1
|
Körner J, Albani S, Sudha Bhagavath Eswaran V, Roehl AB, Rossetti G, Lampert A. Sodium Channels and Local Anesthetics-Old Friends With New Perspectives. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:837088. [PMID: 35418860 PMCID: PMC8996304 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.837088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The long history of local anesthetics (LAs) starts out in the late 19th century when the content of coca plant leaves was discovered to alleviate pain. Soon after, cocaine was established and headed off to an infamous career as a substance causing addiction. Today, LAs and related substances-in modified form-are indispensable in our clinical everyday life for pain relief during and after minor and major surgery, and dental practices. In this review, we elucidate on the interaction of modern LAs with their main target, the voltage-gated sodium channel (Navs), in the light of the recently published channel structures. Knowledge of the 3D interaction sites of the drug with the protein will allow to mechanistically substantiate the comprehensive data available on LA gating modification. In the 1970s it was suggested that LAs can enter the channel pore from the lipid phase, which was quite prospective at that time. Today we know from cryo-electron microscopy structures and mutagenesis experiments, that indeed Navs have side fenestrations facing the membrane, which are likely the entrance for LAs to induce tonic block. In this review, we will focus on the effects of LA binding on fast inactivation and use-dependent inhibition in the light of the proposed new allosteric mechanism of fast inactivation. We will elaborate on subtype and species specificity and provide insights into modelling approaches that will help identify the exact molecular binding orientation, access pathways and pharmacokinetics. With this comprehensive overview, we will provide new perspectives in the use of the drug, both clinically and as a tool for basic ion channel research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jannis Körner
- Institute of Physiology, Aachen, Germany.,Clinic of Anesthesiology, Medical Faculty, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Simone Albani
- Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-9/IAS-5), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Faculty of Mathematics, Computer Science and Natural Sciences, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Anna B Roehl
- Clinic of Anesthesiology, Medical Faculty, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Giulia Rossetti
- Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-9/IAS-5), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,Jülich Supercomputing Center (JSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Huang M, Liao Z, Li X, Yang Z, Fan X, Li Y, Zhao Z, Lang S, Cyganek L, Zhou X, Akin I, Borggrefe M, El-Battrawy I. Effects of Antiarrhythmic Drugs on hERG Gating in Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes From a Patient With Short QT Syndrome Type 1. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:675003. [PMID: 34025432 PMCID: PMC8138577 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.675003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: The short QT syndrome type 1 (SQT1) is linked to hERG channel mutations (e.g., N588K). Drug effects on hERG channel gating kinetics in SQT1-cells have not been investigated. Methods: This study used hiPSC-CMs of a healthy donor and a SQT1-patient carrying the N588K mutation and patch clamp to examine the drug effects on hERG channel gating kinetics. Results: Ajmaline, amiodarone, ivabradine, flecainide, quinidine, mexiletine and ranolazine inhibited the hERG channel current (IKr) less strongly in hiPSC-CMs from the SQTS1-patient (SQT1-hiPSC-CMs) comparing with cells from the healthy donor (donor-hiPSC-CMs). Quinidine and mexiletine reduced, but ajmaline, amiodarone, ivabradine and ranolazine increased the time to peak of IKr similarly in SQT1-hiPSC-CMs and donor-hiPSC-CMs. Although regarding the shift of activation and inactivation curves, tested drugs showed differential effects in donor- and SQT1-hiPSC-CMs, quinidine, ajmaline, ivabradine and mexiletine but not amiodarone, flecainide and ranolazine reduced the window current in SQT1-hiPSC-CMs. Quinidine, ajmaline, ivabradine and mexiletine differentially changed the time constant of recovery from inactivation, but all of them increased the time constant of deactivation in SQT1-hiPSC-CMs. Conclusion: The window current-reducing and deactivation-slowing effects may be important for the antiarrhythmic effect of ajmaline, ivabradine, quinidine and mexiletine in SQT1-cells. This information may be helpful for selecting drugs for treating SQT1-patients with hERG channel mutation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Huang
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Zhenxing Liao
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Xin Li
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Xuehui Fan
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yingrui Li
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Zhihan Zhao
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Siegfried Lang
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Sites, Heidelberg-Mannheim and Göttingen, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lukas Cyganek
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Sites, Heidelberg-Mannheim and Göttingen, Mannheim, Germany.,Stem Cell Unit, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Sites, Heidelberg-Mannheim and Göttingen, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ibrahim Akin
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Sites, Heidelberg-Mannheim and Göttingen, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Martin Borggrefe
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Sites, Heidelberg-Mannheim and Göttingen, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ibrahim El-Battrawy
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Sites, Heidelberg-Mannheim and Göttingen, Mannheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu Y, Xia T, Wei J, Liu Q, Li X. Micropatterned co-culture of cardiac myocytes on fibrous scaffolds for predictive screening of drug cardiotoxicities. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:4950-4962. [PMID: 28382363 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr00001d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The spatial arrangement of cardiac myocytes (CMs) and other non-myocytes scaffolds, closely resembling native tissue, is essential to control the CM morphology and function for cardiac tissue regeneration. In the current study, micropatterned fibrous scaffolds were developed to establish a CM co-culture system with cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) and endothelial cells (ECs) as a potential in vitro drug screening model. To pursue a biomimetic approach to influence CM behaviors, strip, oval and wave-patterned mats were constructed by deposition of electrospun fibers on lithographic collectors, followed by precise stacking for cell co-cultures. CMs, CFs, and ECs were located on the patterned scaffolds with controlled cellular distribution in the respective regions and no across condition was found. Compared with those after strip and oval-patterned co-culture, CMs co-cultured on wave-patterned scaffolds displayed significantly greater cell viabilities, larger cell elongation ratios, stronger expressions of cardiac-specific Troponin I, connexin 43 and sarcomeric α-actinin and higher beating rates during 15 days of incubation. The responses of co-cultured CMs to quinidine, erythromycin and sotalol show good correlations with clinical observations in the beating rate and the prolongation of the contraction and relaxation time. The in vivo safety data reflected well with the concentrations for 50% of maximal effect (EC50) after drug treatment on co-cultured CMs, which was determined from the changes in the corrected field potential duration (FPDc) against the drug concentrations. During 15 days of patterned co-culture, the interbeat intervals and fluctuations of the CMs indicated quick changes in response to haloperidol treatment and sufficient restoration of the original beating profiles after drug removal. This study demonstrates the capabilities of micropatterned co-culture of CMs to establish the cardiac function as a reproducible and reliable platform for screening cardiac side effects of drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaowen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Modification of distinct ion channels differentially modulates Ca 2+ dynamics in primary cultured rat ventricular cardiomyocytes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40952. [PMID: 28102360 PMCID: PMC5244425 DOI: 10.1038/srep40952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cultured cardiomyocytes show spontaneous Ca2+ oscillations (SCOs) which not only govern contractile events, but undergo derangements that promote arrhythmogenesis through Ca2+ -dependent mechanism. We systematically examined influence on SCOs of an array of ion channel modifiers by recording intracellular Ca2+ dynamics in rat ventricular cardiomyocytes using Ca2+ specific fluorescence dye, Fluo-8/AM. Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) activation elongates SCO duration and reduces SCO frequency while inhibition of VGSCs decreases SCO frequency without affecting amplitude and duration. Inhibition of voltage-gated potassium channel increases SCO duration. Direct activation of L-type Ca2+ channels (LTCCs) induces SCO bursts while suppressing LTCCs decreases SCO amplitude and slightly increases SCO frequency. Activation of ryanodine receptors (RyRs) increases SCO duration and decreases both SCO amplitude and frequency while inhibiting RyRs decreases SCO frequency without affecting amplitude and duration. The potencies of these ion channel modifiers on SCO responses are generally consistent with their affinities in respective targets demonstrating that modification of distinct targets produces different SCO profiles. We further demonstrate that clinically-used drugs that produce Long-QT syndrome including cisapride, dofetilide, sotalol, and quinidine all induce SCO bursts while verapamil has no effect. Therefore, occurrence of SCO bursts may have a translational value to predict cardiotoxicants causing Long-QT syndrome.
Collapse
|
7
|
Ubels JL, Schotanus MP, Bardolph SL, Haarsma LD, Koetje LR, Louters JR. Inhibition of UV-B induced apoptosis in corneal epithelial cells by potassium channel modulators. Exp Eye Res 2009; 90:216-22. [PMID: 19874821 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2009.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2009] [Revised: 10/12/2009] [Accepted: 10/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to determine whether prevention of K(+) loss can protect human corneal-limbal epithelial (HCLE) cells from UV-B induced apoptosis. Immunostaining for activated caspase-3 of HCLE cells exposed to 150-200 mJ/cm(2) UV-B demonstrated induction of apoptosis 6 h after exposure. The number of apoptotic cells was decreased by incubation in medium with 25 or 100 mM K(+). If this protection is due to a reduction of UV-induced K(+) loss then K(+) channel blockers should also protect HCLE cells from UV-B. Caspase-8 activity induced by exposure to UV-B at 150 mJ/cm(2) was significantly reduced when the cells were incubated in 0.3 microM BDS-I or 0.05-1 mM quinidine. Caspase-3 was also activated by UV-B and a reduction in activity was observed after incubation in 0.1-0.3 microM BDS-I and 0.1-1 mM quinidine. Induction of DNA fragmentation, as measured by the TUNEL assay, was decreased by treatment with 0.3 microM BDS-I and 0.01-0.05 mM quinidine. Patch-clamp recording showed activation of K(+) channels after exposure to UV-B and a decrease in outward K(+) current was observed following application of BDS-I. Quinidine did not block K(+) currents in HCLE cells, suggesting that the protective effect of quinidine occurs by a mechanism other than via K(+) channels. The effect of the K(+) channel blocker BDS-1 on HCLE cells exposed to UV-B confirms that preventing K(+) efflux protects corneal epithelial cells from apoptosis. This suggests the elevated [K(+)] in tears may protect the corneal epithelium from effects of ambient UV-B.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John L Ubels
- Department of Biology, Calvin College, 3201 Burton St. SE, Grand Rapids, MI 49546, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fenton FH, Cherry EM, Kornreich BG. Termination of equine atrial fibrillation by quinidine: an optical mapping study. J Vet Cardiol 2008; 10:87-103. [PMID: 19036667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2008.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2008] [Revised: 09/30/2008] [Accepted: 10/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To perform the first optical mapping studies of equine atrium to assess the spatiotemporal dynamics of atrial fibrillation (AF) and of its termination by quinidine. ANIMALS Intact, perfused atrial preparations obtained from four horses with normal cardiovascular examinations. MATERIALS AND METHODS AF was induced by a rapid pacing protocol with or without acetylcholine perfusion, and optical mapping was used to determine spatial dominant frequency distributions, electrical activity maps, and single-pixel optical signals. Following induction of AF, quinidine gluconate was perfused into the preparation and these parameters were monitored during quinidine-induced termination of AF. RESULTS Equine AF develops in the context of spatial gradients in action potential duration (APD) and diastolic interval (DI) that produce alternans, conduction block, and Wenckebach conduction in different regions at fast pacing rates. Quinidine terminates AF and prevents subsequent reinduction by reducing the maximal frequency and increasing frequency homogeneity. CONCLUSIONS Heterogeneity of APD and DI promote alternans and conduction block at fast pacing rates in the equine atrium, predisposing to the development of AF. Quinidine terminates AF by reducing maximum frequency and increasing frequency homogeneity. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that quinidine increases effective refractory period, thereby decreasing frequency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Flavio H Fenton
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cvetanovic I, Lin C, Ranade V, Keshavarzian A, Somberg J. The effects of quinidine and its chiral isolates on erg-1sm potassium current and correlation with gastrointestinal augmentation. Am J Ther 2007; 14:269-76. [PMID: 17515703 DOI: 10.1097/01.mjt.0000245225.28536.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Smooth-muscle erg 1 (erg1-sm) potassium channel has been recently reported to participate in the modulation of gastrointestinal contractility. Because quinidine inhibits cardiac potassium channel and as a result augments gastrointestinal contractility, it was thought that quinidine may affect erg1-sm. Studies were undertaken to evaluate the effects of quinidine and its chiral isolates on gastrointestinal erg1-sm potassium current and correlate these effects with colon contractility. Chiral separation (high-performance liquid chromatography technique), mass spectrometry, and optical rotation determination were performed to obtain chiral isolates needed for experiments. The erg1-sm potassium channel was expressed in Xenopus oocytes, and the two-electrode patch clamp technique was employed for recording. An isolated rat colon preparation was employed to measure changes in contractility. As a result of chiral separation, two peaks were obtained with elution times of 8.31 and 8.66 minutes, both with a molecular weight of 324; the optical rotations of racemate isolates X and Y were: +258 degrees, +/-0 degrees; and +217 degrees, respectively. The percentage changes in amplitudes of colon contraction (from baseline) were determined at different concentrations of quinidine and for the two isolates in five experiments in each group. Quinidine 0.1, 1, and 10 microM increased contractility by 79 +/- 34, 125 +/- 42, and 217 +/- 51 (P < or = 0.05); for isolate X, the values were 70 +/- 20, 115 +/- 32, and 272 +/- 32 (P < or = 0.05), and for isolate Y the values were 22 +/- 12, 46 +/- 17, and 59 +/- 22. The inhibition of erg1-sm currents by quinidine was 19 +/- 4, 21 +/- 5, and 48 +/- 6 (P < or = 0.05), respectively; that by isolate X was 20 +/- 4, 23 +/- 5, and 39 +/- 7 (P < or = 0.05), and that by isolate Y was 22 +/- 4, 21 +/- 4, and 31 +/- 6. One chiral isolate and quinidine markedly augmented contractility, whereas quinidine and the two chiral isolates inhibited the erg1-sm potassium currents to a similar extent. These results suggest that erg1-sm inhibition does not explain gastrointestinal contractile augmentation caused by the quinidine racemate and its chiral isolates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Cvetanovic
- Department of Pharmacology and Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ducroq J, Printemps R, Guilbot S, Gardette J, Salvetat C, Le Grand M. Action potential experiments complete hERG assay and QT-interval measurements in cardiac preclinical studies. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2007; 56:159-70. [PMID: 17604185 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2007.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2007] [Accepted: 03/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The ICHS7B guideline focused on hERG and QT assays, although other factors have also been linked with the induction of severe arrhythmias. Thus, the aim of the present study was to demonstrate that two in vitro action potential recordings constitute convincing models of predictive drug-induced Torsades de pointes (TdP) and re-entry arrhythmias. METHODS The effects of D,L-sotalol, flecainide and quinidine were investigated on potassium (hERG) and sodium (Na(V)1.5) currents transfected in HEK-293 cells to determine the repercussion of the blockade of these currents on rabbit Purkinje fibre (PF) and atrial action potentials. Atrial conduction velocity was also investigated as a model of re-entry arrhythmias. RESULTS hERG channels were blocked by D,L-sotalol, quinidine and flecainide (IC(50): 69, 0.33 and 0.74 micromol/L, respectively). D,L-sotalol (30 micromol/L) induced reverse-use dependent increases in action potential duration (APD(90): +31.7% and +81.2% at 1 and 0.2 Hz) and triangulation (APD(90-40): +34.7% and +73.6% at 1 and 0.2 Hz) in PF but not in atria. Quinidine (10 micromol/L) also increased APD(90) (+14.5% and +68.5% at 1 and 0.2 Hz) and APD(90-40) (+73.3% and +152.1% at 1 and 0.2 Hz) in PF. Flecainide (10 micromol/L) shortened APD(90) in PF (-26.0% and - 22.2% at 1 and 0.2 Hz). Quinidine and flecainide blocked Na(V)1.5 channels by 32.3% and 73.1%, respectively, and produced decreases in dV/dt(max) which were more marked in atria (-20.4% and -31.9%) compared to PF (-12.8% and 22.4%) at 1 Hz. Finally, quinidine and flecainide decreased atrial conduction speed by 14.6% and 30.8%, respectively. CONCLUSION Results obtained with flecainide demonstrate that use of the hERG channel alone should not be considered as a useful single assay. Rabbit Purkinje fiber action potentials can be considered as a comparable model for detection of reverse-use dependent APD prolongation and triangulation whereas the rabbit atria can be considered as a useful model for detection of sodium channel blockade associated with decreases in dV/dt(max) and conduction velocity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joffrey Ducroq
- PhysioStim, Z.I. de Brénas-Lautrec, 81440 Lautrec, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|