Hydrometrocolpos and segmental colonic dilatation in a girl with megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome

Congenital segmental dilatation of the intestine: an in-depth review

OBJECTIVE

Congenital segmental dilatation of the intestine (CSDI) is a rare gastrointestinal condition. We conducted a scoping review through MEDLINE and Google Scholar, collecting data from 1959 through August 2020 to better understand this peculiar disease.

METHODS

The clinical and pathological features of 150 patients were reviewed.

RESULTS

The mean age was 25.9 days, and 61.3% of patients were male. An antenatal diagnosis was made in 15.3% of patients. Predominant symptoms included abdominal distension (83.9%) and vomiting (61.3%). Pallor and anemia were associated with ileal CSDI. The most common sites of the lesion were the ileum (56%) and colon (27.3%). Associated anomalies occurred in 57.3% of the patients, of which the most common included other abnormalities of the digestive system (69.8%), abdominal wall (19.8%), and cardiovascular system (11.6%). Resection and anastomosis was performed in 83.3% of patients. Postoperative complications occurred in 10%. Normal ganglion cells were commonly found (97.3%), while muscle layer hypertrophy and atrophy were found in 14.7% and 13.3% of the patients, respectively. Abnormal interstitial cells of Cajal were identified in four patients. Death occurred in 12.7% of patients. Demise was significantly associated with the duodenal location of CSDI (Mantel-Cox test, p = 0.002).

CONCLUSION

CSDI remains poorly understood, and mortality is associated chiefly with its duodenal location. Further research is needed, and biorepositories should be promptly set up to study this disease in the future better.

Japanese clinical practice guidelines for allied disorders of Hirschsprung's disease, 2017

BACKGROUND

Despite the presence of ganglion cells in the rectum, some patients have symptoms similar to those of Hirschsprung's disease. A consensus has yet to be established regarding the terminology for these diseases. We defined this group of diseases as "allied disorders of Hirschsprung's disease" and compiled these guidelines to facilitate accurate clinician diagnosis and provide appropriate treatment strategies for each disease.

METHODS

These guidelines were developed using the methodologies in the Medical Information Network Distribution System (MINDS). Of seven allied disorders, isolated hypoganglionosis; megacystis-microcolon-intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome; and chronic idiopathic intestinal pseudo-obstruction were selected as targets of clinical questions (CQ). In a comprehensive search of the Japanese- and English-language articles in PubMed and Ichu-Shi Web, 836 pieces of evidence related to the CQ were extracted from 288 articles; these pieces of evidence were summarized in an evidence table.

RESULTS

We herein outline the newly established Japanese clinical practice guidelines for allied disorders of Hirschsprung's disease. Given that the target diseases are rare and intractable, most evidence was drawn from case reports and case series. In the CQ, the diagnosis, medication, nutritional support, surgical therapy, and prognosis for each disease are given. We emphasize the importance of full-thickness intestinal biopsy specimens for the histopathological evaluation of enteric ganglia. Considering the practicality of the guidelines, the recommendations for each CQ were created with protracted discussions among specialists.

CONCLUSIONS

Clinical practice recommendations for allied disorders of Hirschprung's disease are given for each CQ, along with an assessment of the current evidence. We hope that the information will be helpful in daily practice and future studies.

Megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome

Megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome (MMIHS) is a rare and the most severe form of functional intestinal obstruction in the newborn. The major features of this congenital and usually lethal anomaly are abdominal distension, bile-stained vomiting, and absent or decreased bowel peristalsis. Abdominal distension is a consequence of the distended, unobstructed urinary bladder with or without upper urinary tract dilation. Most patients with MMIHS are not able to void spontaneously. This article reviews the pathogenesis of MMIHS as well as the clinical, radiological, surgical and histological findings in all reported cases of this syndrome.

Síndrome de berdon (megavejiga, microcolon, hipoperistalsis). presentación de nuestros casos

Berdon syndrome is a rare congenital malformation that consists in megacystis and severe intestinal malformations that condition the prognosis in most of the cases. We report the three cases diagnosticated between 1976-2003. Diagnosis, therapeutics aspects and evolution are discussed.