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Scariot PPM, Papoti M, Polisel EEC, Orsi JB, Van Ginkel PR, Prolla TA, Manchado-Gobatto FB, Gobatto CA. Living high - training low model applied to C57BL/6J mice: Effects on physiological parameters related to aerobic fitness and acid-base balance. Life Sci 2023; 317:121443. [PMID: 36709910 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
There is a scarcity of data regarding the acclimation to high altitude (hypoxic environment) accompanied by training at low altitude (normoxic conditions), the so-called "living high-training low" (LHTL) model in rodents. We aimed to investigate the effects of aerobic training on C57BL/6J mice living in normoxic (NOR) or hypoxic (HYP) environments on several parameters, including critical velocity (CV), a parameter regarded as a measure of aerobic capacity, on monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) in muscles and hypothalamus, as well as on hematological parameters and body temperature. In each environment, mice were divided into non-trained (N) and trained (T). Forty rodents were distributed into the following experimental groups (N-NOR; T-NOR; N-HYP and T-HYP). HYP groups were in a normobaric tent where oxygen-depleted air was pumped from a hypoxia generator set an inspired oxygen fraction [FiO2] of 14.5 %. The HYP-groups were kept (18 h per day) in a normobaric tent for consecutive 8-weeks. Training sessions were conducted in normoxic conditions ([FiO2] = 19.5 %), 5 times per week (40 min per session) at intensity equivalent to 80 % of CV. In summary, eight weeks of LHTL did not promote a greater improvement in the CV, protein expression of MCTs in different tissues when compared to the application of training alone. The LHTL model increased red blood cells count, but reduced hemoglobin per erythrocyte was found in mice exposed to LHTL. Although the LHTL did not have a major effect on thermographic records, exercise-induced hyperthermia (in the head) was attenuated in HYP groups when compared to NOR groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Paulo Menezes Scariot
- Laboratory of Applied Sport Physiology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Papoti
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Juan Bordon Orsi
- Laboratory of Applied Sport Physiology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - Paul R Van Ginkel
- Department of Genetics & Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Tomas A Prolla
- Department of Genetics & Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Claudio Alexandre Gobatto
- Laboratory of Applied Sport Physiology, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, SP, Brazil.
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Mortola JP, Louis AS, Simeonova M, Toro Velasquez PA. The motility of the chicken embryo: Energetic cost and effects of hypoxia. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2013; 188:172-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2013.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Role of preoptic opioid receptors in the body temperature reduction during hypoxia. Brain Res 2009; 1286:66-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2009] [Revised: 06/10/2009] [Accepted: 06/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Heydarnejad MS. Survival of Paramecium caudatum at various pH values and under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Pak J Biol Sci 2008; 11:392-397. [PMID: 18817161 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2008.392.397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the survival of Paramecium caudatum, a protozoan ciliate, with different pH under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. P. caudatum was exposed to 18 treatments (in triplicate) of varying pH (4, 4.7, 5.7, 6.7, 7.7, 8.7, 9.7, 10.7 and 11.7) with two different conditions of normoxic and hypoxic. Survival was examined every second day for three weeks. P. caudatum mortality was 100% immediately when exposed to pH 4, 10.7 and 11.7 either in normoxic or hypoxic conditions, whereas at other pH values tested this ciliate could survive mostly under hypoxic conditions. The results suggest that under hypoxic condition, 4.7-6.7 is the best pH range for survival of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Saeed Heydarnejad
- Laboratory of Protozoology, Department of Biology, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord-88186, P.O. Box 115, Iran
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Abstract
Hypoxia elicits an array of compensatory responses in animals ranging from protozoa to mammals. Central among these responses is anapyrexia, the regulated decrease of body temperature. The importance of anapyrexia lies in the fact that it reduces oxygen consumption, increases the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen, and blunts the energetically costly responses to hypoxia. The mechanisms of anapyrexia are of intense interest to physiologists. Several substances, among them lactate, adenosine, opioids, and nitric oxide, have been suggested as putative mediators of anapyrexia, and most appear to act in the central nervous system. Moreover, there is evidence that the drop in body temperature in response to hypoxia, unlike the ventilatory response to hypoxia, does not depend on the activation of peripheral chemoreceptors. The current knowledge of the mechanisms of hypoxia-induced anapyrexia are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre A Steiner
- Department of Morphology, Estomatology and Physiology, Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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