1
|
Abraham M, Goel S. Comprehensive characterisation and cryopreservation optimisation of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Cryobiology 2024; 115:104896. [PMID: 38641158 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2024.104896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Over half of the world's buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) inhabit India, and buffaloes frequently encounter health challenges that resist conventional treatments, prompting the exploration of alternative therapeutic strategies. One promising approach is stem cell therapy, particularly multipotent mesenchymal/stromal stem cells (MSCs). These cells have shown significant efficacy in addressing various diseases in livestock that exhibit resistance to conventional therapies. Adipose tissue-derived MSCs (ADSCs) have garnered attention due to their accessibility and robust expansion potential. The current study comprehensively characterises buffalo ADSCs (bADSCs), confirming their identity as MSCs capable of differentiating into diverse cell lineages-the identified characteristics position bADSCs as promising candidates for applications in regenerative medicine, applicable in veterinary contexts. Notably, the study established that a cryoprotective solution comprising 10 % dimethyl sulfoxide and 90 % fetal bovine serum is optimal for preserving bADSCs. This cryoprotective solution maintains vital parameters, including viability, apoptosis, senescence, cell adherence, adherent cell viability, metabolic and clonogenic efficiency, and the activity of reactive oxygen species and trilineage differentiation potential following thawing. These findings lay the foundation for developing a cryo-banking system for bADSCs. Subsequent research efforts are focused on exploring the therapeutic potential of bADSCs in specific disease models and clinical settings. The outcomes of such investigations may pave the way for innovative and effective treatments, further enhancing our understanding of the regenerative capabilities of bADSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Abraham
- DBT-National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sandeep Goel
- DBT-National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Hyderabad, Telangana, India; DBT-Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), Faridabad, Haryana, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shah AA, Sheikh AA, Hasin D, Shah F, Aarif O, Shah RA, Ahmad SB, Maqbool S, Pampori ZA. Isolation, in vitro expansion and characterization of ovine fetal adnexa-derived mesenchymal stem cells reveals a source dependent trilineage differentiation and growth kinetics. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:3908-3919. [PMID: 37493347 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2238015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to isolate, cultivate, characterize and evaluate the growth kinetics of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from fetal adnexa of sheep. The gravid uteri of ewes were collected from a local abattoir. The MSCs isolated from different fetal regions (Wharton's Jelly [oWJ], cord blood [oCB], amniotic fluid [oAF] and amniotic Sac [oAS]) were expanded in vitro and characterized for surface and pluripotency markers. The growth kinetics of MSCs was compared at 3rd and 5th passages. Similarly, the colony-forming efficiency (CFE) assay was performed at 3rd passage. The fetal adnexa-derived ovine MSCs showed the expression of CD73, CD90 and CD105. Similarly, the MSCs also expressed pluripotency markers, OCT4 and SOX2. Besides, cells also differentiated into osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic lineages. The MSCs in culture showed a typical growth curve with initial lag phase, an exponential phase, a plateau phase and a decline phase. The growth rate was highest in oAF-MSCs at P5. The population doubling time (PDT) was highest in oAS-MSCs (87.28 ± 3.24 h), whereas the colony number was highest in oAF-MSCs (53.67 ± 4.06). The study reveals that oAF-MSCs were superior which outperformed other MSCs indicating that oAF-derived MSCs could be utilized for regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aamir Amin Shah
- Division of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shuhama, J & K, India
| | - Aasif Ahmad Sheikh
- Division of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shuhama, J & K, India
| | - Dilruba Hasin
- Division of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shuhama, J & K, India
| | - Fozia Shah
- Division of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shuhama, J & K, India
| | - Ovais Aarif
- Division of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shuhama, J & K, India
| | - Riaz Ahmad Shah
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shuhama, J & K, India
| | - Sheikh Bilal Ahmad
- Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shuhama, J & K, India
| | - Showkat Maqbool
- Division of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shuhama, J & K, India
| | - Z A Pampori
- Division of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Shuhama, J & K, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ozden Akkaya O, Dikmen T, Nawaz S, Kibria AG, Altunbaş K, Yağci A, Erdoğan M, Yaprakci MV. Comparison of proliferation and osteogenic differentiation potential of bovine adipose tissue and bone marrow derived stem cells. Biotech Histochem 2023; 98:267-279. [PMID: 36815431 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2023.2177347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow derived stem cells (BMSC) are the most utilized cell type in the field of bone regeneration. Although BMSC are both safe and efficacious, the search for alternative sources for stem cells continues. We investigated bovine BMSC and adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells (ATSC) using immunofluorescence and PCR. We further compared the osteogenic differentiation potentials of both sources of stem cells. We assessed alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzyme levels and calcium deposition in differentiating cells at days 7, 14 and 21 to compare the osteogenic differentiation capability of both cell types. We found that ATSC expressed significantly higher ALP levels compared to BMSC throughout osteogenic differentiation. Calcium deposition was greater in ATSC than BMSC at days 7 and 14. By the end of day 21, BMSC produced greater calcium deposition. We found that ATSC undergo osteogenic differentiation more rapidly than BMSC, but BMSC provide greater mineralization over longer periods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Ozden Akkaya
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Türkiye
| | - Tayfun Dikmen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Türkiye
| | - Shah Nawaz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Türkiye.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Asm Golam Kibria
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Türkiye.,Department of Anatomy and Histology, Chattogram University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Korhan Altunbaş
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Türkiye
| | - Artay Yağci
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Milas Veterinary Faculty, Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University, Mugla, Türkiye
| | - Metin Erdoğan
- Department of Veterinary Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Türkiye
| | - Mustafa Volkan Yaprakci
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Türkiye
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Singh H, Lonare MK, Sharma M, Udehiya R, Singla S, Saini SP, Dumka VK. Interactive effect of carbendazim and imidacloprid on buffalo bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells: oxidative stress, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. Drug Chem Toxicol 2023; 46:35-49. [PMID: 34844488 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.2007023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The effect of a combination of two pesticides, carbendazim (CBZ) and imidacloprid (IMI), was investigated on mesenchymal stem cells derived from the bone marrow of buffalo (bMSCs). The bMSCs were exposed to the CBZ (2.25 µM, 4.49 µM, and 8.98 µM) and IMI (0.81 mM, 1.61 mM, and 3.22 mM) alone as well as in combinations. The bMSCs were found to be positive for the stem cell markers, AP, CD73, and OCT4. The bMSCs showed a significant reduction (p ≤ 0.05) in cell viability, and status of anti-oxidants while a significant increase (p ≤ 0.05) in the level of LDH, ALP, and CK-MB in CBZ and IMI-treated groups. A significant increase (p ≤ 0.05) was noticed in LPO, O2─ radical, total ROS, loss of ΔΨm, apoptotic index, and DNA damage in CBZ and IMI-treated groups. A low-dose combination group showed an elevated effect compared to the groups treated with the single pesticide. The interaction index was calculated for CBZ-IMI combined treatment groups on various parameters that showed the majority of antagonist effects. Present findings confirmed that CBZ and IMI-induced cytotoxicity in bMSCs was mediated via ROS production, altered ΔΨm and LPO along with depressed antioxidant status which was responsible for cell apoptosis and cell damage. This study suggested that CBZ and IMI had a dose-dependent toxic effect when the pesticides were used alone, while, co-exposure to both the pesticides simultaneously had an antagonist or non-additive effect on buffalo bMSCs at lower dose combinations and they induced a potentiating effect at high-dose combination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rahul Udehiya
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Saloni Singla
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gugjoo MB, Hussain S, Amarpal, Shah RA, Dhama K. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Mediated Immuno-Modulatory and Anti- Inflammatory Mechanisms in Immune and Allergic Disorders. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 14:3-14. [PMID: 32000656 PMCID: PMC7509741 DOI: 10.2174/1872213x14666200130100236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background: Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are present in almost all the tissues of the body and act as the backbone of the internal tissue homeostasis. Among their various characteristic features, immuno-modulatory and/ anti-inflammatory properties play an important role in therapeutics. Objective: The current topic focuses on the characterization and immuno-modulatory and/ anti-inflammatory properties of MSCs. To present and discuss the current status of MSCs immuno-modulatory properties. Methods: Available literature on MSCs properties and patents have been detailed, critically interpreted, and discussed based upon available literature. The main focus has been on their characteristic immuno-modulatory and anti-inflammatory properties though some of the basic characterization markers have also been detailed. The databases searched for the literature include PubMed, Med Line, PubMed Central, Science Direct and a few other scientific databases. Results: MSCs are present in a very limited concentration in the tissues, and as such their culture expansion becomes imperative. MSCs immuno-modulatory and anti-inflammatory roles are achieved through direct cell-cell contact and / by the release of certain factors. Such properties are controlled by micro-environment upon which currently very limited control can be exerted. Besides, further insights in the xeno-protein free culture media as against the fetal bovine serum is required. Conclusion: MSCs have been well-isolated, cultured and characterized from numerous tissues of the body. The majority of the studies have shown MSCs as immuno-compromised with immunomodulatory and / or anti-inflammatory properties except some of the latest studies that have failed to achieve the desired results and thus, demand further research. Further research is required in the area to translate the results into clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mudasir B Gugjoo
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST, Shuhama, Srinagar-190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Shahid Hussain
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST, Shuhama, Srinagar-190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Amarpal
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Riaz A Shah
- Divison of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST, Shuhama, Srinagar-190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICARIndian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Branco E, Miranda C, Lima A, Silva K, Cabral R, Miranda M, Ohashi O, Oliveira E, Silva L, Freitas D, Miglino M. Bone marrow mononuclear cells versus mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue on bone healing in an Old World primate: can this be extrapolated to humans? ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-10362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT In veterinary medicine, the cell therapy is still unexplored and there are many unanswered questions that researchers tend to extrapolate to humans in an attempt to treat certain injuries. Investigating this subject in nonhuman primates turns out to be an unparalleled opportunity to better understand the dynamics of stem cells against some diseases. Thus, we aimed to compare the efficiency of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from adipose tissue of Chlorocebus aethiops in induced bone injury. Ten animals were used, male adults subjected, to bone injury the iliac crests. The MSCs were isolated by and cultured. In an autologous manner, the BMMCs were infused in the right iliac crest, and MSCs from adipose tissue in the left iliac crest. After 4.8 months, the right iliac crests fully reconstructed, while left iliac crest continued to have obvious bone defects for up to 5.8 months after cell infusion. The best option for treatment of injuries with bone tissue loss in old world primates is to use autologous MSCs from adipose tissue, suggesting we can extrapolate the results to humans, since there is phylogenetic proximity between species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E. Branco
- Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Brazil
| | | | - A.R. Lima
- Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - E.H.C. Oliveira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Pará, Brazil
| | - L.S.C. Silva
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Pará, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gugjoo MB, Amarpal, Fazili MR, Shah RA, Sharma GT. Mesenchymal stem cell: Basic research and potential applications in cattle and buffalo. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:8618-8635. [PMID: 30515790 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Characteristic features like self-renewal, multilineage differentiation potential, and immune-modulatory/anti-inflammatory properties, besides the ability to mobilize and home distant tissues make stem cells (SCs) a lifeline for an individual. Stem cells (SCs) if could be harvested and expanded without any abnormal change may be utilized as an all-in-one solution to numerous clinical ailments. However, slender understanding of their basic physiological properties, including expression potential, behavioral alternations during culture, and the effect of niche/microenvironment has currently restricted the clinical application of SCs. Among various types of SCs, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are extensively studied due to their easy availability, straightforward harvesting, and culturing procedures, besides, their less likelihood to produce teratogens. Large ruminant MSCs have been harvested from various adult tissues and fetal membranes and are well characterized under in vitro conditions but unlike human or other domestic animals in vivo studies on cattle/buffalo MSCs have mostly been aimed at improving the animals' production potential. In this document, we focused on the status and potential application of MSCs in cattle and buffalo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mudasir Bashir Gugjoo
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, FVSc & AH, SKUAST Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K, India.,Division of Surgery, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Amarpal
- Division of Surgery, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Mujeeb R Fazili
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, FVSc & AH, SKUAST Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Riaz A Shah
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, FVSc & AH, SKUAST Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Gutulla Taru Sharma
- Division of Physiology & Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, UP, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gugjoo MB, Amarpal, Makhdoomi DM, Sharma GT. Equine Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Properties, Sources, Characterization, and Potential Therapeutic Applications. J Equine Vet Sci 2018; 72:16-27. [PMID: 30929778 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Properties like sustained multiplication and self-renewal, and homing and multilineage differentiation to undertake repair of the damaged tissues make stem cells the lifeline for any living system. Therefore, stem cell therapy is regarded to carry immense therapeutic potential. Though the dearth of understanding about the basic biological properties and pathways involved in therapeutic benefits currently limit the application of stem cells in humans as well as animals, there are innumerable reports that suggest clinical benefits of stem cell therapy in equine. Among various stem cell sources, currently adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are preferred for therapeutic application in horse owing to their easy availability, capacity to modulate inflammation, and promote healing. Also the cells carry very limited teratogenic risk compared to the pluripotent stem cells. Mesenchymal stem cells were earlier considered mainly for musculoskeletal tissues, but now may also be utilized in other diverse clinical problems in horse, and the results may be extrapolated even for human medicine. The current review highlights biological properties, sources, mechanisms, and potential therapeutic applications of stem cells in equine practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mudasir Bashir Gugjoo
- Division of Surgery, Indian Veterinary Research Institute-Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India.
| | - Amarpal
- Division of Surgery, Indian Veterinary Research Institute-Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - Dil Mohammad Makhdoomi
- Division of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, SKUAST-Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Gutulla Taru Sharma
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute-Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bhat IA, T B S, Somal A, Pandey S, Bharti MK, Panda BSK, B I, Verma M, J A, Sonwane A, Kumar GS, Amarpal, Chandra V, Sharma GT. An allogenic therapeutic strategy for canine spinal cord injury using mesenchymal stem cells. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:2705-2718. [PMID: 30132873 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to characterize canine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs); in vivo tracking in mice, and therapeutic evaluation in canine clinical paraplegia cases. Canine BMSCs were isolated, cultured, and characterized in vitro as per International Society for Cellular Therapy criteria, and successfully differentiated to chondrogenic, osteogenic, and adipogenic lineages. To demonstrate the homing property, the pGL4.51 vector that contained luciferase reporter gene was used to transfect BMSCs. Successfully transfected cells were injected around the skin wound in mice and in vivo imaging was done at 6, 12 and 24 hr post MSCs delivery. In vivo imaging revealed that transfected BMSCs migrated and concentrated predominantly toward the center of the wound. BMSCs were further evaluated for allogenic therapeutic potential in 44 clinical cases of spinal cord injuries (SCI) and compared with conventional therapy (control). Therapeutic potential as evaluated by different body reflexes and recovery score depicted significantly better results in stem cell-treated group compared to control group. In conclusion, allogenic canine BMSCs can serve as potent therapeutic candidate in cell-based therapies, especially for diseases like SCI, where the conventional medication is not so promising.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irfan A Bhat
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veter inary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sivanarayanan T B
- Division of Veterinary Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anjali Somal
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, CSK HPKV Palampur (H.P.)
| | - Sriti Pandey
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veter inary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mukesh K Bharti
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veter inary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bibhudatta S K Panda
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veter inary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Indu B
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veter inary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Megha Verma
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veter inary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anand J
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veter inary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arvind Sonwane
- Division of Animal Genetics, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - G Sai Kumar
- Division of Veterinary Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amarpal
- Division of Veterinary Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vikash Chandra
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veter inary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - G Taru Sharma
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veter inary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Deng Y, Huang G, Zou L, Nong T, Yang X, Cui J, Wei Y, Yang S, Shi D. Isolation and characterization of buffalo (bubalus bubalis) amniotic mesenchymal stem cells derived from amnion from the first trimester pregnancy. J Vet Med Sci 2018. [PMID: 29515060 PMCID: PMC5938205 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) from livestock are valuable resources for animal
reproduction and veterinary therapeutic. The purpose of this study is to explore a
suitable way to isolate and culture the buffalo AMSCs (bAMSCs), and to identify their
biological characteristics. Digestion with a combination of trypsin-EDTA and collagenase
type I could obtain pure bAMSCs more effectively than trypsin-EDTA or collagenase type I
alone. bAMSCs could proliferate steadily in vitro culture and exhibited
fibroblastic-like morphology in vortex-shaped colony. bAMSCs were positive for
MSC-specific markers CD44, CD90, CD105,
CD73, β-integrin (CD29) and
CD166, and pluripotent markers OCT4,
SOX2, NANOG, REX-1,
SSEA-1, SSEA-4 and TRA-1-81, but
negative for hematopoietic markers CD34, CD45 and
epithelial cells specific marker Cytokeratin 18. In addition, bAMSCs were capable of
differentiating into adipogenic, osteogenic, chondrogenic and neural lineages, with
expression of FABP4, Ost, ACAN,
COL2A1, Nestin and β III-tubulin.
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 inhibitor: kenpaullone promoted bAMSCs to differentiate into
neural lineage. This study provides an effective protocol to obtain and characterize
bAMSCs, which have proven useful as a cell resource for buffalo cell reprogramming studies
and transgenic animal production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Deng
- Aninal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Guiting Huang
- Aninal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.,Reproductive Medicine Center, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Lingxiu Zou
- Aninal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Tianying Nong
- Aninal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xiaoling Yang
- Aninal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jiayu Cui
- Aninal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yingming Wei
- Aninal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Sufang Yang
- Aninal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Deshun Shi
- Aninal Reproduction Institute, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pratheesh MD, Gade NE, Nath A, Dubey PK, Sivanarayanan TB, Madhu DN, Sreekumar TR, Amarpal, Saikumar G, Sharma GT. Evaluation of persistence and distribution of intra-dermally administered PKH26 labelled goat bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells in cutaneous wound healing model. Cytotechnology 2017; 69:841-849. [PMID: 28497366 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-017-0097-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study was designed to study the persistence and distribution of caprine bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (cBM-MSCs) when administered intra-dermally in experimentally induced cutaneous wounds in rabbits. MSC's from goat bone marrow were isolated and their differentiation potential towards adipogenic and osteogenic lineages were assayed in vitro. The isolated cells were phenotypically analysed using flow cytometry for the expression of MSC specific matrix receptors (CD73, CD105 and Stro-1) and absence of hematopoietic lineage markers. Further, these in vitro expanded MSCs were stained with PKH26 lipophilic cell membrane red fluorescent dye and prepared for transplantation into cutaneous wounds created on rabbits. Five, 2 cm linear full thickness skin incisions were created on either side of dorsal midline of New Zealand white rabbits (n = 4). Four wounds in each animal were implanted intra-dermally with PKH26 labelled cBM-MSCs suspended in 500 µl of Phosphate Buffer Saline (PBS). Fifth wound was injected with PBS alone and treated as negative control. The skin samples were collected from respective wounds on 3, 7, 10 and 14 days after the wound creation, and cryosections of 6 µM were made from it. Fluorescent microscopy of these cryosections showed that the PKH26 labelled transplanted cells and their daughter cells demonstrated a diffuse pattern of distribution initially and were later concentrated towards the wound edges and finally appeared to be engrafted with the newly developed skin tissues. The labelled cells were found retained in the wound bed throughout the period of 14 days of experimental study with a gradual decline in their intensity of red fluorescence probably due to the dye dilution as a result of multiple cell division. The retention of transplanted MSCs within the wound bed even after the complete wound healing suggests that in addition to their paracrine actions as already been reported, they may have direct involvement in various stages of intricate wound healing process which needs to be explored further.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M D Pratheesh
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India.,Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode, India
| | - Nitin E Gade
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India.,College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Durg, India
| | - Amar Nath
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India.,Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Pawan K Dubey
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India.,Centre for Genetic Disorders, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - T B Sivanarayanan
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - D N Madhu
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - T R Sreekumar
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India.,Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode, India
| | - Amarpal
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - G Saikumar
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
| | - G Taru Sharma
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Comparative study on characterization and wound healing potential of goat (Capra hircus) mesenchymal stem cells derived from fetal origin amniotic fluid and adult bone marrow. Res Vet Sci 2017; 112:81-88. [PMID: 28135618 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Caprine amniotic fluid (cAF) and bone marrow cells (cBM) were isolated, expanded and phenotypically characterized by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) specific cell surface markers. Both cell types were compared for multilineage differentiation potential by flow cytometry using specific antibodies against lineage specific markers. Furthermore, in vitro expanded cAF-MSCs showed higher expression of trophic factors viz. VEGF and TGF-β1 as compared to cBM-MSCs. Full-skin thickness excisional wounds created on either side of the dorsal midline (thoracolumbar) of New Zealand White rabbits were randomly assigned to subcutaneous injection of either fetal origin cAF-MSCs (n=4) or adult cBM-MSCs (n=4) or sterile PBS (control, n=4). The rate of wound closure was found faster (p<0.05) in cAF-MSCs treated wounds as compared with cBM-MSCs and PBS treated wounds especially on 21st day post-skin excision. Histomorphological examination of the healing tissue showed that wound healing was improved (p<0.05) by greater epithelialization, neovascularization and collagen development in cAF-MSCs as compared to cBM-MSCs and PBS treated wounds.
Collapse
|
13
|
Gugjoo MB, Amarpal, Sharma GT, Aithal HP, Kinjavdekar P. Cartilage tissue engineering: Role of mesenchymal stem cells along with growth factors & scaffolds. Indian J Med Res 2016; 144:339-347. [PMID: 28139532 PMCID: PMC5320839 DOI: 10.4103/0971-5916.198724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Articular cartilage injury poses a major challenge for both the patient and orthopaedician. Articular cartilage defects once formed do not regenerate spontaneously, rather replaced by fibrocartilage which is weaker in mechanical competence than the normal hyaline cartilage. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) along with different growth factors and scaffolds are currently incorporated in tissue engineering to overcome the deficiencies associated with currently available surgical methods and to facilitate cartilage healing. MSCs, being readily available with a potential to differentiate into chondrocytes which are enhanced by the application of different growth factors, are considered for effective repair of articular cartilage after injury. However, therapeutic application of MSCs and growth factors for cartilage repair remains in its infancy, with no comparative clinical study to that of the other surgical techniques. The present review covers the role of MSCs, growth factors and scaffolds for the repair of articular cartilage injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. B. Gugjoo
- Division of Surgery, Modular Laboratory Building, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
- Clinical Veterinary Services Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Shuhama, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Srinagar, India
| | - Amarpal
- Division of Surgery, Modular Laboratory Building, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - G. T. Sharma
- Division of Physiology & Climatology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - H. P. Aithal
- Division of Surgery, Modular Laboratory Building, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - P. Kinjavdekar
- Division of Surgery, Modular Laboratory Building, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Somal A, Bhat IA, B. I, Pandey S, Panda BSK, Thakur N, Sarkar M, Chandra V, Saikumar G, Sharma GT. A Comparative Study of Growth Kinetics, In Vitro Differentiation Potential and Molecular Characterization of Fetal Adnexa Derived Caprine Mesenchymal Stem Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156821. [PMID: 27257959 PMCID: PMC4892572 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted with an objective of isolation, in vitro expansion, growth kinetics, molecular characterization and in vitro differentiation of fetal adnexa derived caprine mesenchymal stem cells. Mid-gestation gravid caprine uteri (2–3 months) were collected from abattoir to derive mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from fetal adnexa {amniotic fluid (cAF), amniotic sac (cAS), Wharton’s jelly (cWJ) and cord blood (cCB)} and expanded in vitro. These cultured MSCs were used at the 3rd passage (P3) to study growth kinetics, localization as well as molecular expression of specific surface antigens, pluripotency markers and mesenchymal tri-lineage differentiation. In comparison to cAF and cAS MSCs, cWJ and cCB MSCs showed significantly (P<0.05) higher clonogenic potency, faster growth rate and low population doubling (PDT) time. All the four types of MSCs were positive for alkaline phosphatase (AP) and differentiated into chondrogenic, osteogenic, and adipogenic lineages. These stem cells expressed MSC surface antigens (CD73, CD90 and CD105) and pluripotency markers (Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, KLF, cMyc, FoxD3) but did not express CD34, a hematopoietic stem cell marker (HSC) as confirmed by RT-PCR, immunocytochemistry and flow cytometric analysis. The relative mRNA expression of MSC surface antigens (CD73, CD90 and CD105) was significantly (P<0.05) higher in cWJ MSCs compared to the other cell lines. The mRNA expression of Oct4 was significantly (P<0.05) higher in cWJ, whereas mRNA expression of KLF and cMyc was significantly (P<0.05) higher in cWJ and cAF than that of cAS and cCB. The comparative assessment revealed that cWJ MSCs outperformed MSCs from other sources of fetal adnexa in terms of growth kinetics, relative mRNA expression of surface antigens, pluripotency markers and tri-lineage differentiation potential, hence, these MSCs could be used as a preferred source for regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Somal
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Bareilly, U.P., India
| | - Irfan A. Bhat
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Bareilly, U.P., India
| | - Indu B.
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Bareilly, U.P., India
| | - Sriti Pandey
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Bareilly, U.P., India
| | - Bibhudatta S. K. Panda
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Bareilly, U.P., India
| | - Nipuna Thakur
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Bareilly, U.P., India
| | - Mihir Sarkar
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Bareilly, U.P., India
| | - Vikash Chandra
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Bareilly, U.P., India
| | - G. Saikumar
- Division of Veterinary Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Bareilly, U.P., India
| | - G. Taru Sharma
- Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, Bareilly, U.P., India
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mehrfarjam Z, Esmaeili F, Shabani L, Ebrahimie E. Induction of pancreatic β cell gene expression in mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Biol Int 2016; 40:486-500. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Mehrfarjam
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center; Lorestan University of Medical Sciences; P.O. Box 681499468 Khorramabad Iran
| | - Fariba Esmaeili
- Faculty of Basic Sciences; Department of Biology; University of Isfahan; P.O. Box 8174673441 Isfahan Iran
- Research Institute of Biotechnology; Shahrekord University; P.O. Box 115 Shahrekord Iran
| | - Leila Shabani
- Research Institute of Biotechnology; Shahrekord University; P.O. Box 115 Shahrekord Iran
| | - Esmaeil Ebrahimie
- Institute of Biotechnology; Shiraz University; Shiraz Iran
- Division of Information Technology, Engineering & Environment; School of Information Technology and Mathematical Sciences; University of South Australia; Adelaide Australia
- Department of Genetics and Evolution; The University of Adelaide; Adelaide Australia
- Faculty of Science and Engineering; School of Biological Sciences; Flinders University; Adelaide Australia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gugjoo MB, . A, Kinjavdeka P, Aithal HP, Matin Ansa M, Pawde AM, Sharma GT. Isolation, Culture and Characterization of New Zealand White Rabbit Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Bone Marrow. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/ajava.2015.537.548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
17
|
Wang Y, Peng W, Liu X, Zhu M, Sun T, Peng Q, Zeng Y, Feng B, Zhi W, Weng J, Wang J. Study of bilineage differentiation of human-bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in oxidized sodium alginate/N-succinyl chitosan hydrogels and synergistic effects of RGD modification and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:2518-28. [PMID: 24394634 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The level of formation of new bone and vascularization in bone tissue engineering scaffold implants is considered as a critical factor for clinical application. In this study, an approach using an RGD-grafted oxidized sodium alginate/N-succinyl chitosan (RGD-OSA/NSC) hydrogel as a scaffold and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) as mechanical stimulation was proposed to achieve a high level of formation of new bone and vascularization. An in vitro study of endothelial and osteogenic differentiations of human-bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) was conducted to evaluate it. The results showed that RGD-OSA/NSC composite hydrogels presented good biological properties in attachment, proliferation and differentiation of cells. The MTT cell viability assay showed that the total number of cells increased more significantly in the LIPUS-stimulated groups with RGD than that in the control ones; similar results were obtained for alkaline phosphatase activity/staining and mineralized nodule formation assay of osteogenic induction and immunohistochemical test of endothelial induction. The positive synergistic effect of LIPUS and RGD on the enhancement of proliferation and differentiation of hMSCs was observed. These findings suggest that the hybrid use of RGD modification and LIPUS might provide one approach to achieve a high level of formation of new bone and vascularization in bone tissue engineering scaffold implants.
Collapse
|
18
|
Molecular characterization and xenogenic application of Wharton's jelly derived caprine mesenchymal stem cells. Vet Res Commun 2014; 38:139-48. [PMID: 24604133 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-014-9597-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aim of the present study was in vitro expansion and characterization of caprine wharton's jelly derived mesenchymal stem cells (cWJ-MSCs) to investigate their tissue healing potential in xenogenic animal model. Plastic adherent fibroblastoid cell populations with distinctive homogeneous morphology were isolated from caprine Wharton's jelly explants. These Wharton's jelly derived cells were found positive for the surface markers CD-73, STRO-1 and CD-105, whereas they were negative for hematopoetic stem cell marker CD-34. In vitro cultured cWJ-MSCs also showed differentiation properties into osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic lineages as demonstrated by von Kossa, Oil Red-O and Alcian blue staining respectively, which was further confirmed and quantified by flow cytometric analysis. Furthermore, these well characterized cWJ-MSCs were evaluated for the wound-healing potential in full-thickness skin wounds in rabbit model for 28 days. Caprine WJ- MSCs treated skin wounds showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher percentage of wound contraction especially at the 21(st) day post transplantation when compared to PBS treated control group animals. Further, we observed better healing potential of cWJ-MSCs in terms of histo-morphological evaluation, epithelialisation and collagenization with matured vascularization stage by day 28 as compared to control. In conclusion, cWJ- MSCs provide an alternative inexhaustible source of mesenchymal stem cells and also unravel new perspectives pertaining to the therapeutic use of these cells in different species.
Collapse
|
19
|
Lu T, Huang Y, Wang H, Ma Y, Guan W. Multi-lineage potential research of bone marrow-derived stromal cells (BMSCs) from cattle. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 172:21-35. [PMID: 24043451 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0458-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bovine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (bBMSCs) were isolated from the bone marrow of a 4-6-month-old fetal bovine and then characterized by immunofluorescence and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. We found that primary bBMSCs could be expanded for 46 passages; the total culture time in vitro was 125 days. The results of surface antigen detection showed that bBMSCs expressed CD29, CD44, and CD73 but did not express endothelial cells and hematopoietic cells-specific marker CD31, CD34, and CD45. The cells from four passages (passages 3, 9, 15, and 25) were successfully induced to differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes, hepatic, and islet-like cells. The results indicate the potential for multi-lineage differentiation of bBMSCs that may represent an ideal candidate for cellular transplantation therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taofeng Lu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|