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Sanli Esme O, Savas HB, Sozen ME, Dinc E. The protective role of selenium in an experimental high fructose corn syrup exposure. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.29333/jcei/12998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
<b>Objective:</b> Nowadays, fructose is recognized as a significant health threat. Prepared foods containing fructose are consumed more because they do not create a feeling of satiety. Selenium is an essential trace element with antioxidant and cell protective properties. In this study, the effect of high fructose corn syrup, which is used as a sweetener in many foods and beverages and consumed during pregnancy, and the possible protective role of selenium in this effect were investigated and examined.<br />
<b>Methods:</b> Fertilized specific pathogen-free eggs were used in our study. These eggs were divided equally into four groups. Each group was allocated 10 eggs containing viable embryos. These groups are pre-process control, post-process control, high fructose corn syrup (HFCS-55), and high fructose corn syrup and selenium (HFCS-55+Se 10<sup>-6</sup>) groups. Pellets containing and containing no active substance (HFCS-55, HFCS-55+Se 10<sup>-6</sup>) were carefully placed on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of each egg in these groups. Oxidative stress status in all groups was determined by total oxidative stress (TOS) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) methods.<br />
<b>Results:</b> In our study, a significant increase in TOS levels and a significant decrease in TAC levels were observed in egg groups given HFCS compared to other groups (p<0.05). The OSI value was shown to be lower in the group given HFCS+Se.<br />
<b>Conclusion:</b> As a result, HFCS was shown to increase oxidative stress. In line with our data, it has been shown that Se, plays a protective role against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Sanli Esme
- Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Graduate Education Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Hasan Basri Savas
- Mardin Artuklu University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Mardin, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Enes Sozen
- Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Medical Faculty, Department of Histology and Embryology, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Elina Dinc
- Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Graduate Education Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
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Ayubi E, Safiri S, Mansori K. Association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and risk of bone fractures in offspring: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Exp Pediatr 2021; 64:96-102. [PMID: 32023402 PMCID: PMC7940084 DOI: 10.3345/cep.2019.01466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) on the risk of bone fractures in the offspring through a systematic review and meta-analysis. The PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were systematically searched for relevant articles published through July 2019. According to heterogeneity, the pooled risk ratio (RR) and odds ratio (OR) and their corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were obtained using fixed or random effects models. The heterogeneity and quality of the included studies were assessed by the I-squared (I2 ) statistic and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale, respectively. Sensitivity analyses were performed to test the effect of MSDP misclassification on the results. The review of 842 search records yielded 5 studies including 8,746 mother-child pairs that were included in the meta-analysis. Pooling adjusted effect measures showed that MSDP was not associated with a later risk of bone fractures in the offspring (pooled RR, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.84-1.58; I2 =66.8%; P=0.049). After the adjustment for misclassification, MSDP may be associated with a 27% increased risk of bone fracture (pooled OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.00-1.62; I2 =0%; P=0.537). After the adjustment for misclassification, MSDP is associated with an increased risk of bone fractures among children whose mothers smoked during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erfan Ayubi
- Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.,Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Saeid Safiri
- Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Kamyar Mansori
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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Peleg-Raibstein D. Understanding the Link Between Maternal Overnutrition, Cardio-Metabolic Dysfunction and Cognitive Aging. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:645569. [PMID: 33716660 PMCID: PMC7953988 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.645569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has long been identified as a global epidemic with major health implications such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Maternal overnutrition leads to significant health issues in industrial countries and is one of the risk factors for the development of obesity and related disorders in the progeny. The wide accessibility of junk food in recent years is one of the major causes of obesity, as it is low in nutrient content and usually high in salt, sugar, fat, and calories. An excess of nutrients during fetal life not only has immediate effects on the fetus, including increased growth and fat deposition in utero, but also has long-term health consequences. Based on human studies, it is difficult to discern between genetic and environmental contributions to the risk of disease in future generations. Consequently, animal models are essential for studying the impact of maternal overnutrition on the developing offspring. Recently, animal models provided some insight into the physiological mechanisms that underlie developmental programming. Most of the studies employed thus far have focused only on obesity and metabolic dysfunctions in the offspring. These studies have advanced our understanding of how maternal overnutrition in the form of high-fat diet exposure can lead to an increased risk of obesity in the offspring, but many questions remain open. How maternal overnutrition may increase the risk of developing brain pathology such as cognitive disabilities in the offspring and increase the risk to develop metabolic disorders later in life? Further, does maternal overnutrition exacerbate cognitive- and cardio-metabolic aging in the offspring?
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Peleg-Raibstein
- Laboratory of Neurobehavioural Dynamics, Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Christians JK, Lennie KI, Wild LK, Garcha R. Effects of high-fat diets on fetal growth in rodents: a systematic review. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2019; 17:39. [PMID: 30992002 PMCID: PMC6469066 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-019-0482-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal nutrition during pregnancy has life-long consequences for offspring. However, the effects of maternal overnutrition and/ or obesity on fetal growth remain poorly understood, e.g., it is not clear why birthweight is increased in some obese pregnancies but not in others. Maternal obesity is frequently studied using rodents on high-fat diets, but effects on fetal growth are inconsistent. The purpose of this review is to identify factors that contribute to reduced or increased fetal growth in rodent models of maternal overnutrition. METHODS We searched Web of Science and screened 2173 abstracts and 328 full texts for studies that fed mice or rats diets providing ~ 45% or ~ 60% calories from fat for 3 weeks or more prior to pregnancy. We identified 36 papers matching the search criteria that reported birthweight or fetal weight. RESULTS Studies that fed 45% fat diets to mice or 60% fat diets to rats generally did not show effects on fetal growth. Feeding a 45% fat diet to rats generally reduced birth and fetal weight. Feeding mice a 60% fat diet for 4-9 weeks prior to pregnancy tended to increase in fetal growth, whereas feeding this diet for a longer period tended to reduce fetal growth. CONCLUSIONS The high-fat diets used most often with rodents do not closely match Western diets and frequently reduce fetal growth, which is not a typical feature of obese human pregnancies. Adoption of standard protocols that more accurately mimic effects on fetal growth observed in obese human pregnancies will improve translational impact in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian K. Christians
- 0000 0004 1936 7494grid.61971.38Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Kendra I. Lennie
- 0000 0004 1936 7494grid.61971.38Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Lisa K. Wild
- 0000 0004 1936 7494grid.61971.38Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Raajan Garcha
- 0000 0004 1936 7494grid.61971.38Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 Canada
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Ozkan H, Topsakal S, Ozmen O. Investigation of the diabetic effects of maternal high-glucose diet on rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 110:609-617. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Latif R. Maternal and fetal effects of chocolate consumption during pregnancy: a systematic review. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1449200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Latif
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Little appetite for obesity: meta-analysis of the effects of maternal obesogenic diets on offspring food intake and body mass in rodents. Int J Obes (Lond) 2015; 39:1669-78. [PMID: 26293233 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2015.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing recognition that maternal effects contribute to variation in individual food intake and metabolism. For example, many experimental studies on model animals have reported the effect of a maternal obesogenic diet during pregnancy on the appetite of offspring. However, the consistency of effects and the causes of variation among studies remain poorly understood. METHODS After a systematic search for relevant publications, we selected 53 studies on rats and mice for a meta-analysis. We extracted and analysed data on the differences in food intake and body weight between offspring of dams fed obesogenic diets and dams fed standard diets during gestation. We used meta-regression to study predictors of the strength and direction of the effect sizes. RESULTS We found that experimental offspring tended to eat more than control offspring but this difference was small and not statistically significant (0.198, 95% highest posterior density (HPD)=-0.118-0.627). However, offspring from dams on obesogenic diets were significantly heavier than offspring of control dams (0.591, 95% HPD=0.052-1.056). Meta-regression analysis revealed no significant influences of tested predictor variables (for example, use of choice vs no-choice maternal diet, offspring sex) on differences in offspring appetite. Dietary manipulations that extended into lactation had the largest effect on body weight. Subgroup analysis revealed that high protein to non-protein ratio of the maternal diet may promote increased body weight in experimental offspring in comparison with control offspring; low protein content in the maternal chow can have opposite effect. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to maternal obesogenic diets in early life is not likely to result in a substantial change in offspring appetite. Nevertheless, we found an effect on offspring body weight, consistent with permanent alterations of offspring metabolism in response to maternal diet. Additionally, it appears that protein content of the obesogenic diet and timing of manipulation modulate the effects on offspring body weight in later life.
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Fructose only in pregnancy provokes hyperinsulinemia, hypoadiponectinemia, and impaired insulin signaling in adult male, but not female, progeny. Eur J Nutr 2015; 55:665-674. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-0886-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Sloboda DM, Li M, Patel R, Clayton ZE, Yap C, Vickers MH. Early life exposure to fructose and offspring phenotype: implications for long term metabolic homeostasis. J Obes 2014; 2014:203474. [PMID: 24864200 PMCID: PMC4017842 DOI: 10.1155/2014/203474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of artificially sweetened processed foods, particularly high in fructose or high fructose corn syrup, has increased significantly in the past few decades. As such, interest into the long term outcomes of consuming high levels of fructose has increased significantly, particularly when the exposure is early in life. Epidemiological and experimental evidence has linked fructose consumption to the metabolic syndrome and associated comorbidities-implicating fructose as a potential factor in the obesity epidemic. Yet, despite the widespread consumption of fructose-containing foods and beverages and the rising incidence of maternal obesity, little attention has been paid to the possible adverse effects of maternal fructose consumption on the developing fetus and long term effects on offspring. In this paper we review studies investigating the effects of fructose intake on metabolic outcomes in both mother and offspring using human and experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah M. Sloboda
- The Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, HSC 4H30A, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4K1
| | - Minglan Li
- The Liggins Institute and Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Rachna Patel
- The Liggins Institute and Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Zoe E. Clayton
- The Liggins Institute and Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Cassandra Yap
- The Liggins Institute and Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Mark H. Vickers
- The Liggins Institute and Gravida: National Centre for Growth and Development, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The most common method of antepartum fetal surveillance is the nonstress test (NST). Although it has satisfactory false-negative rates, dubious nonreactive results may challenge the physician. Any method or factor increasing the reactive NST results or shortening the time to attain a reactive test may be considerably useful. RECENT FINDINGS Most of the studies have found no effect of maternal glucose administration on fetal heart rate and fetal activity, specificity of NST, time to reactivity and percentage of reactive NST results when compared with the control group. Maternal intake of 70% cocoa or caffeine had stimulating action on the fetal reactivity, and this effect on the fetal heart rate was more marked with high concentrations of cocoa (80%). Studies on maternal positioning during NST had equivocal results. Fetal manipulation has no impact on the NST reactivity. Vibroacoustic and halogen light stimulation may be associated with a reduction in time to reactivity. SUMMARY These methods may increase the reactivity during a NST and may facilitate the antenatal fetal surveillance.
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Regnault TRH, Gentili S, Sarr O, Toop CR, Sloboda DM. Fructose, pregnancy and later life impacts. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2013; 40:824-37. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy RH Regnault
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Children's Health Research Institute; Western University; London ON Canada
| | - Sheridan Gentili
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences; Sansom Institute for Health Research; University of South Australia; Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Ousseynou Sarr
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Children's Health Research Institute; Western University; London ON Canada
| | - Carla R Toop
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences; Sansom Institute for Health Research; University of South Australia; Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Deborah M Sloboda
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Health Sciences; McMaster University; Hamilton ON Canada
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Zhang ZY, Dai YB, Wang HN, Wang MW. Supplementation of the maternal diet during pregnancy with chocolate and fructose interacts with the high-fat diet of the young to facilitate the onset of metabolic disorders in rat offspring. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2013; 40:652-61. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yun Zhang
- The National Center for Drug Screening; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research; Shanghai China
| | - Yun-Bin Dai
- Chinese National Compound Library; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai China
| | - Hao-Nan Wang
- The National Center for Drug Screening; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research; Shanghai China
| | - Ming-Wei Wang
- The National Center for Drug Screening; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research; Shanghai China
- Chinese National Compound Library; Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai China
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Buscicchio G, Lorenzi S, Tranquilli AL. The effects of different concentrations of cocoa in the chocolate intaken by the mother on fetal heart rate. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2013; 26:1465-7. [DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2013.783813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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14
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Lipidol 2013; 24:86-94. [PMID: 23298962 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0b013e32835cb4f6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Adamo KB, Ferraro ZM, Brett KE. Can we modify the intrauterine environment to halt the intergenerational cycle of obesity? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2012; 9:1263-307. [PMID: 22690193 PMCID: PMC3366611 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph9041263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Revised: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Child obesity is a global epidemic whose development is rooted in complex and multi-factorial interactions. Once established, obesity is difficult to reverse and epidemiological, animal model, and experimental studies have provided strong evidence implicating the intrauterine environment in downstream obesity. This review focuses on the interplay between maternal obesity, gestational weight gain and lifestyle behaviours, which may act independently or in combination, to perpetuate the intergenerational cycle of obesity. The gestational period, is a crucial time of growth, development and physiological change in mother and child. This provides a window of opportunity for intervention via maternal nutrition and/or physical activity that may induce beneficial physiological alternations in the fetus that are mediated through favourable adaptations to in utero environmental stimuli. Evidence in the emerging field of epigenetics suggests that chronic, sub-clinical perturbations during pregnancy may affect fetal phenotype and long-term human data from ongoing randomized controlled trials will further aid in establishing the science behind ones predisposition to positive energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristi B. Adamo
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada; (Z.M.F.); (K.E.B.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Pediatrics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Zachary M. Ferraro
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada; (Z.M.F.); (K.E.B.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Kendra E. Brett
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada; (Z.M.F.); (K.E.B.)
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
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