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Belali TM. Iron deficiency anaemia: prevalence and associated factors among residents of northern Asir Region, Saudi Arabia. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19170. [PMID: 36357664 PMCID: PMC9649663 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23969-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron deficiency anaemia is known to be one of the most common disorders that are associated with malnutrition. This study was conducted to form an understanding of the prevalence of Iron deficiency Anaemia (IDA) and evaluate its risk factors among the residents of the northern Asir Region, Saudi Arabia. Understanding the prevalence of IDA in different populations is important not only for therapeutic purposes but also for preventing the development of IDA in a given community. Moreover, this study was conducted to raise awareness about the significance of following iron-rich diet among high-risk groups such as women and children. This study collected data from 683 anaemic patients who are enrolled at the haematology unit in the Department of Internal Medicine at King Abdullah Hospital, Bisha Saudi Arabia. 398 participants who have IDA were included in this study where the collected data from the subjects included Age, gender, education, marital status, nationality, consanguinity, dietary habits and the clinical presentation of the participants. Our findings have shown that the prevalence of IDA among the participants is 58.27% where children under the age of 10 and females are the most affected individuals. Adults over 40, unmarried, and non-Saudis represented the second most affected portion of the subjects. IDA was prevalent among participants who shared the same ancestors and individuals with limited education. Moreover, participants did not consume sufficient iron and iron enhancing food or supplements. Inadequate iron intake is a major risk factor for anaemia. Low red fish and meat consumption contributed to the increase in ID. Findings highlight the need to raise awareness about the importance of a balanced diet and regular consumption of iron-containing food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tareg M. Belali
- grid.494608.70000 0004 6027 4126Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, 255, Al Nakhil, Bisha, 67714 Saudi Arabia
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Baiula M, Galletti P, Martelli G, Soldati R, Belvisi L, Civera M, Dattoli SD, Spampinato SM, Giacomini D. New β-Lactam Derivatives Modulate Cell Adhesion and Signaling Mediated by RGD-Binding and Leukocyte Integrins. J Med Chem 2016; 59:9721-9742. [PMID: 27726366 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A novel series of β-lactam derivatives that was designed and synthesized to target RGD-binding and leukocyte integrins is reported. The compound library was evaluated by investigating the effects on integrin-mediated cell adhesion and cell signaling in cell lines expressing αvβ3, αvβ5, αvβ6, α5β1, αIIbβ3, α4β1, and αLβ2 integrins. SAR analysis of the new series of azetidinones enabled the recognition of structural elements associated with integrin selectivity. We obtained selective and potent agonists that could induce cell adhesion and promote cell signaling mediated by αvβ3, αvβ5, α5β1, or α4β1 integrin, and antagonists for the integrins αvβ3 and α5β1, as well as α4β1 and αLβ2, preventing the effects elicited by the respective endogenous agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Baiula
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna , Via Irnerio 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paola Galletti
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna , Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Martelli
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna , Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Soldati
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna , Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Belvisi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan , Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Civera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan , Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Samantha Deianira Dattoli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna , Via Irnerio 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Santi Mario Spampinato
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna , Via Irnerio 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daria Giacomini
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna , Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Galletti P, Soldati R, Pori M, Durso M, Tolomelli A, Gentilucci L, Dattoli SD, Baiula M, Spampinato S, Giacomini D. Targeting integrins αvβ3 and α5β1 with new β-lactam derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 83:284-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Misaggi R, Di Sanzo M, Cosentino C, Bond HM, Scumaci D, Romeo F, Stellato C, Giurato G, Weisz A, Quaresima B, Barni T, Amato F, Viglietto G, Morrone G, Cuda G, Faniello MC, Costanzo F. Identification of H ferritin-dependent and independent genes in K562 differentiating cells by targeted gene silencing and expression profiling. Gene 2013; 535:327-35. [PMID: 24239552 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ferritin is best known as the key molecule in intracellular iron storage, and is involved in several metabolic processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation and neoplastic transformation. We have recently demonstrated that the shRNA silencing of the ferritin heavy subunit (FHC) in a melanoma cell line is accompanied by a consistent modification of gene expression pattern leading to a reduced potential in terms of proliferation, invasiveness, and adhesion ability of the silenced cells. In this study we sought to define the repertoire of genes whose expression might be affected by FHC during the hemin-induced differentiation of the erythromyeloid cell line K562. To this aim, gene expression profiling was performed in four different sets of cells: i) wild type K562; ii) sh-RNA FHC-silenced K562; iii) hemin-treated wild-type K562; and iv) hemin-treated FHC-silenced K562. Statistical analysis of the gene expression data, performed by two-factor ANOVA, identified three distinct classes of transcripts: a) Class 1, including 657 mRNAs whose expression is modified exclusively during hemin-induced differentiation of K562 cells, independently from the FHC relative amounts; b) Class 2, containing a set of 70 mRNAs which are consistently modified by hemin and FHC-silencing; and c) Class 3, including 128 transcripts modified by FHC-silencing but not by hemin. Our data indicate that FHC may function as a modulator of gene expression during erythroid differentiation and add new findings to the knowledge of the complex gene network modulated during erythroid differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Misaggi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Salvatore Venuta Campus, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maddalena Di Sanzo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Salvatore Venuta Campus, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carlo Cosentino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Salvatore Venuta Campus, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Heather M Bond
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Salvatore Venuta Campus, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Domenica Scumaci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Salvatore Venuta Campus, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Romeo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Salvatore Venuta Campus, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Claudia Stellato
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, via Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Giorgio Giurato
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, via Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Alessandro Weisz
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, via Allende, 84081 Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Barbara Quaresima
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Salvatore Venuta Campus, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Tullio Barni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Salvatore Venuta Campus, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Amato
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Salvatore Venuta Campus, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Viglietto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Salvatore Venuta Campus, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giovanni Morrone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Salvatore Venuta Campus, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cuda
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Salvatore Venuta Campus, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Concetta Faniello
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Salvatore Venuta Campus, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Francesco Costanzo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Salvatore Venuta Campus, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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