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Huang Z, Tatti R, Loeven AM, Landi Conde DR, Fadool DA. Modulation of Neural Microcircuits That Control Complex Dynamics in Olfactory Networks. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:662184. [PMID: 34239417 PMCID: PMC8259627 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.662184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromodulation influences neuronal processing, conferring neuronal circuits the flexibility to integrate sensory inputs with behavioral states and the ability to adapt to a continuously changing environment. In this original research report, we broadly discuss the basis of neuromodulation that is known to regulate intrinsic firing activity, synaptic communication, and voltage-dependent channels in the olfactory bulb. Because the olfactory system is positioned to integrate sensory inputs with information regarding the internal chemical and behavioral state of an animal, how olfactory information is modulated provides flexibility in coding and behavioral output. Herein we discuss how neuronal microcircuits control complex dynamics of the olfactory networks by homing in on a special class of local interneurons as an example. While receptors for neuromodulation and metabolic peptides are widely expressed in the olfactory circuitry, centrifugal serotonergic and cholinergic inputs modulate glomerular activity and are involved in odor investigation and odor-dependent learning. Little is known about how metabolic peptides and neuromodulators control specific neuronal subpopulations. There is a microcircuit between mitral cells and interneurons that is comprised of deep-short-axon cells in the granule cell layer. These local interneurons express pre-pro-glucagon (PPG) and regulate mitral cell activity, but it is unknown what initiates this type of regulation. Our study investigates the means by which PPG neurons could be recruited by classical neuromodulators and hormonal peptides. We found that two gut hormones, leptin and cholecystokinin, differentially modulate PPG neurons. Cholecystokinin reduces or increases spike frequency, suggesting a heterogeneous signaling pathway in different PPG neurons, while leptin does not affect PPG neuronal firing. Acetylcholine modulates PPG neurons by increasing the spike frequency and eliciting bursts of action potentials, while serotonin does not affect PPG neuron excitability. The mechanisms behind this diverse modulation are not known, however, these results clearly indicate a complex interplay of metabolic signaling molecules and neuromodulators that may fine-tune neuronal microcircuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbo Huang
- Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Roberta Tatti
- Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Ashley M Loeven
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Daniel R Landi Conde
- Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Debra Ann Fadool
- Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States.,Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States.,Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
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Fernández-Fernández D, Cadaveira-Mosquera A, Rueda-Ruzafa L, Herrera-Pérez S, Veale EL, Reboreda A, Mathie A, Lamas JA. Activation of TREK currents by riluzole in three subgroups of cultured mouse nodose ganglion neurons. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199282. [PMID: 29928032 PMCID: PMC6013220 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Two-pore domain potassium channels (K2P) constitute major candidates for the regulation of background potassium currents in mammalian cells. Channels of the TREK subfamily are also well positioned to play an important role in sensory transduction due to their sensitivity to a large number of physiological and physical stimuli (pH, mechanical, temperature). Following our previous report describing the molecular expression of different K2P channels in the vagal sensory system, here we confirm that TREK channels are functionally expressed in neurons from the mouse nodose ganglion (mNG). Neurons were subdivided into three groups (A, Ah and C) based on their response to tetrodotoxin and capsaicin. Application of the TREK subfamily activator riluzole to isolated mNG neurons evoked a concentration-dependent outward current in the majority of cells from all the three subtypes studied. Riluzole increased membrane conductance and hyperpolarized the membrane potential by approximately 10 mV when applied to resting neurons. The resting potential was similar in all three groups, but C cells were clearly less excitable and showed smaller hyperpolarization-activated currents at -100 mV and smaller sustained currents at -30 mV. Our results indicate that the TREK subfamily of K2P channels might play an important role in the maintenance of the resting membrane potential in sensory neurons of the autonomic nervous system, suggesting its participation in the modulation of vagal reflexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Fernández-Fernández
- Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology–CINBIO, University of Vigo, Vigo, Galicia, Spain
- * E-mail: (DFF); (JAL)
| | - Alba Cadaveira-Mosquera
- Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology–CINBIO, University of Vigo, Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Lola Rueda-Ruzafa
- Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology–CINBIO, University of Vigo, Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Salvador Herrera-Pérez
- Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology–CINBIO, University of Vigo, Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Emma L. Veale
- Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Chatham Maritime, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Reboreda
- Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology–CINBIO, University of Vigo, Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Alistair Mathie
- Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent, Chatham Maritime, Kent, United Kingdom
| | - J. Antonio Lamas
- Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology–CINBIO, University of Vigo, Vigo, Galicia, Spain
- * E-mail: (DFF); (JAL)
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Liu Y, Wu D, Qu MY, He JL, Yuan M, Zhao M, Wang JX, He J, Wang LQ, Guo XJ, Zuo M, Zhao SY, Ma MN, Li JN, Shou W, Qiao GF, Li BY. Neuropeptide Y-mediated sex- and afferent-specific neurotransmissions contribute to sexual dimorphism of baroreflex afferent function. Oncotarget 2018; 7:66135-66148. [PMID: 27623075 PMCID: PMC5323221 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Molecular and cellular mechanisms of neuropeptide-Y (NPY)-mediated gender-difference in blood pressure (BP) regulation are largely unknown. Methods Baroreceptor sensitivity (BRS) was evaluated by measuring the response of BP to phenylephrine/nitroprusside. Serum NPY concentration was determined using ELISA. The mRNA and protein expression of NPY receptors were assessed in tissue and single-cell by RT-PCR, immunoblot, and immunohistochemistry. NPY was injected into the nodose while arterial pressure was monitored. Electrophysiological recordings were performed on nodose neurons from rats by patch-clamp technique. Results The BRS was higher in female than male and ovariectomized rats, while serum NPY concentration was similar among groups. The sex-difference was detected in Y1R, not Y2R protein expression, however, both were upregulated upon ovariectomy and canceled by estrogen replacement. Immunostaining confirmed Y1R and Y2R expression in myelinated and unmyelinated afferents. Single-cell PCR demonstrated that Y1R expression/distribution was identical between A- and C-types, whereas, expressed level of Y2R was ∼15 and ∼7 folds higher in Ah- and C-types than A-types despite similar distribution. Activation of Y1R in nodose elevated BP, while activation of Y2R did the opposite. Activation of Y1R did not alter action potential duration (APD) of A-types, but activation of Y2R- and Y1R/Y2R in Ah- and C-types frequency-dependently prolonged APD. N-type ICa was reduced in A-, Ah- and C-types when either Y1R, Y2R, or both were activated. The sex-difference in Y1R expression was also observed in NTS. Conclusions Sex- and afferent-specific expression of Neuropeptide-Y receptors in baroreflex afferent pathway may contribute to sexual-dimorphic neurocontrol of BP regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research of Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Mei-Yu Qu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research of Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jian-Li He
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research of Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Mei Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Miao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research of Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jian-Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research of Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jian He
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research of Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lu-Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research of Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin-Jing Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Meng Zuo
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shu-Yang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research of Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Mei-Na Ma
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research of Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jun-Nan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Weinian Shou
- Riley Heart Research Center, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Guo-Fen Qiao
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research of Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bai-Yan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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McGovern AE, Robusto J, Rakoczy J, Simmons DG, Phipps S, Mazzone SB. The effect of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel inhibitors on the vagal control of guinea pig airway smooth muscle tone. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 171:3633-50. [PMID: 24762027 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Subtypes of the hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) family of cation channels are widely expressed on nerves and smooth muscle cells in many organ systems, where they serve to regulate membrane excitability. Here we have assessed whether HCN channel inhibitors alter the function of airway smooth muscle or the neurons that regulate airway smooth muscle tone. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effects of the HCN channel inhibitors ZD7288, zatebradine and Cs(+) were assessed on agonist and nerve stimulation-evoked changes in guinea pig airway smooth muscle tone using tracheal strips in vitro, an innervated tracheal tube preparation ex vivo or in anaesthetized mechanically ventilated guinea pigs in vivo. HCN channel expression in airway nerves was assessed using immunohistochemistry, PCR and in situ hybridization. KEY RESULTS HCN channel inhibition did not alter airway smooth muscle reactivity in vitro to exogenously administered smooth muscle spasmogens, but significantly potentiated smooth muscle contraction evoked by the sensory nerve stimulant capsaicin and electrical field stimulation of parasympathetic cholinergic postganglionic neurons. Sensory nerve hyperresponsiveness was also evident in in vivo following HCN channel blockade. Cs(+) , but not ZD7288, potentiated preganglionic nerve-dependent airway contractions and over time induced autorhythmic preganglionic nerve activity, which was not mimicked by inhibitors of potassium channels. HCN channel expression was most evident in vagal sensory ganglia and airway nerve fibres. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS HCN channel inhibitors had a previously unrecognized effect on the neural regulation of airway smooth muscle tone, which may have implications for some patients receiving HCN channel inhibitors for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice E McGovern
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, Australia
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Qiao GF, Qian Z, Sun HL, Xu WX, Yan ZY, Liu Y, Zhou JY, Zhang HC, Wang LJ, Pan XD, Fu Y. Remodeling of hyperpolarization-activated current, Ih, in Ah-type visceral ganglion neurons following ovariectomy in adult rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71184. [PMID: 23951107 PMCID: PMC3741359 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperpolarization-activated currents (Ih) mediated by hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels modulate excitability of myelinated A− and Ah-type visceral ganglion neurons (VGN). Whether alterations in Ih underlie the previously reported reduction of excitability of myelinated Ah-type VGNs following ovariectomy (OVX) has remained unclear. Here we used the intact nodose ganglion preparation in conjunction with electrophysiological approaches to examine the role of Ih remodeling in altering Ah-type neuron excitability following ovariectomy in adult rats. Ah-type neurons were identified based on their afferent conduction velocity. Ah-type neurons in nodose ganglia from non-OVX rats exhibited a voltage ‘sag’ as well as ‘rebound’ action potentials immediately following hyperpolarizing current injections, which both were suppressed by the Ih blocker ZD7288. Repetitive spike activity induced afterhyperpolarizations lasting several hundreds of milliseconds (termed post-excitatory membrane hyperpolarizations, PEMHs), which were significantly reduced by ZD7288, suggesting that they resulted from transient deactivation of Ih during the preceding spike trains. Ovariectomy reduced whole-cell Ih density, caused a hyperpolarizing shift of the voltage-dependence of Ih activation, and slowed Ih activation. OVX-induced Ih remodeling was accompanied by a flattening of the stimulus frequency/response curve and loss of PEMHs. Also, HCN1 mRNA levels were reduced by ∼30% in nodose ganglia from OVX rats compared with their non-OVX counterparts. Acute exposure of nodose ganglia to 17beta-estradiol partly restored Ih density and accelerated Ih activation in Ah-type cells. In conclusion, Ih plays a significant role in modulating the excitability of myelinated Ah-type VGNs in adult female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Fen Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhao Qian
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hong-Li Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Da-Qing Campus of Harbin Medical University, Da-Qing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wen-Xiao Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jia-Ying Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hao-Cheng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Li-Juan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yili Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- * E-mail:
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Lu XL, Xu WX, Yan ZY, Qian Z, Xu B, Liu Y, Han LM, Gao RC, Li JN, Yuan M, Zhao CB, Qiao GF, Li BY. Subtype identification in acutely dissociated rat nodose ganglion neurons based on morphologic parameters. Int J Biol Sci 2013; 9:716-27. [PMID: 23904796 PMCID: PMC3729014 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.7006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nodose ganglia are composed of A-, Ah- and C-type neurons. Despite their important roles in regulating visceral afferent function, including cardiovascular, pulmonary, and gastrointestinal homeostasis, information about subtype-specific expression, molecular identity, and function of individual ion transporting proteins is scarce. Although experiments utilizing the sliced ganglion preparation have provided valuable insights into the electrophysiological properties of nodose ganglion neuron subtypes, detailed characterization of their electrical phenotypes will require measurements in isolated cells. One major unresolved problem, however, is the difficulty to unambiguously identify the subtype of isolated nodose ganglion neurons without current-clamp recording, because the magnitude of conduction velocity in the corresponding afferent fiber, a reliable marker to discriminate subtypes in situ, can no longer be determined. Here, we present data supporting the notion that application of an algorithm regarding to microscopic structural characteristics, such as neuron shape evaluated by the ratio between shortest and longest axis, neuron surface characteristics, like membrane roughness, and axon attachment, enables specific and sensitive subtype identification of acutely dissociated rat nodose ganglion neurons, by which the accuracy of identification is further validated by electrophysiological markers and overall positive predictive rates is 89.26% (90.04%, 76.47%, and 98.21% for A-, Ah, and C-type, respectively). This approach should aid in gaining insight into the molecular correlates underlying phenotypic heterogeneity of nodose ganglia. Additionally, several critical points that help for neuron identification and afferent conduction calibration are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Long Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Andresen MC, Fawley JA, Hofmann ME. Peptide and lipid modulation of glutamatergic afferent synaptic transmission in the solitary tract nucleus. Front Neurosci 2013; 6:191. [PMID: 23335875 PMCID: PMC3541483 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2012.00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The brainstem nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) holds the first central neurons in major homeostatic reflex pathways. These homeostatic reflexes regulate and coordinate multiple organ systems from gastrointestinal to cardiopulmonary functions. The core of many of these pathways arise from cranial visceral afferent neurons that enter the brain as the solitary tract (ST) with more than two-thirds arising from the gastrointestinal system. About one quarter of ST afferents have myelinated axons but the majority are classed as unmyelinated C-fibers. All ST afferents release the fast neurotransmitter glutamate with remarkably similar, high-probability release characteristics. Second order NTS neurons receive surprisingly limited primary afferent information with one or two individual inputs converging on single second order NTS neurons. A- and C-fiber afferents never mix at NTS second order neurons. Many transmitters modify the basic glutamatergic excitatory postsynaptic current often by reducing glutamate release or interrupting terminal depolarization. Thus, a distinguishing feature of ST transmission is presynaptic expression of G-protein coupled receptors for peptides common to peripheral or forebrain (e.g., hypothalamus) neuron sources. Presynaptic receptors for angiotensin (AT1), vasopressin (V1a), oxytocin, opioid (MOR), ghrelin (GHSR1), and cholecystokinin differentially control glutamate release on particular subsets of neurons with most other ST afferents unaffected. Lastly, lipid-like signals are transduced by two key ST presynaptic receptors, the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 and the cannabinoid receptor that oppositely control glutamate release. Increasing evidence suggests that peripheral nervous signaling mechanisms are repurposed at central terminals to control excitation and are major sites of signal integration of peripheral and central inputs particularly from the hypothalamus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Andresen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health and Science University Portland, OR, USA
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