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Apfelbeck M, Clevert DA, Stief CG, Chaloupka M. [Sonography of the prostate : Relevance for urologists in daily clinical routine]. Urologe A 2022; 61:365-373. [PMID: 35244746 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-022-01767-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite the continuous technical progress regarding the transrectal ultrasonography of the prostate (TRUS) and its successful use in combination with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in MRI-targeted biopsy, there is no radiologic modality being able to rule out clinically significant prostate cancer without the need of systematic biopsy. In the past few years, TRUS regained more attention due to the development of high frequency ultrasound as well as the combination of different ultrasonic modalities like shear wave elastography and contrast-enhanced sonography (CEUS). Currently, multiparametric MRI (mpMRI)-targeted biopsy shows the best results concerning detection rates, sensitivity and specificity of clinically significant prostate cancer compared to systematic biopsy. In the future, transperineal biopsy is probably going to increasingly replace the transrectal biopsy approach. For both approaches, transrectal ultrasonography is necessary to display the prostate and to detect suspicious lesions. Therefore future improvements in transrectal ultrasonography can be expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Apfelbeck
- Urologische Klinik und Poliklinik des LMU Klinikums, Campus Großhadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, München, Deutschland.
| | - Dirk-André Clevert
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Radiologie des LMU Klinikums, Campus Großhadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, München, Deutschland
| | - Christian G Stief
- Urologische Klinik und Poliklinik des LMU Klinikums, Campus Großhadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, München, Deutschland
| | - Michael Chaloupka
- Urologische Klinik und Poliklinik des LMU Klinikums, Campus Großhadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, München, Deutschland
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Huang C, Song G, Wang H, Ji G, Li J, Chen Y, Fan Y, Fang D, Xiong G, Xin Z, Zhou L. MultiParametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Based Nomogram for Predicting Prostate Cancer and Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer in Men Undergoing Repeat Prostate Biopsy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:6368309. [PMID: 30276213 PMCID: PMC6157114 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6368309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop and internally validate nomograms based on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) to predict prostate cancer (PCa) and clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) in patients with a previous negative prostate biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS The clinicopathological parameters of 231 patients who underwent a repeat systematic prostate biopsy and mpMRI were reviewed. Based on Prostate Imaging and Reporting Data System, the mpMRI results were assigned into three groups: Groups "negative," "suspicious," and "positive." Two clinical nomograms for predicting the probabilities of PCa and csPCa were constructed. The performances of nomograms were assessed using area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs), calibrations, and decision curve analysis. RESULTS The median PSA was 15.03 ng/ml and abnormal DRE was presented in 14.3% of patients in the entire cohort. PCa was detected in 75 patients (32.5%), and 59 (25.5%) were diagnosed with csPCa. In multivariate analysis, age, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), prostate volume (PV), digital rectal examination (DRE), and mpMRI finding were significantly independent predictors for PCa and csPCa (all p < 0.01). Of those patients diagnosed with PCa or csPCa, 20/75 (26.7%) and 18/59 (30.5%) had abnormal DRE finding, respectively. Two mpMRI-based nomograms with super predictive accuracy were constructed (AUCs = 0.878 and 0.927, p < 0.001), and both exhibited excellent calibration. Decision curve analysis also demonstrated a high net benefit across a wide range of probability thresholds. CONCLUSION mpMRI combined with age, PSA, PV, and DRE can help predict the probability of PCa and csPCa in patients who underwent a repeat systematic prostate biopsy after a previous negative biopsy. The two nomograms may aid the decision-making process in men with prior benign histology before the performance of repeat prostate biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Huang
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Center of China, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Gang Song
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Center of China, Beijing 100034, China
| | - He Wang
- Department of Radiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Guangjie Ji
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Center of China, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Urology, Lishui Central Hospital, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, 323000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuke Chen
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Center of China, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yu Fan
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Center of China, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Dong Fang
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Center of China, Beijing 100034, China
- Department of Andrology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Gengyan Xiong
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Center of China, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Zhongcheng Xin
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Center of China, Beijing 100034, China
- Department of Andrology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Liqun Zhou
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
- Institute of Urology, Peking University, National Urological Cancer Center of China, Beijing 100034, China
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Pummer K, Rieken M, Augustin H, Gutschi T, Shariat SF. Innovations in diagnostic imaging of localized prostate cancer. World J Urol 2015; 32:881-90. [PMID: 24078105 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-013-1172-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In recent years, various imaging modalities have been developed to improve diagnosis, staging, and localization of early-stage prostate cancer (PCa). METHODS A MEDLINE literature search of the time frame between 01/2007 and 06/2013 was performed on imaging of localized PCa. RESULTS Conventional transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) is mainly used to guide prostate biopsy. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound is based on the assumption that PCa tissue is hypervascularized and might be better identified after intravenous injection of a microbubble contrast agent. However, results on its additional value for cancer detection are controversial. Computer-based analysis of the transrectal ultrasound signal (C-TRUS) appears to detect cancer in a high rate of patients with previous biopsies. Real-time elastography seems to have higher sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value than conventional TRUS. However, the method still awaits prospective validation. The same is true for prostate histoscanning, an ultrasound-based method for tissue characterization. Currently, multiparametric MRI provides improved tissue visualization of the prostate, which may be helpful in the diagnosis and targeting of prostate lesions. However, most published series are small and suffer from variations in indication, methodology, quality, interpretation, and reporting. CONCLUSIONS Among ultrasound-based techniques, real-time elastography and C-TRUS seem the most promising techniques. Multiparametric MRI appears to have advantages over conventional T2-weighted MRI in the detection of PCa. Despite these promising results, currently, no recommendation for the routine use of these novel imaging techniques can be made. Prospective studies defining the value of various imaging modalities are urgently needed.
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Abstract
Accurate identification of the location of carcinoma in the prostate is essential for long-term therapeutic success, in particular for minimally invasive procedures. In recent years many new positive study results for prostate imaging have been reported which must be compared and evaluated and previous conservative assessments may need to be re-evaluated. In addition, combinations of different imaging techniques are increasingly being used in daily clinical routine. Due to technical advancements in sonographic imaging, such as elastography and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), the detection rate of prostate cancer can be increased. An overview of the different imaging modalities and current literature are presented in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Schlenker
- Urologische Klinik und Poliklinik des Klinikums der Universität München, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377, München, Deutschland,
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Kuru TH, Fütterer JJ, Schiffmann J, Porres D, Salomon G, Rastinehad AR. Transrectal Ultrasound (US), Contrast-enhanced US, Real-time Elastography, HistoScanning, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and MRI-US Fusion Biopsy in the Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol Focus 2015; 1:117-126. [PMID: 28723422 DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Debates on overdiagnosis and overtreatment of prostate cancer (PCa) are ongoing and there is still huge uncertainty regarding misclassification of prostate biopsy results. Several imaging techniques that have emerged in recent years could overcome over- and underdiagnosis in PCa. OBJECTIVE To review the literature on transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-based techniques (contrast enhancement, HistoScanning, elastography) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based techniques for a nonsystematic overview of their benefits and limitations. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A comprehensive search of the PubMed database between August 2004 and August 2014 was performed. Studies assessing grayscale TRUS, contrast-enhanced (CE)-TRUS, elastography, HistoScanning, multiparametric MRI (mpMRI), and MRI-TRUS fusion biopsy were included. Publications before 2004 were included if they reported the principle or the first clinical results for these techniques. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Grayscale TRUS alone cannot detect PCa foci (detection rate 23-29%). TRUS-based (elastography) and MRI-based techniques (MRI-TRUS fusion biopsy) have significantly improved PCa diagnostics, with sensitivity of 53-74% and specificity of 72-95%. HistoScanning does not provide convincing or homogeneous results (specificity 19-82%). CE-TRUS seems to be user dependent; it is used in a low number of high-volume centers and has wide ranges for sensitivity (54-79%) and specificity (42-95%). For all the techniques reviewed, prospective multicenter studies with consistent definitions are lacking. CONCLUSIONS Standard grayscale TRUS is unreliable for PCa detection. Among the techniques reviewed, mpMRI and MRI-TRUS fusion biopsy seem to be suitable for enhancing PCa diagnostics. Elastography shows promising results according to the literature. CE-TRUS yields very inhomogeneous results and might not be the ideal technique for clinical practice. The value of HistoScanning must be questioned according to the literature. PATIENT SUMMARY New imaging modalities such as elastography and magnetic resonance imaging/transrectal ultrasound fusion biopsies have improved the detection of prostate cancer. This may lower the burden of overtreatment as a result of more precise diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timur H Kuru
- Department of Urology, RWTH University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Jurgen J Fütterer
- Department of Radiology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jonas Schiffmann
- Martini Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Porres
- Department of Urology, RWTH University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Georg Salomon
- Martini Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Aktas BK, Bulut S, Gokkaya CS, Ozden C, Salar R, Aslan Y, Baykam MM, Memis A. Association of Prostate Volume With Voiding Impairment and Deterioration in Quality of Life After Prostate Biopsy. Urology 2014; 83:617-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Chabanova E, Balslev I, Logager V, Hansen A, Jakobsen H, Kromann-Andersen B, Norgaard N, Horn T, Thomsen HS. Prostate cancer: 1.5 T endo-coil dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and MR spectroscopy--correlation with prostate biopsy and prostatectomy histopathological data. Eur J Radiol 2010; 80:292-6. [PMID: 20708869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2010.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2010] [Revised: 07/03/2010] [Accepted: 07/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate diagnostic accuracy of detection of prostate cancer by magnetic resonance: to evaluate the performance of T2WI, DCEMRI and CSI and to correlate the results with biopsy and radical prostatectomy histopathological data. MATERIALS AND METHODS 43 patients, scheduled for radical prostatectomy, underwent prostate MR examination. Prostate cancer was identified by transrectal ultrasonographically (TRUS) guided sextant biopsy. MR examination was performed at 1.5 T with an endorectal MR coil. Cancer localisation was performed on sextant-basis--for comparison between TRUS biopsy, MR techniques and histopathological findings on prostatectomy specimens. RESULTS Prostate cancer was identified in all 43 patients by combination of the three MR techniques. The detection of prostate cancer on sextant-basis showed sensitivity and specificity: 50% and 91% for TRUS, 72% and 55% for T2WI, 49% and 69% for DCEMRI, and 46% and 78% for CSI. CONCLUSION T2WI, DCEMRI and CSI in combination can identify prostate cancer. Further development of MR technologies for these MR methods is necessary to improve the detection of the prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta Chabanova
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Copenhagen University Hospital at Herlev, Denmark.
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