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Conserved and species-specific chromatin remodeling and regulatory dynamics during mouse and chicken limb bud development. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5685. [PMID: 34584102 PMCID: PMC8479071 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25935-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin remodeling and genomic alterations impact spatio-temporal regulation of gene expression, which is central to embryonic development. The analysis of mouse and chicken limb development provides important insights into the morphoregulatory mechanisms, however little is known about the regulatory differences underlying their morphological divergence. Here, we identify the underlying shared and species-specific epigenomic and genomic variations. In mouse forelimb buds, we observe striking synchrony between the temporal dynamics of chromatin accessibility and gene expression, while their divergence in chicken wing buds uncovers species-specific regulatory heterochrony. In silico mapping of transcription factor binding sites and computational footprinting establishes the developmental time-restricted transcription factor-DNA interactions. Finally, the construction of target gene networks for HAND2 and GLI3 transcriptional regulators reveals both conserved and species-specific interactions. Our analysis reveals the impact of genome evolution on the regulatory interactions orchestrating vertebrate limb bud morphogenesis and provides a molecular framework for comparative Evo-Devo studies. The vertebrate limb bud is a paradigm to uncover the fundamental mechanisms that govern embryogenesis and evolutionary diversification. Here the authors compare mouse and chicken limb bud development to study the impact of genome evolution on conserved and divergent gene regulatory interactions.
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Yakushiji-Kaminatsui N, Lopez-Delisle L, Bolt CC, Andrey G, Beccari L, Duboule D. Similarities and differences in the regulation of HoxD genes during chick and mouse limb development. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e3000004. [PMID: 30475793 PMCID: PMC6283595 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In all tetrapods examined thus far, the development and patterning of limbs require the activation of gene members of the HoxD cluster. In mammals, they are regulated by a complex bimodal process that controls first the proximal patterning and then the distal structure. During the shift from the former to the latter regulation, this bimodal regulatory mechanism allows the production of a domain with low Hoxd gene expression, at which both telomeric (T-DOM) and centromeric regulatory domains (C-DOM) are silent. These cells generate the future wrist and ankle articulations. We analyzed the implementation of this regulatory mechanism in chicken, i.e., in an animal for which large morphological differences exist between fore- and hindlimbs. We report that although this bimodal regulation is globally conserved between the mouse and the chick, some important modifications evolved at least between these two model systems, in particular regarding the activity of specific enhancers, the width of the TAD boundary separating the two regulations, and the comparison between the forelimb versus hindlimb regulatory controls. At least one aspect of these regulations seems to be more conserved between chick and bats than with mouse, which may relate to the extent to which forelimbs and hindlimbs of these various animals differ in their morphologies. A comparison of Hox gene regulation during the development of limbs in birds and mammals reveals that whereas the characteristic bimodal regulatory system, based on large chromatin domains, is largely conserved between these morphologically distinct structures, some differences are revealed in the way this is implemented in various vertebrates. The shapes of limbs vary greatly among tetrapod species, even between the forelimbs and hindlimbs of the same animal. Hox genes regulate the proper growth and patterning of tetrapod limbs. In order to evaluate whether variations in the complex regulation of a cluster of Hox genes—the Hoxd genes—during limb development contribute to the differences in limb shape, we compared their transcriptional control during limb bud development in the forelimbs and hindlimbs of mouse and chicken embryos. We found that the regulatory mechanism underlying Hoxd gene expression is highly conserved, but some clear differences exist. For instance, we observed a variation in the topologically associating domain (TAD; a self-interacting genomic region) boundary interval between the mouse and the chick, as well as differences in the activity of a conserved enhancer element situated within the telomeric regulatory domain. In contrast to the mouse, the chicken enhancer has a stronger activity in the forelimb buds than in the hindlimb buds, which is correlated with the striking differences in the mRNA levels of the genes. We conclude that differences in both the timing and duration of TAD activities and in the width of their boundary may parallel the important decrease in Hoxd gene transcription in chick hindlimb buds versus forelimb buds. These differences may also account for the slightly distinct regulatory strategies implemented by mammals and birds at this locus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucille Lopez-Delisle
- School of Life Sciences, Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christopher Chase Bolt
- School of Life Sciences, Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Guillaume Andrey
- School of Life Sciences, Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Leonardo Beccari
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Denis Duboule
- School of Life Sciences, Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, Geneva 4, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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Matsubara H, Saito D, Abe G, Yokoyama H, Suzuki T, Tamura K. Upstream regulation for initiation of restricted Shh expression in the chick limb bud. Dev Dyn 2017; 246:417-430. [PMID: 28205287 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The organizing center, which serves as a morphogen source, has crucial functions in morphogenesis in animal development. The center is necessarily located in a certain restricted area in the morphogenetic field, and there are several ways in which an organizing center can be restricted. The organizing center for limb morphogenesis, the ZPA (zone of polarizing activity), specifically expresses the Shh gene and is restricted to the posterior region of the developing limb bud. RESULTS The pre-pattern along the limb anteroposterior axis, provided by anterior Gli3 expression and posterior Hand2 expression, seems insufficient for the initiation of Shh expression restricted to a narrow, small spot in the posterior limb field. Comparison of the spatiotemporal patterns of gene expression between Shh and some candidate genes (Fgf8, Hoxd10, Hoxd11, Tbx2, and Alx4) upstream of Shh expression suggested that a combination of these genes' expression provides the restricted initiation of Shh expression. CONCLUSIONS Taken together with results of functional assays, we propose a model in which positive and negative transcriptional regulatory networks accumulate their functions in the intersection area of their expression regions to provide a restricted spot for the ZPA, the source of morphogen, Shh. Developmental Dynamics 246:417-430, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Matsubara
- Department of Developmental Biology and Neurosciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Daisuke Saito
- Department of Developmental Biology and Neurosciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.,Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Gembu Abe
- Department of Developmental Biology and Neurosciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yokoyama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, 036-8561, Japan
| | - Takayuki Suzuki
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Koji Tamura
- Department of Developmental Biology and Neurosciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
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Bickelmann C, van der Vos W, de Bakker MAG, Jiménez R, Maas S, Sánchez-Villagra MR. Hoxgene expression in the specialized limbs of the Iberian mole (Talpa occidentalis). Evol Dev 2017; 19:3-8. [DOI: 10.1111/ede.12216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Constanze Bickelmann
- Museum für Naturkunde; Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung; Invalidenstrasse 43 10115 Berlin Germany
- Paläontologisches Institut und Museum; University of Zurich; Karl-Schmid-Strasse 4 8006 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Wessel van der Vos
- Museum für Naturkunde; Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung; Invalidenstrasse 43 10115 Berlin Germany
- Institute of Biology Leiden; Leiden University; Sylviusweg 70 2333 BE Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Merijn A. G. de Bakker
- Institute of Biology Leiden; Leiden University; Sylviusweg 70 2333 BE Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Rafael Jiménez
- Departamento de Génetica; University of Granada; Avenida del Conocimiento Granada Armilla 18100 Spain
| | - Saskia Maas
- Central Animal Facility; Leiden University Medical Center Leiden; 2300 RC Leiden The Netherlands
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Reno PL, Kjosness KM, Hines JE. The Role of Hox in Pisiform and Calcaneus Growth Plate Formation and the Nature of the Zeugopod/Autopod Boundary. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2016; 326:303-21. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.22688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip L. Reno
- Department of Anthropology; The Pennsylvania State University; University Park Pennsylvania
| | - Kelsey M. Kjosness
- Department of Anthropology; The Pennsylvania State University; University Park Pennsylvania
| | - Jasmine E. Hines
- Department of Anthropology; The Pennsylvania State University; University Park Pennsylvania
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Nomura N, Yokoyama H, Tamura K. Altered developmental events in the anterior region of the chick forelimb give rise to avian-specific digit loss. Dev Dyn 2014; 243:741-52. [PMID: 24616028 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Avian forelimb (wing) contains only three digits, and the three-digit formation in the bird forelimb is one of the avian-specific limb characteristics that have been evolutionarily inherited from the common ancestral form in dinosaurs. Despite many studies on digit formation in the chick limb bud, the developmental mechanisms giving rise to the three-digit forelimb in birds have not been completely clarified. RESULTS To identify which cell populations of the early limb bud contribute to digit formation in the late limb bud, fate maps of the early fore- and hindlimb buds were prepared. Based on these fate maps, we found that the digit-forming region in the forelimb bud is narrower than that in the hindlimb bud, suggesting that some developmental mechanisms on the anterior-most region lead to a reduced number of digits in the forelimb. We also found temporal differences in the onset of appearance of the ANZ (anterior necrotic zone) as well as differences in the position of the anterior edge of the AER. CONCLUSIONS Forelimb-specific events in the anterior limb bud are possible developmental mechanisms that might generate the different cell fates in the fore- and hindlimb buds, regulating the number of digits in birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Nomura
- Department of Developmental Biology and Neurosciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Kawamura Y, Yamashita T, Yamauchi T, Matsumoto K, Sato K. Effects of thalidomide on Fgf8, Bmp4 and Hoxa11 expression in the limb bud in Kbl:JW rabbit embryos. Congenit Anom (Kyoto) 2014; 54:54-62. [PMID: 24344727 DOI: 10.1111/cga.12046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Thalidomide (TM) induces limb defects in humans and some animal species including rabbits. Although the mechanism of TM-induced limb defects has been investigated for a long period, the limb development-related genes expressions have not been vigorously characterized in rabbits. In this study, we investigated the Fgf8, Bmp4 and Hoxa11 expressions in TM-treated JW rabbit embryos on gestation days (GDs) 10, 11 and 12 by whole mount in situ hybridization. On GDs 10 and 11, growth retardation of the embryo was induced by TM treatment. The Fgf8 expression lengths on GDs 10 and 11 in the forelimb bud were significantly or tended to be decreased in the TM-treated embryos, which was correlated to the growth retardation and was not considered to be directly relevant to the teratogenic effect of TM in the forelimb. The TM-induced characteristic changes in the expression pattern of Hoxa11 and Bmp4 on GDs 10 and/or 11 were not noted. On GD 12, TM-induced growth retardation was not noted and the Fgf8 and Bmp4 expressions were not changed. On the contrary, Hoxa11 expression was narrowed at the anterior region, which was located on the radial side, and was not changed at the middle and posterior regions in the forelimb bud and in all regions in the hindlimb bud. Because the radius malformations were induced by TM treatment, we concluded the decrease in the Hoxa11 expression was related to the TM-induced limb defects and can be a good marker for early prediction of the teratogenic effect of TM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Kawamura
- Drug Safety Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
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Bickelmann C, Mitgutsch C, Richardson MK, Jiménez R, de Bakker MA, Sánchez-Villagra MR. Transcriptional heterochrony in talpid mole autopods. EvoDevo 2012; 3:16. [PMID: 22873211 PMCID: PMC3441920 DOI: 10.1186/2041-9139-3-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Talpid moles show many specializations in their adult skeleton linked to fossoriality, including enlarged hands when compared to the feet. Heterochrony in developmental mechanisms is hypothesized to account for morphological evolution in skeletal elements. Methods The temporal and spatial distribution of SOX9 expression, which is an early marker of chondrification, is analyzed in autopods of the fossorial Iberian mole Talpa occidentalis, as well as in shrew (Cryptotis parva) and mouse (Mus musculus) for comparison. Results and discussion SOX9 expression is advanced in the forelimb compared to the hind limb in the talpid mole. In contrast, in the shrew and the mouse, which do not show fossorial specializations in their autopods, it is synchronous. We provide evidence that transcriptional heterochrony affects the development of talpid autopods, an example of developmental penetrance. We discuss our data in the light of earlier reported pattern heterochrony and later morphological variation in talpid limbs. Conclusion Transcriptional heterochrony in SOX9 expression is found in talpid autopods, which is likely to account for pattern heterochrony in chondral limb development as well as size variation in adult fore- and hind limbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanze Bickelmann
- Paläontologisches Institut und Museum, Universität Zürich, Karl-Schmid-Strasse 4, Zürich 8006, Switzerland.
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