- a University of São Paulo, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science , Department of Animal Reproduction , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Camilla M Mendes
- a University of São Paulo, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science , Department of Animal Reproduction , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Mayra Elena O D Ávila Assumpção
- a University of São Paulo, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science , Department of Animal Reproduction , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Marcilio Nichi
- a University of São Paulo, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science , Department of Animal Reproduction , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Valquíria H Barnabe
- a University of São Paulo, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science , Department of Animal Reproduction , São Paulo , Brazil
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Soler C, Alambiaga A, Martí MA, García-Molina A, Valverde A, Contell J, Campos M. Dog sperm head morphometry: its diversity and evolution. Asian J Androl 2017; 19:149-153. [PMID: 27751991 PMCID: PMC5312210 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.189207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dogs have been under strong artificial selection as a consequence of their relationship with man. Differences between breeds are evident that could be reflected in seminal characteristics. The present study was to evaluate differences in sperm head morphometry between seven well-defined breeds of dog: the British Bulldog, Chihuahua, German Shepherd, Labrador Retriever, Spanish Mastiff, Staffordshire Terrier, and Valencian Rat Hunting dog. Semen samples were obtained by masturbation and smears stained with Diff-Quik. Morphometric analysis (CASA-Morph) produced four size and four shape parameters. Length, Ellipticity, and Elongation showed higher differences between breeds. MANOVA revealed differences among all breeds. Considering the whole dataset, principal component analysis (PCA) showed that PC1 was related to head shape and PC2 to size. Procluster analysis showed the British Bulldog to be the most isolated breed, followed by the German Shepherd. The PCA breed by breed showed the Chihuahua, Labrador Retriever, Spanish Mastiff, and Staffordshire Terrier to have PC1 related to shape and PC2 to size, whereas the British Bulldog, Valencia Rat Hunting dog, and German Shepherd had PC1 related to size and PC2 to shape. The dendrogram for cluster groupings and the distance between them showed the British Bulldog to be separated from the rest of the breeds. Future work on dog semen must take into account the large differences in the breeds’ sperm characteristics. The results provide a base for future work on phylogenetic and evolutionary studies of dogs, based on their seminal characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carles Soler
- Department of Functional Biology and Physical Anthropology, University of València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.,R+D Department, Proiser R+D, Scientific Park, University of València, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Ana Alambiaga
- Department of Functional Biology and Physical Anthropology, University of València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Maria A Martí
- Department of Functional Biology and Physical Anthropology, University of València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Almudena García-Molina
- R+D Department, Proiser R+D, Scientific Park, University of València, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Anthony Valverde
- Department of Functional Biology and Physical Anthropology, University of València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain.,Technological Institute of Costa Rica, San Carlos Campus, School of Agronomy, 223-21001 Alajuela, Costa Rica
| | - Jesús Contell
- R+D Department, Proiser R+D, Scientific Park, University of València, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Marcos Campos
- Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, University Cardenal-Herrera-CEU, 46113 Moncada, València, Spain.,Global Veterinaria (Reprovalcan), 46500 Sagunto, València, Spain.,Clínica Veterinaria Sangüeso, 46009 València, Spain
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Urbano M, Ortiz I, Dorado J, Hidalgo M. Identification of sperm morphometric subpopulations in cooled-stored canine sperm and its relation with sperm DNA integrity. Reprod Domest Anim 2017; 52:468-476. [PMID: 28220615 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to (i) identify different morphometric subpopulations in cooled-stored canine sperm and their patterns of distribution during cool-storage for up to 240 hr and (ii) determine whether or not morphometric sperm subpopulations (sP) are related to sperm DNA integrity. For that purpose, morphometric parameters were analysed by computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) and sperm DNA fragmentation (sDFi) using the sperm Halomax test. Four morphometric sperm heads subpopulations were identified: sP1 (large and rounded), sP2 (large and elongated), sP3 (small and rounded) and sP4 (small and elongated). sP1 was the most predominant subpopulation for up to 72 hr and thereafter sP3 increased progressively. sDFi increased after 48 hr of cool-storage. Although sP3 showed a positive correlation with sDFi, and both increased over time, it could not be ensured that only the sperm with fragmented DNA are accumulated in sP3. In conclusion, sP3 and DNA fragmentation increased progressively during cool-storage, becoming possible indicators of sperm damage. However, it cannot be concluded that sP3 only contains sperm with fragmented DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Urbano
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - I Ortiz
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - J Dorado
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - M Hidalgo
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
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Alcantar-Rodriguez A, Medrano A. The effect of cooling to different subzero temperatures on dog sperm cryosurvival. Reprod Domest Anim 2017; 52:422-428. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Alcantar-Rodriguez
- Departamento de Ciencias Pecuarias; Facultad de Estudios Superiores - Cuautitlan; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico; Cuautitlan Izcalli Mexico
| | - A Medrano
- Departamento de Ciencias Pecuarias; Facultad de Estudios Superiores - Cuautitlan; Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico; Cuautitlan Izcalli Mexico
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Rodenas C, Parrilla I, Roca J, Martinez EA, Lucas X. Effects of rapid cooling prior to freezing on the quality of canine cryopreserved spermatozoa. J Reprod Dev 2014; 60:355-61. [PMID: 25047548 PMCID: PMC4219992 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2014-024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of rapid cooling prior to freezing on frozen-thawed canine sperm quality.
In experiment 1, centrifuged ejaculates from 6 dogs were pooled, split into 4 aliquots and cryopreserved by the Uppsala
procedure using different cooling rates (control, cooling speed 18 C/90 min and average cooling rate 0.2 C/min; rapid,
cooling speed 18 C/8 min and average cooling rate 2.25 C/min) in combination with 2 glycerol addition protocols (fractionated
or unfractionated). In experiment 2, centrifuged ejaculates from 4 dogs were processed individually using the same cooling
rates described in experiment 1 in combination with an unfractionated glycerol addition protocol. Each of the experiments was
replicated 5 times. Sperm quality was evaluated after 30 and 150 min of post-thawing incubation at 38 C. Total motility (TM),
progressive motility (PM) and quality of movement parameters were assessed using a computerized system, and sperm viability
(spermatozoa with intact plasma and acrosome membranes) was assessed using flow cytometry (H-42/PI/FITC-PNA). Values for TM,
PM, viable spermatozoa and the quality of movement parameters after thawing were not significantly affected by the cooling
rate. The interaction between the cooling rate and the added glycerol protocol was not significant. There were significant
differences among the males (P<0.01) in the sperm quality parameters evaluated after thawing. The interaction between the
males and the cooling rate was not significant. In conclusion, canine spermatozoa can be cryopreserved using the Uppsala
method at an average cooling rate of 2.25 C/min prior to freezing together with addition of fractionated or unfractionated
glycerol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Rodenas
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Murcia, Espinardo 30100, Spain
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Hidalgo M, Portero JM, Demyda-Peyrás S, Ortiz I, Dorado J. Cryopreservation of canine semen after cold storage in a Neopor box: effect of extender, centrifugation and storage time. Vet Rec 2014; 175:20. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.102010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Hidalgo
- Animal Reproduction Group; Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Cordoba; Córdoba 14071 Spain
| | - J. M. Portero
- Animal Reproduction Group; Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Cordoba; Córdoba 14071 Spain
| | - S. Demyda-Peyrás
- MERAGEM Research Group; Department of Genetics; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Cordoba; Cordoba 14071 Spain
| | - I. Ortiz
- Animal Reproduction Group; Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Cordoba; Córdoba 14071 Spain
| | - J. Dorado
- Animal Reproduction Group; Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Cordoba; Córdoba 14071 Spain
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