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Balogun EO, Inaoka DK, Shiba T, Tsuge C, May B, Sato T, Kido Y, Nara T, Aoki T, Honma T, Tanaka A, Inoue M, Matsuoka S, Michels PAM, Watanabe YI, Moore AL, Harada S, Kita K. Discovery of trypanocidal coumarins with dual inhibition of both the glycerol kinase and alternative oxidase of Trypanosoma brucei brucei. FASEB J 2019; 33:13002-13013. [PMID: 31525300 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901342r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
African trypanosomiasis, sleeping sickness in humans or nagana in animals, is a potentially fatal neglected tropical disease and a threat to 65 million human lives and 100 million small and large livestock animals in sub-Saharan Africa. Available treatments for this devastating disease are few and have limited efficacy, prompting the search for new drug candidates. Simultaneous inhibition of the trypanosomal glycerol kinase (TGK) and trypanosomal alternative oxidase (TAO) is considered a validated strategy toward the development of new drugs. Our goal is to develop a TGK-specific inhibitor for coadministration with ascofuranone (AF), the most potent TAO inhibitor. Here, we report on the identification of novel compounds with inhibitory potency against TGK. Importantly, one of these compounds (compound 17) and its derivatives (17a and 17b) killed trypanosomes even in the absence of AF. Inhibition kinetics revealed that derivative 17b is a mixed-type and competitive inhibitor for TGK and TAO, respectively. Structural data revealed the molecular basis of this dual inhibitory action, which, in our opinion, will aid in the successful development of a promising drug to treat trypanosomiasis. Although the EC50 of compound 17b against trypanosome cells was 1.77 µM, it had no effect on cultured human cells, even at 50 µM.-Balogun, E. O., Inaoka, D. K., Shiba, T., Tsuge, C., May, B., Sato, T., Kido, Y., Nara, T., Aoki, T., Honma, T., Tanaka, A., Inoue, M., Matsuoka, S., Michels, P. A. M., Watanabe, Y.-I., Moore, A. L., Harada, S., Kita, K. Discovery of trypanocidal coumarins with dual inhibition of both the glycerol kinase and alternative oxidase of Trypanosoma brucei brucei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Oluwadare Balogun
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.,Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daniel Ken Inaoka
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,Department of Molecular Infection Dynamics, Shionogi Global Infectious Disease Division, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tomoo Shiba
- Department of Applied Biology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chiaki Tsuge
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Benjamin May
- Biochemistry and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Tomohiro Sato
- Systems and Structural Biology Center, Riken, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasutoshi Kido
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.,Department of Parasitology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nara
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Aoki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teruki Honma
- Systems and Structural Biology Center, Riken, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akiko Tanaka
- Systems and Structural Biology Center, Riken, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masayuki Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Matsuoka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Paul A M Michels
- Centre for Immunity, Infection, and Evolution School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Centre for Translational and Chemical Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Yoh-Ichi Watanabe
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Anthony L Moore
- Biochemistry and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Shigeharu Harada
- Department of Applied Biology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Kita
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,Department of Molecular Infection Dynamics, Shionogi Global Infectious Disease Division, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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