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Salas-Bergüés V, Pereira-Sánchez M, Martín-Martín J, Olano-Lizarraga M. Development of burnout and moral distress in intensive care nurses: An integrative literature review. ENFERMERIA INTENSIVA 2024:S2529-9840(24)00027-2. [PMID: 39025685 DOI: 10.1016/j.enfie.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To describe, through an integrative literature review, the factors contributing to the development of burnout and moral distress in nursing professionals working in intensive care units and to identify the assessment tools used most frequently to assess burnout and moral distress. METHODS An integrative literature review was carried out. PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, SciELO, Dialnet, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane databases were reviewed from January 2012 to February 2023. Additionally, snowball sampling was used. The results were analysed by using integrative synthesis, as proposed by Whittemore et al., the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme for literature reviews, the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines for quantitative observational studies, and the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist for qualitative research were used to evaluate evidence quality. RESULTS Forty-one articles were selected for review: 36 were cross-sectional descriptive articles, and five were literature reviews. The articles were grouped into five-factor categories: 1) personal factors, 2) organisational factors, 3) labour relations factors, 4) end-of-life care factors, and 5) factors related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey and the Moral Distress Survey-Revised instruments were the most commonly used to measure burnout and moral distress. CONCLUSIONS This review highlights the multiple personal, organisational, relational, situational, and end-of-life factors promoting burnout and moral distress among critical care nurses. Interventions in these areas are necessary to achieve nurses' job satisfaction and retention while improving nurses' quality of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Salas-Bergüés
- Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Intensive Care Unit, Pamplona, Spain
| | - M Pereira-Sánchez
- Universidad de Navarra, School of Nursing, Department of Nursing Care for Adult Patients, Pamplona, Spain; Universidad de Navarra, ICCP-UNAV (Innovation for a Person-Centred Care Research Group), Pamplona, Spain
| | - J Martín-Martín
- Universidad de Navarra, School of Nursing, Department of Nursing Care for Adult Patients, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - M Olano-Lizarraga
- Universidad de Navarra, School of Nursing, Department of Nursing Care for Adult Patients, Pamplona, Spain; Universidad de Navarra, ICCP-UNAV (Innovation for a Person-Centred Care Research Group), Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
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Cansel N, Varol Fİ. Burnout, mental health symptoms, and empathy in healthcare workers who care for children treated in a liver transplant center. Pediatr Transplant 2023; 27:e14430. [PMID: 36380566 DOI: 10.1111/petr.14430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The healthcare workers in pediatric liver transplantation units are exposed to various stresses; however, their burnout has not been clarified yet. This study aimed to determine burnout, psychological symptoms and empathy levels in healthcare workers, to examine the relationship between these variables and to investigate the predictors of burnout. METHOD This cross-sectional study was conducted on healthcare workers in Turgut Özal Medical Center Pediatric Liver Transplant Institute. The participants filled out a questionnaire that investigating demographic and occupational characteristics, and including questions from Toronto Empathy Questionnaire, Maslach Burnout Inventory, and Brief Symptom Inventory. RESULTS Fifty healthcare workers participated in the study. Based on moderate and higher severity scores, 48% of the participants were emotionally exhausted, 22% of them were depersonalized. All of them had a high perception of personal accomplishment. There was a correlation between psychological symptoms level and emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment as well as empathy and personal accomplishment. Not choosing the profession and the department willingly, age, education level, marital status, duration of profession, unit, not receiving in-service training, empathy, depressive symptoms and hostility scores predicted different aspects of burnout. CONCLUSION Considering that burnout and psychological stress lead to reduced professional abilities and the development of serious complications, the results obtained can guide managers on the measures to be taken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neslihan Cansel
- Department of Psychiatry, Inonu University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Fatma İlknur Varol
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Inonu University Faculty of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
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Başar D, Dikmen FH, Öztürk S. The prevalence and determinants of unmet health care needs in Turkey. Health Policy 2021; 125:786-792. [PMID: 33896593 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to examine the prevalence and determinants of unmet health care needs in Turkey. The nationally representative "Health Survey" data for the latest available year, 2016, is used in the analysis. The reasons for unmet health care needs are divided into three categories which are waiting time, affordability (cost), and the distance to health facilities. The probit methodology is employed to investigate the factors affecting unmet health care needs. Approximately 25% of participants (4392 of 17242) reported an unmet need for health care. Overall, females, individuals in lower income groups, those with chronic illness, those with lower education levels and those in younger age groups are more likely to report unmet health care needs. Estimation results point out that age and having a chronic illness have more influence on the reporting of unmet health care needs as compared to other variables included in the model. Therefore, it seems necessary to reorganize the health care system in Turkey to target the needs of individuals with chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Başar
- Department of Economics, Faculty of Administrative Sciences, Hacettepe University, Turkey.
| | - Fatih Hakan Dikmen
- Department of Economics, Faculty of Administrative Sciences, Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University, Turkey.
| | - Selcen Öztürk
- Department of Economics, Faculty of Administrative Sciences, Hacettepe University, Turkey.
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Mahmoudi S, Barkhordari-Sharifabad M, Pishgooie AH, Atashzadeh-Shoorideh F, Lotfi Z. Burnout among Iranian nurses: a national survey. BMC Nurs 2020; 19:69. [PMID: 32690983 PMCID: PMC7364314 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-020-00461-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nurses, particularly critical care nurses, are exposed to high levels of stress and burnout. Burnout is associated with many deleterious consequences affecting health care outcomes. The present study is intended to determine the dimensions of burnout in nurses on surgical, medical and critical care units and its relationship with demographic characteristics. METHODS In this descriptive research study, performed at critical and non- critical care units, 743 nurses were randomly selected by quota sampling from medical sciences universities in Iran. Data collection instruments included a "demographic questionnaire" and the "Persian version of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory. Data were analyzed using SPSS20. RESULTS The findings showed that regarding all dimensions, the lowest level of burnout belonged to surgical wards whereas the highest level pertained to critical care wards indicating a significant difference among various aspects of burnout in different wards, i.e., surgery, medical, and critical care. There was no significant difference in gender, academic degree, and marital status in any of the aspects of burnout in critical care units; yet, the difference was significant between surgical and medical wards (P < 0.05). There were a negative significant correlation between some dimensions of burnout with age and nursing experience in critical care and medical wards (P < 0.05). Whereas in surgical wards, there were a positive significant correlation between some aspects of burnout with nursing experience and age (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION This study found that the critical care nurses have significantly higher level of burnout compared to the medical-surgical nurses. These results should be considered when planning burnout prevention schedules for nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mahmoudi
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | | | - Amir-Hosein Pishgooie
- Department of Critical Care Nursing, School of Nursing, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Foroozan Atashzadeh-Shoorideh
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Management, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Vali-Asr Avenue, Cross of Vali-Asr and Hashemi Rafsanjani Highway, Opposite to Rajaee Heart Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Lotfi
- Department of Nursing, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
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Kupcewicz E, Jóźwik M. Association of burnout syndrome and global self-esteem among Polish nurses. Arch Med Sci 2020; 16:135-145. [PMID: 32051717 PMCID: PMC6963150 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.88626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The development of burnout syndrome is conditioned by demographic variables, personality-related variables, ways of coping with difficulties and organizational/professional factors. Burnout is a psychological syndrome of emotional exhaustion and fatigue that may occur in people working with other people in certain ways. Understanding the role of global self-esteem and sociodemographic and work environment-related variables in the development of burnout syndrome in Polish nurses was the aim of this study. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 1,806 nurses working in 23 hospitals in north-eastern Poland. The average age was 44.7 ±7.96 years. The questionnaire was of a proprietary design. The Copenhagen Burnout Inventory Scale and the Rosenberg SES scale were used. RESULTS With regard to contact with patients, symptoms of burnout were present in 28.2% of respondents. Furthermore, 27% of respondents showed work-related burnout and personal burnout was indicated in 21% of them. Almost half of the respondents (46.6%) evaluated their self-esteem at an average level. The obtained results of the regression analysis indicated that global self-esteem was a predictor of professional burnout in nurses. Global self-esteem has important consequences in many aspects of the mental condition. It was found that global self-esteem is a key factor influencing personal burnout symptoms, and its modification may be used as a preventive measure. CONCLUSIONS Developing personal resources and deriving benefits from them may be important in the prevention of burnout syndrome. This study indicated the need to carry out preventive measures in the workplace to protect nurses from burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Kupcewicz
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Marcin Jóźwik
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
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Chemali Z, Ezzeddine FL, Gelaye B, Dossett ML, Salameh J, Bizri M, Dubale B, Fricchione G. Burnout among healthcare providers in the complex environment of the Middle East: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1337. [PMID: 31640650 PMCID: PMC6805482 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7713-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burnout is a syndrome characterized by emotional exhaustion, increased depersonalization, and a diminished sense of personal accomplishment due to chronic emotional stress at work. Burnout impacts job satisfaction, job performance, vulnerability to illnesses, and interpersonal relationships. There is a gap in the systematic data on the burden of burnout among healthcare professionals from different sectors of healthcare in Middle Eastern countries. Our objective was to examine the burden of burnout among healthcare providers in the Middle East, how it was assessed, which sectors were included, and what interventions have been used. METHODS Articles were found through a systematic review of search results including PubMed, Web of Science (Thomson Reuters), and PsycINFO (EBSCO) using search terms reflecting burnout in Middle Eastern countries among populations of healthcare providers. Studies were included if they examined a quantitative measure of burnout among healthcare providers in the Middle East. RESULTS There were 138 articles that met our inclusion criteria for this systematic review. Studies focused on burnout in the Middle East among physicians (N = 54 articles), nurses (N = 55), combined populations of healthcare workers (N = 22), and medical students (N = 7). The Maslach Burnout Inventory was the most common tool to measure burnout. Burnout is common among physicians, nurses, and other healthcare professionals, with prevalence estimates predominantly ranging between 40 and 60%. Burnout among healthcare providers in the Middle East is associated with characteristics of their work environments, exposure to violence and terror, and emotional distress and low social support. CONCLUSIONS Burnout is highly prevalent among healthcare providers across countries in the Middle East. Previous studies examining burnout in this region have limitations in their methodology. More thoroughly developed epidemiologic studies of burnout are necessary. Health system strengthening is needed in a region that has endured years of ongoing conflict, and there is an urgency to design and implement programs that tackle burnout among health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z. Chemali
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - F. L. Ezzeddine
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - B. Gelaye
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
- The Chester M. Pierce, MD Division of Global Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - M. L. Dossett
- Benson-Henry Institute for Mind Body Medicine and, Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - J. Salameh
- Department of Neurology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - M. Bizri
- Department of Psychiatry, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - B. Dubale
- Department of Psychiatry, Addis Ababa University, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - G. Fricchione
- Department of Psychiatry, Benson-Henry Institute for Mind Body Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
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Choi BS, Kim JS, Lee DW, Paik JW, Lee BC, Lee JW, Lee HS, Lee HY. Factors Associated with Emotional Exhaustion in South Korean Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study. Psychiatry Investig 2018; 15:670-676. [PMID: 29898581 PMCID: PMC6056702 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2017.12.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined associations between emotional exhaustion and selected sociodemographic and psychological factors among nurses in inpatient and outpatient nursing units at a university hospital in South Korea. METHODS The participants were 386 nurses who completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory, a measure of emotional exhaustion. Psychological characteristics were evaluated, including hardiness, self-esteem, experience of trauma, resilience, perceived stress, and social support. Correlation analyses examined the relationships between emotional exhaustion with sociodemographic, occupational, and psychological characteristics. Linear regression was used to evaluate the associations between emotional exhaustion and the assessed characteristics. RESULTS Higher emotional exhaustion scores were associated with greater depression, anxiety, traumatic experience, and perceived stress. Exhaustion was inversely associated with hardiness, self-esteem, resilience, and quality of life. The regression analysis indicated that gender, marriage, resilience, depression, perceived stress, and secondary traumatic stress were significantly associated with emotional exhaustion. CONCLUSION This study showed that psychological characteristics, such as resilience, depression, and secondary traumatic experiences, may cause emotional exhaustion. Understanding the needs of people with distinct demographic and psychological characteristics offers valuable direction for the development of intervention programs to prevent burnout among nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bum-Sung Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Sun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Woo Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Woo Paik
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Boung Chul Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Won Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Sung Lee
- Department of Pulmonology and Allergy, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Young Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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Doulougeri K, Georganta K, Montgomery A. “Diagnosing” burnout among healthcare professionals: Can we find consensus? COGENT MEDICINE 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/2331205x.2016.1237605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Doulougeri
- Department of Educational and Social Policy, University of Macedonia, Egnatias 156, 546 36 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Katerina Georganta
- Department of Educational and Social Policy, University of Macedonia, Egnatias 156, 546 36 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anthony Montgomery
- Department of Educational and Social Policy, University of Macedonia, Egnatias 156, 546 36 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Demographics and Personality Factors Associated with Burnout among Nurses in a Singapore Tertiary Hospital. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:6960184. [PMID: 27478835 PMCID: PMC4960324 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6960184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence and extent of burnout among nurses in Singapore and investigate the influence of demographic factors and personal characteristics on the burnout syndrome. Methods. A cross-sectional survey design was adopted. All registered nurses working in Singapore General Hospital were approached to participate. A questionnaire eliciting data on demographics, burnout (measured using the Maslach Burnout Inventory, MBI), and personality profile (measured using the NEO Five-Factor Inventory, NEO-FFI) was used. Results. 1830 nurses out of 3588 responded (response rate: 51%). Results from 1826 respondents were available for analysis. The MBI identified 39% to have high emotional exhaustion (EE, cut-off score of >27), 40% having high depersonalization (DP, cut-off score of >10), and 59% having low personal accomplishment (PA, cut-off score of <33). In multivariable analysis, age, job grade, and neuroticism were significantly associated with each of the 3 components of the MBI. Staff nurses less than 30 years with high to very high neuroticism were more likely to experience high EE, high DP, and low PA. Conclusion. Younger nurses in Singapore are at increased risk of burnout. Personality traits also played a significant role in the experience of burnout.
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Koy V, Yunibhand J, Angsuroch Y. The quantitative measurement of nursing care quality: a systematic review of available instruments. Int Nurs Rev 2016; 63:490-8. [DOI: 10.1111/inr.12269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Koy
- Faculty of Nursing; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - J. Yunibhand
- Faculty of Nursing; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - Y. Angsuroch
- Faculty of Nursing; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
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Education and Role Title as Predictors of Enacted (Actual) Scope of Practice in Generalist Nurses in a Pediatric Academic Health Sciences Center. J Nurs Adm 2016; 46:265-70. [DOI: 10.1097/nna.0000000000000341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Salaree MM, Zareiyan A, Ebadi A, Salaree M. Coping strategies used by Iranian nurses to deal with burnout: a qualitative research. Glob J Health Sci 2014; 6:273-80. [PMID: 25363109 PMCID: PMC4825489 DOI: 10.5539/gjhs.v6n6p273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although numerous studies have reported about coping strategies among health care worker throughout the world, but no research-based data are available on the perception of coping strategy among Clinical nurses in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Objective: The aim of the present study was to describe and explore the experiences of Iranian nurses about their coping strategies. Methods: In this study we used a qualitative research approach to explore how Iranian nurses perceive and resolve their burnout at work. Twelve nurses were selected by purposive sampling and in-depth semi structured interviews were conducted. All interviews were tape recorded, transcribed verbatim and then analyzed by means of the conventional qualitative content analysis method. Results: The 5 main themes that evolved from content analysis included “religious responsibility”, “approximation to God”, “spiritual reward”, “Holiness of the job” and “spiritual journey” emerged as the most important among these. Conclusions: The results of this study emphasized that religious or spiritual beliefs give purpose and meaning to nursing interventions, help them tolerate the problems at work, and make nursing care pleasurable. Therefore, although burnout is an important issue in nursing, attending to this dimension of their job is essential and healthcare authorities should pay a special attention to it.
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Özden D, Karagözoğlu Ş, Yildirim G. Intensive care nurses' perception of futility: job satisfaction and burnout dimensions. Nurs Ethics 2013; 20:436-47. [PMID: 23411368 DOI: 10.1177/0969733012466002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Suffering repeated experiences of moral distress in intensive care units due to applications of futility reflects on nurses' patient care negatively, increases their burnout, and reduces their job satisfaction. This study was carried out to investigate the levels of job satisfaction and exhaustion suffered by intensive care nurses and the relationship between them through the futility dimension of the issue. The study included 138 intensive care nurses. The data were obtained with the futility questionnaire developed by the researchers, Maslach Burnout Inventory and Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire. It was determined that nurses who agreed to the proposition that the application of futility demoralizes health-care professionals had low levels of job satisfaction but high levels of depersonalization. It was determined that nurses had moderate levels of job satisfaction, emotional exhaustion, and personal achievements but high levels of sensitivity. Nurses' job satisfaction and sensitivities are positively affected when they consider that futility does not contradict the purposes of medicine.
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Ayala E, Carnero AM. Determinants of burnout in acute and critical care military nursing personnel: a cross-sectional study from Peru. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54408. [PMID: 23342152 PMCID: PMC3544821 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence on the prevalence and determinants of burnout among military acute and critical care nursing personnel from developing countries is minimal, precluding the development of effective preventive measures for this high-risk occupational group. In this context, we aimed to examine the association between the dimensions of burnout and selected socio-demographic and occupational factors in military acute/critical care nursing personnel from Lima, Peru. METHODS AND FINDINGS We conducted a cross-sectional study in 93 nurses/nurse assistants from the acute and critical care departments of a large, national reference, military hospital in Lima, Peru, using a socio-demographic/occupational questionnaire and a validated Spanish translation of the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Total scores for each of the burnout dimensions were calculated for each participant. Higher emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation scores, and lower personal achievement scores, implied a higher degree of burnout. We used linear regression to evaluate the association between each of the burnout dimensions and selected socio-demographic and occupational characteristics, after adjusting for potential confounders. The associations of the burnout dimensions were heterogeneous for the different socio-demographic and occupational factors. Higher emotional exhaustion scores were independently associated with having children (p<0.05) and inversely associated with the time working in the current department (p<0.05). Higher depersonalization scores were independently associated with being single compared with being divorced, separated or widowed (p<0.01), working in the emergency room/intensive care unit compared with the recovery room (p<0.01), and inversely associated with age (p<0.05). Finally, higher personal achievement scores were independently associated with having children (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Among Peruvian military acute and critical care nursing personnel, potential screening and preventive interventions should focus on younger/less experienced nurses/nurse assistants, who are single, have children, or work in the most acute critical care areas (e.g. the emergency room/intensive care unit).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Ayala
- Critical Care Department, Hospital Central de la Fuerza Aérea del Perú, Lima, Peru
| | - Andrés M. Carnero
- Postgraduate School, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
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Abstract
AIM The aims of this study were to validate the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS) for registered nurses in South Africa and to analyse the differences between the levels of burnout of different biographical groups. BACKGROUND The nursing profession is seen as a stressful and emotionally demanding profession, which makes nurses susceptible to burnout. METHOD A cross-sectional survey design with a stratified random sample (n = 818) was used. The MBI-HSS and a biographical questionnaire were administered. RESULTS Exploratory factor analysis resulted in a three-factor structure of burnout, consisting of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment. Construct equivalence and reliability of the three factors were confirmed. Significant differences were found in burnout levels with regard to language, age, rank, job satisfaction, reciprocity, full-time employment and specialised training. CONCLUSIONS The MBI-HSS showed acceptable validity and reliability for South African nurses. Burnout is associated with specific factors, including language, age, rank, job satisfaction, reciprocity, full-time employment and specialised training. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT The use of the MBI-HSS is recommended to assess burnout of nurses in South Africa. Organisations employing nurses should intervene to prevent and/or manage burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna J van der Colff
- Fundamental Nursing and Administration, College of Nursing, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
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