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Chou PL, Chen YS, Chung SD, Lin SC, Chien CT. Sodium Thiosulfate Ameliorates Renovascular Hypertension-Induced Renal Dysfunction and Injury in Rats. Kidney Blood Press Res 2020; 46:41-52. [PMID: 33326967 DOI: 10.1159/000510047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Arterial stenosis activates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system subsequently resulting in renovascular hypertension (RVHT) and renal oxidative injury. We explored the effect of sodium thiosulfate (STS, Na2S2O3), a developed antioxidant in clinical trial, on RVHT-induced hypertension and renal oxidative injury in rats. METHODS We induced RVHT in male Wistar rats with bilaterally partial ligation of renal arteries in the 2-kidney 2-clip model. We evaluated the STS effect on RVHT-induced oxidative injury and apoptosis by a chemiluminescence amplification method, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS We found STS displayed a dose-dependent antioxidant H2O2 activity and adapted the maximal scavenging H2O2 activity of STS at the dosage of 0.1 g/kg intraperitoneally 3 times/week for 4 weeks in RVHT rats. RVHT induced a significant elevation of arterial blood pressure, blood reactive oxygen species amount, neutrophil infiltration, 4-HNE and NADPH oxidase gp91 expression, Bax/Bcl-2/poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-mediated apoptosis formation, blue Masson-stained fibrosis, and urinary protein level. STS treatment significantly reduced hypertension, oxidative stress, neutrophil infiltration, fibrosis, and Bax/Bcl-2/PARP-mediated apoptosis formation and depressed the urinary protein level in the RVHT models. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that STS treatment could ameliorate RVHT hypertension and renal oxidative injury through antioxidant, antifibrotic, and antiapoptotic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Li Chou
- Department of Life Science, School of Life Science, College of Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Shian Chen
- Department of Life Science, School of Life Science, College of Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiu-Dong Chung
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Far-Eastern Memorial Hospital, Banciao, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Informatics, College of Informatics, Yuan-Ze University, Chung-Li, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Sam-Chi Lin
- Division of Renal Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chiang-Ting Chien
- Department of Life Science, School of Life Science, College of Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan,
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Chen X, Shi X, Zhang X, Lei H, Long S, Su H, Pei Z, Huang R. Scutellarin attenuates hypertension-induced expression of brain Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor kappa B. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:432623. [PMID: 24223475 PMCID: PMC3800634 DOI: 10.1155/2013/432623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is associated with low-grade inflammation, and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) has been shown to be linked to the development and maintenance of hypertension. This study aimed to investigate the effects of scutellarin (administered by oral gavage daily for 2 weeks) on brain TLR4/nuclear factor kappa B-(NF- κ B-) mediated inflammation and blood pressure in renovascular hypertensive (using the 2-kidney, 2-clip method) rats. Immunofluorescence and western immunoblot analyses revealed that hypertension contributed to the activation of TLR4 and NF- κ B, accompanied by significantly enhanced expression of proinflammatory mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF- α ), interleukin-1 β (IL-1 β ), and interleukin-18 (IL-18). Furthermore, expression of the antiapoptotic protein, myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl1), was decreased, and the pro-apoptotic proteins, Bax and cleavedcaspase-3 p17 were increased in combined cerebral cortical/striatal soluble lysates. Scutellarin significantly lowered blood pressure and attenuated the number of activated microglia and macrophages in brains of hypertensive rats. Furthermore, scutellarin significantly reduced the expression of TLR4, NF- κ B p65, TNF- α , IL-1 β , IL-18, Bax and cleaved-caspase-3 p17, and increased the expression of Mcl1. Overall, these results revealed that scutellarin exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties and decreases blood pressure in hypertensive rats. Therefore, scutellarin may be a potential therapeutic agent in hypertension-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyong Chen
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiaogeng Shi
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Huixin Lei
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Simei Long
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Huanxing Su
- Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa 999078, Macau
| | - Zhong Pei
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ruxun Huang
- Department of Neurology, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Stroke-prone renovascular hypertensive rat as an animal model for stroke studies: from artery to brain. J Neurol Sci 2013; 334:1-5. [PMID: 23953678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2013.07.2517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
High blood pressure is a main risk factor for both initial and recurrent stroke. Compared to the post stroke situation in normotension, the brain lesion is larger in hypertension, and the treatments may not be as effective. Thus, the results from healthy individuals may not be directly applied to the hypertensive. In fact, the high prevalence of hypertension in stroke patients and its devastating effect urge the necessity to integrate arterial hypertension in the study of stroke in order to better mimic the clinical situations. The first step to do so is to have an appropriate hypertensive animal model for stroke studies. Stroke-prone renovascular hypertensive rat (RHRSP) introduced in 1998, is an animal model with acquired hypertension independent of genetic deficiency. The blood pressure begins to increase during the first week after constriction of bilateral renal arteries, and becomes sustained since around the 3rd month. Because the morphological and physiological changes of cerebral arteries are similar to those in hypertensive patients, the rats represent a higher than 60% incidence of spontaneous stroke. The animal model has several advantages: one hundred percent development of hypertension without gene modification, high similarity to human hypertension in cerebrovascular pathology and physiology, and easy establishment with low cost. Thus, the model has been extensively used in the investigation of ischemic stroke, and has been shown as a reliable animal model. This paper reviewed the features of RHRSP and its applications in the treatment and prevention of stroke, as well as the investigations of secondary lesions postischemic stroke.
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Antioxidant treatment prevents the development of fructose-induced abdominal adipose tissue dysfunction. Clin Sci (Lond) 2013; 125:87-97. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20120470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we tested the effect of OS (oxidative stress) inhibition in rats fed on an FRD [fructose-rich diet; 10% (w/v) in drinking water] for 3 weeks. Normal adult male rats received a standard CD (commercial diet) or an FRD without or with an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase, APO (apocynin; 5 mM in drinking water; CD-APO and FRD-APO). We thereafter measured plasma OS and metabolic-endocrine markers, AAT (abdominal adipose tissue) mass and cell size, FA (fatty acid) composition (content and release), OS status, LEP (leptin) and IRS (insulin receptor substrate)-1/IRS-2 mRNAs, ROS (reactive oxygen species) production, NADPH oxidase activity and LEP release by isolated AAT adipocytes. FRD-fed rats had larger AAT mass without changes in body weight, and higher plasma levels of TAG (triacylglycerol), FAs, TBARS (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance) and LEP. Although no significant changes in glucose and insulin plasma levels were observed in these animals, their HOMA-IR (homoeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance) values were significantly higher than those of CD. The AAT from FRD-fed rats had larger adipocytes, higher saturated FA content, higher NADPH oxidase activity, greater ROS production, a distorted FA content/release pattern, lower insulin sensitivity together with higher and lower mRNA content of LEP and IRS-1-/2 respectively, and released a larger amount of LEP. The development of all the clinical, OS, metabolic, endocrine and molecular changes induced by the FRD were significantly prevented by APO co-administration. The fact that APO treatment prevented both changes in NADPH oxidase activity and the development of all the FRD-induced AAT dysfunctions in normal rats strongly suggests that OS plays an important role in the FRD-induced MS (metabolic syndrome) phenotype.
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Sorce S, Krause KH, Jaquet V. Targeting NOX enzymes in the central nervous system: therapeutic opportunities. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:2387-407. [PMID: 22643836 PMCID: PMC11114708 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1014-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Among the pathogenic mechanisms underlying central nervous system (CNS) diseases, oxidative stress is almost invariably described. For this reason, numerous attempts have been made to decrease reactive oxygen species (ROS) with the administration of antioxidants as potential therapies for CNS disorders. However, such treatments have always failed in clinical trials. Targeting specific sources of reactive oxygen species in the CNS (e.g. NOX enzymes) represents an alternative promising option. Indeed, NOX enzymes are major generators of ROS, which regulate progression of CNS disorders as diverse as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, schizophrenia, Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, and stroke. On the other hand, in autoimmune demyelinating diseases, ROS generated by NOX enzymes are protective, presumably by dampening the specific immune response. In this review, we discuss the possibility of developing therapeutics targeting NADPH oxidase (NOX) enzymes for the treatment of different CNS pathologies. Specific compounds able to modulate the activation of NOX enzymes, and the consequent production of ROS, could fill the need for disease-modifying drugs for many incurable CNS pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Sorce
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva Medical Faculty, Geneva University Hospitals Centre Medical Universitaire 1, rue Michel-Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
- Department of Genetic and Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals Centre Medical Universitaire 1, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Krause
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva Medical Faculty, Geneva University Hospitals Centre Medical Universitaire 1, rue Michel-Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
- Department of Genetic and Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals Centre Medical Universitaire 1, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Jaquet
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva Medical Faculty, Geneva University Hospitals Centre Medical Universitaire 1, rue Michel-Servet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
- Department of Genetic and Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals Centre Medical Universitaire 1, Geneva 4, Switzerland
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Choi J, Im GJ, Chang J, Chae SW, Lee SH, Kwon SY, Chung AY, Park HC, Jung HH. Protective effects of apocynin on cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in an auditory cell line and in zebrafish. J Appl Toxicol 2011; 33:125-33. [PMID: 22147442 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Revised: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin is a very effective anticancer drug and generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide anions that can deplete antioxidant protective molecules in the cochlea. These processes result in the death of cochlear hair cells by induction of apoptosis. Apocynin, which is used as a specific nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase inhibitor, has a preventive effect for intracellular ROS generation. In this study, the effect of apocynin was investigated in a cochlear organ of Corti-derived cell line, HEI-OC1 cells, and in transgenic zebrafish (Brn3C: EGFP). To investigate the protective effects of apocynin, HEI-OC1 cells were treated with various concentrations of apocynin and a 20 µm concentration of cisplatin, simultaneously. An in vivo study of transgenic zebrafish (Brn3C: EGFP) was used to investigate the protective effects of apocynin on cisplatin-induced hair cell death. In an in vitro study, apocynin appeared to protect against cisplatin-induced apoptotic features on Hoechst 33258 staining in the HEI-OC1 cells. Treatment of the HEI-OC1 cells with 100 µm of apocynin, significantly decreased caspase-3 activity. Treatment of the cells with a 100 µm concentration of apocynin and a 20 µm concentration of cisplatin significantly decreased the intracellular ROS production. In the in vivo study, apocynin significantly decreased the TUNEL reaction and prevented cisplatin-induced hair cell loss of the neuromasts in the transgenic zebrafish at low concentrations (125 and 250 µm). These findings suggest that apocynin has antioxidative effects and prevents cisplatin-induced apoptotic cell death in HEI-OC1 cells as well as in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- June Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Chirino YI, Sánchez-González DJ, Martínez-Martínez CM, Cruz C, Pedraza-Chaverri J. Protective effects of apocynin against cisplatin-induced oxidative stress and nephrotoxicity. Toxicology 2007; 245:18-23. [PMID: 18243469 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2007.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2007] [Revised: 12/06/2007] [Accepted: 12/07/2007] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (cisplatin) is an effective chemotherapeutic agent successfully used in the treatment of a wide range of tumors; however, nephrotoxicity has restricted its clinical use. Several studies have shown that reactive oxygen species are involved in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity, including hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion (O(2)(-)). The source of O(2)(-) in cisplatin-induced renal damage has not been established. The aim of this study was to investigate if NADPH oxidase is involved in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity using apocynin, a widely used NADPH oxidase inhibitor. Rats were studied 3 days after a single injection of cisplatin (7.5mg/kg, i.p.). Apocynin was given in the drinking water (2g/L) 7 days before and 3 days after cisplatin injection. Apocynin treatment was able to ameliorate the renal histological damage and the increase in blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, and urinary excretion of total protein, N-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase and glutathione-S-transferase induced by cisplatin. In addition, the protective effect of apocynin was associated with the amelioration of cisplatin-induced oxidative and nitrosative stress. Our data suggest that O(2)(-) derived from NADPH oxidase triggers some of the side effects due to cisplatin administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda I Chirino
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Biología, Edificio F, Segundo Piso, Laboratorio 209, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 México D.F., Mexico
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