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Leibring I, Kihlgren A, Anderzén Carlsson A. Fear, coping and support- from the perspective of children aged 10-17-year old having acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2024; 19:2310147. [PMID: 38324664 PMCID: PMC10851796 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2024.2310147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe experiences of fear, coping, and support in 10-17-year-old children under treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). METHODS A longitudinal descriptive qualitative design was adopted. Ten children participated in one to three interviews each (24 interviews in all). Interviews were analysed using a matrix-based qualitative method. RESULTS The variety of fears described related to uncertainty, pain and medical procedures, bodily changes and loss of control, complications, professionals' attitudes, affected school results, and social isolation. Children used various strategies to deal with fear: some more general, to cope with the whole situation, and others more related to specific events such as treatment and tests. The most reported strategies we labelled Accepting the situation, Positive thinking, and Being an active agent. Less favourable strategies were also reported. Health care professionals, families, and friends offered valuable, but different kinds of, support. CONCLUSIONS Children aged 10 to 17 undergoing treatment for ALL experience various fears. Each experience is individual and changes over time, but there are common patterns. Most children used problem-solving or emotional-regulation strategies, but withdrawal was also reported. Even children who can deal with fear need support from their health care professionals, families, and friends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingela Leibring
- Faculty of Health, Science and Technology, Institution for Health, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Annica Kihlgren
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Agneta Anderzén Carlsson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University Health Care Research Center, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
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Koç S, Küçük Alemdar D. Effect of a musical toy used during peripheral venous access on children's pain, fear and parental satisfaction: Randomized controlled trial. J Pediatr Nurs 2024:S0882-5963(24)00206-9. [PMID: 38821765 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2024.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This research was completed to determine the effect of a musical toy (xylophone) on pain and fear in children and parental satisfaction during peripheral venous access in children. DESIGN AND METHODS This research was completed as a randomized controlled trial study. The sample for the research comprised 70 children (control: 35, experiment: 35) aged 3-6 years with peripheral venous access who were admitted to the Pediatric ward and their parents abiding with case selection criteria. RESULTS The mean Children's Emotional Manifestation Scale score for children in the experiment group was found to be statistically significantly lower than in the control group (p < 0.05). Children in the experiment group had statistically significantly different mean Children's Fear Scale scores, which were found to be low (p < 0.05). No statistically significant difference was found between the pain scores of the experimental and control groups (p > 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference present for patient cooperation with the nurse in the experiment group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Though the use of a musical toy during the peripheral venous access procedure had positive impacts on fear and emotional symptoms in the child, it did not appear to have any effect on the child's pain level or parental satisfaction. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS The use of a xylophone during painful procedures performed on children is recommended in terms of reducing the negative impact of the procedure on children by ensuring the child and parent focus on each other during the procedure and the parent contributes to care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sena Koç
- Giresun Gynaecology and Paediatrics Training and Research Hospital, Department of NICU, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Dilek Küçük Alemdar
- Ordu University Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Ordu, Turkey.
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Cordray H, Wright EA, Patel C, Raol N, Prickett KK. A Mobile Application for Child-Focused Tonsillectomy Education: Development and User-Testing. Laryngoscope 2024; 134:2455-2463. [PMID: 37983833 DOI: 10.1002/lary.31198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patient education is central to Enhanced Recovery After Surgery protocols, but child-focused materials are lacking. We developed and piloted a mobile application to support accessible, interactive patient and caregiver education about pediatric tonsillectomy. METHODS Thirty children ages 5-12 who were preparing for tonsillectomy, their caregivers, and six attending otolaryngologists participated in a user-testing trial of a web-based prototype. The trial measured feasibility, fidelity, and patient-centered outcomes. Patients and caregivers rated usability/likeability on the mHealth App Usability Questionnaire. Otolaryngologists rated quality on the Mobile App Rating Scale. The full mobile application, "Ready for Tonsillectomy," was then developed for iOS and Android. RESULTS Enrollment was 88.2%, retention was 90.0%, and use was 96.3%. Mean (SD) patient ratings for usability/likeability were 6.3 (1.1) out of 7; caregiver ratings were 6.5 (1.1). In common themes from open-ended feedback, patients described the application as helpful and appealing, and caregivers described it as informative, easy to understand, calming, and easy to use. Among caregivers who used the application during recovery, 92.3% reported that it helped them manage their child's pain. Providers would recommend the application to many or all of their patients (mean [SD]: 4.7 [0.5] out of 5). Mean provider ratings for domains of engagement, functionality, aesthetics, information quality, subjective quality, and app-specific value ranged from 4.1 to 4.8 out of 5. CONCLUSION Feasibility and fidelity were high. Families and otolaryngologists endorsed the resource as an engaging, informative tool that supports positive coping. Our mobile application offers a patient-centered solution readily scalable to other surgeries. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA Laryngoscope, 134:2455-2463, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Cordray
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Emily A Wright
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Chhaya Patel
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Nikhila Raol
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kara K Prickett
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Segers EW, Ketelaar M, de Man MACP, Schoonhoven L, van de Putte EM, van den Hoogen A. How to support children to develop and express their coping preferences around minor invasive medical procedures: children's and parents' perspectives. Eur J Pediatr 2023; 182:5553-5563. [PMID: 37787922 PMCID: PMC10746775 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-05222-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Invasive medical procedures in hospitals are major sources of stress in children, causing pain and fear. Non-pharmacological interventions are indispensable in effective pain and fear management. However, these interventions must be personalized to be effective. This qualitative study aims to gain insight into children's and parents' experiences, needs, and wishes related to supporting children to develop and express their coping preferences for dealing with pain and fear during minor invasive medical procedures in order to decrease pain and fear. A qualitative study using thematic analysis was performed. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with children and parents who had undergone at least five minor invasive medical procedures in the last year. Nineteen children (8-18 years) and fourteen parents were interviewed individually. The experiences, needs, and wishes expressed in the interviews could be classified into one overarching theme, that of the personal process, and two content-related sub-themes: feeling trust and gaining control. The personal process was divided into two different phases, that of developing and of expressing coping preferences. Children and parents both reported it as a continuous process, different for every child, with their own unique needs. Children and parents expected personalized attention and tailored support from professionals. Conclusion: Professionals must combine clinical skills with child-tailored care. In the process of searching for and communicating about coping preferences, children's unique needs and personal boundaries will thereby be respected. This gives children and parents increased trust and control during invasive medical procedures. What is Known: • Untreated pain and stress caused by medical procedures can have severe and important short- and long-term consequences for children. Personalized non-pharmacological interventions are an essential element of procedural pain management. What is New: • A personalized coping strategy is important for children when undergoing medical procedures. Each individual child has a personal way of expressing their own coping strategy. Children and their parents need information and the space to develop and express their individual coping preferences. • Children and parents expect to receive child-tailored care from professionals including respect for their own, unique needs and boundaries. Professionals should build trustful relationships and provide appropriately tailored autonomy around medical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth W Segers
- Department of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85090, 3508 AB, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Marjolijn Ketelaar
- Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, Brain Center University Medical Center Utrecht and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marjorie A C P de Man
- Department of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85090, 3508 AB, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lisette Schoonhoven
- Nursing Science, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Elise M van de Putte
- Department of Pediatrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85090, 3508 AB, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Agnes van den Hoogen
- Department of Neonatology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, PO Box 85090, 3508 AB, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Maksimoski M, Maurrasse SE, Valika T. A Quantitative Analysis of Smartphone-Based Endoscopy and Video Tower Endoscopy. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2023; 132:1418-1423. [PMID: 36999527 DOI: 10.1177/00034894231162678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Examine the differences between traditional tower-based endoscopy (TBE) and smartphone-based endoscopy (SBE) using objective measures of cost, setup time, and image quality. METHODS Cost analysis study and randomized single-blinded prospective trial was performed at a tertiary academic health center. Twenty-three healthcare providers, 2 PA-C, 9 residents, 2 fellows, 10 attendings varying in practice from 1 to 27 years were a part of the study. Actual cost analysis was used for purchase of the Karl Storz video tower system and the Save My Scope smartphone-based endoscopy system for cost analysis. For setup time, providers entered a room and were randomized to set up either an SBE or TBE system and timed from room entry to a visible on-screen image. A crossover was then performed so all providers performed both setups. For image discernment, standardized photos of a modified Snellen's test were sent via text message to providers who were blinded as to which photo represented which system. Practitioners were randomized as to which photo to receive first. RESULTS Cost savings was 95.8% ($39,917 USD) per system. Setup time for the smartphone system was 46.7 seconds less than video tower system on average (61.5 vs 23.5 seconds; P < .001, 95% CI: 30.3-63.1 seconds). Level of visual discernment was slightly better for SBE over TBE, with reviewers able to identify Snellen test letters at a size of 4.2 mm with SBE versus 5.9 mm with TBE (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Smartphone-based endoscopy was found to be cheaper, quicker to set up, and to have marginally better image quality when transmitted via messaging than tower-based endoscopy, although the clinical significance of these visual differences are unknown. If appropriate for their needs, clinicians should consider smartphone-based endoscopy as a viable option for viewing and collaborating on endoscopic images from a fiberoptic endoscope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Maksimoski
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Sarah E Maurrasse
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Taher Valika
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Kerimaa H, Hakala M, Haapea M, Vähänikkilä H, Serlo W, He HG, Pölkki T. Effectiveness of a Mobile App Intervention for Preparing Preschool Children and Parents for Day Surgery: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e46989. [PMID: 37773624 PMCID: PMC10576237 DOI: 10.2196/46989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Day surgery allows families to return home quickly. Only a few approaches to preparing for day surgery have demonstrated how digital solutions can support families and children. OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a mobile app intervention on preschool children's fear and pain and parents' anxiety and stress in preparing children for day surgery. METHODS This study was conducted at the Pediatric Day Surgical Department of a university hospital in Finland between 2018 and 2020. Parents of children (aged 2-6 y) who were in a queue for elective day surgery were randomized into the intervention group (IG; n=36) and control group (CG; n=34). The CG received routine preparations, whereas the IG was prepared using a mobile app. Parents' and children's outcomes were measured using validated scales at 4 different points: at home (T1 and T4) and at the hospital (T2 and T3) before and after surgery. Group differences were analyzed using statistical methods suitable for the material. RESULTS Before surgery, parents in both groups experienced mild anxiety, which decreased after surgery. Parental anxiety did not differ between groups preoperatively (P=.78) or postoperatively (P=.63). Both groups had less anxiety at home after surgery compared with before. The IG showed a significant decrease (P=.003); the CG also improved (P=.002). Preoperatively at home, most parents in both groups experienced no stress or mild stress (P=.61). Preoperatively at the hospital, parents in both groups experienced mild stress; however, parents in the IG experienced more stress during this phase (P=.02). Parents in the IG experienced significantly less stress postoperatively than those in the CG (P=.05). Both groups showed decreased stress levels from before to after surgery (IG: P=.003; CG: P=.004) within each group. There were no significant differences in children's pain levels between the groups and measurement points. This was observed before surgery at home (P=.25), before surgery at the hospital (P=.98), and after surgery at the hospital (P=.72). Children's fear decreased more in the IG (P=.006) than in the CG (P=.44) comparing the phases before and after surgery at home. Fear did not differ between the IG and CG preoperatively at home (P=.20) or at the hospital (P=.59) or postoperatively at the hospital (P=.62) or at home (P=.81). CONCLUSIONS The mobile app intervention did not reduce anxiety or pain. However, it was observed that parents in the IG experienced substantially heightened stress levels before surgery at the hospital, which decreased significantly after surgery at home. In addition, fear levels in children in the IG decreased over time, whereas no significant change was observed in the CG. These results are important for developing health care service chains and providing families with innovative and customer-oriented preparation methods. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03774303; https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03774303.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heli Kerimaa
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mervi Hakala
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marianne Haapea
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Research Service Unit, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Hannu Vähänikkilä
- Northern Finland Birth Cohorts, Arctic Biobank, Infrastructure for Population Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Willy Serlo
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Oulu, Finland
- Oulu University Unit of Clinical Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Hong-Gu He
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tarja Pölkki
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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Castiglioni M, Caldiroli CL, Antonietti A. Play-Based Activities with a CoderBot Robot on a Pediatric Ward: A Case Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10071209. [PMID: 35885737 PMCID: PMC9316297 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10071209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Being hospitalized is a threatening and stressful experience for many children. From a psychological point of view, children may experience increased feelings of anxiety and fear that can negatively influence their behavioral, cognitive, and emotional outcomes. To mitigate such adverse effects on children’s mental health and well-being, interventions that might contribute to protecting the emotional domain of hospitalized children are welcome. The present case study of a single-setting intervention allowed us to evaluate the impact, on children admitted to a pediatric short-term recovery ward (N = 61), of participating in play-based activities with a CoderBot robot. The methodology spanned multiple data sources (children, parents, nurses), field observation, and a sequential (quantitative–qualitative) mixed-method approach to data analysis. We found that robot-based activities are associated with enhanced well-being (particularly positive emotions). Both the participating children and their caregivers reported that the activity was enjoyable and interesting, especially thanks to its technologically innovative nature. We critically discuss these positive findings in relation to the strengths of our pilot study, as well as its contextual and methodological limitations, and outline possible future lines of development for this kind of project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Castiglioni
- Department of Human Sciences for Education “Riccardo Massa”, University of Milan-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Cristina Liviana Caldiroli
- Department of Human Sciences for Education “Riccardo Massa”, University of Milan-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy;
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Ingadottir B, Laitonen E, Stefansdottir A, Sigurdardottir AO, Brynjolfsdottir B, Parisod H, Nyman J, Gunnarsdottir K, Jónsdóttir K, Salanterä S, Pakarinen A. Developing a Health Game to Prepare Preschool Children for Anesthesia: Formative Study Using a Child-Centered Approach. JMIR Serious Games 2022; 10:e31471. [PMID: 35049507 PMCID: PMC8814931 DOI: 10.2196/31471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Every year, millions of children undergo medical procedures that require anesthesia. Fear and anxiety are common among young children undergoing such procedures and can interfere with the child’s recovery and well-being. Relaxation, distraction, and education are methods that can be used to prepare children and help them cope with fear and anxiety, and serious games may be a suitable medium for these purposes. User-centered design emphasizes the involvement of end users during the development and testing of products, but involving young, preschool children may be challenging. Objective One objective of this study was to describe the development and usability of a computer-based educational health game intended for preschool children to prepare them for upcoming anesthesia. A further objective was to describe the lessons learned from using a child-centered approach with the young target group. Methods A formative mixed methods child (user)-centered study design was used to develop and test the usability of the game. Preschool children (4-6 years old) informed the game design through playful workshops (n=26), and usability testing was conducted through game-playing and interviews (n=16). Data were collected in Iceland and Finland with video-recorded direct observation and interviews, as well as children’s drawings, and analyzed with content analysis and descriptive statistics. Results The children shared their knowledge and ideas about hospitals, different emotions, and their preferences concerning game elements. Testing revealed the high usability of the game and provided important information that was used to modify the game before publishing and that will be used in its further development. Conclusions Preschool children can inform game design through playful workshops about health-related subjects that they are not necessarily familiar with but that are relevant for them. The game’s usability was improved with the participation of the target group, and the game is now ready for clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brynja Ingadottir
- Faculty of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Elina Laitonen
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Anna Olafia Sigurdardottir
- Faculty of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Children's Hospital, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Heidi Parisod
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Nursing Research Foundation, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Nyman
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | | | - Sanna Salanterä
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Anni Pakarinen
- Department of Nursing Science, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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9
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Leibring I, Anderzén‐Carlsson A. Young children's experiences of support when fearful during treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia-A longitudinal interview study. Nurs Open 2022; 9:527-540. [PMID: 34651461 PMCID: PMC8685861 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.1092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVES To describe young children's experiences of valuable support in managing their fears about treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. The focus was specifically on support from parents and healthcare professionals. DESIGN The study had a qualitative descriptive longitudinal design. METHODS The study analysed 35 interviews with 13 children at three different times during their treatment period. Data were analysed using a matrix-based method. The Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) guidelines have been followed. RESULTS Parents and healthcare professionals provide important support to children undergoing treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, although their roles differ. Children valued their parents' closeness and advocacy, being able to participate in their own care, and being given pain relief during procedures known to create pain. Valued support from healthcare professionals changed over time, from providing information and showing the tools that would be used in procedures, to paying attention to the child's needs and desires. It was more important for children to be able to choose between different alternatives in medical procedures than deciding on major treatment issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingela Leibring
- Institution for HealthFaculty of Health, Science and TechnologyKarlstad UniversityKarlstadSweden
| | - Agneta Anderzén‐Carlsson
- University Health Care Research CenterFaculty of Medicine and HealthÖrebro UniversityÖrebroSweden
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10
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Bąk J, Zarzycka D. Parents' from Poland coping with the illness of a child-Preliminary research. Cultural adaptation and evaluation of the psychometric properties of the coping health inventory for parents - polish version. J Pediatr Nurs 2022; 62:69-77. [PMID: 34799204 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The goal was to present preliminary research results on how parents cope with the illness of a child using the Coping Health Inventory for Parents (CHIP) after it had been culturally adapted and its psychometric properties evaluated. DESIGN AND METHODS Taking part in the study were 459 parents of children with asthma (n = 230) or suffering pain (n = 229).A. RESULTS The content validity of the coefficient of variation ratio (CVR) for each item on the scale ranged from 0.84 to 1.00. Exploratory factor analysis by principal components method with Equamax rotation confirmed the three-factor structure of the test. THe theoretical validity of the tool was confirmed by intercorrelation matrix analysis, and the criterion validity of the CHIP test was evaluated based on analysis of intergroup differences regarding individual measurements of coping by parents of children diagnosed with asthma but differentiated by need of regular medication. CHIP has high Cronbach alpha coefficients values: 0.80-0.86. Results indicate that the children's parents rate as moderately helpful the Support (2.23, ± 0.60) and Family (2.17, ± 0.55) styles. Parents rated the Medical style as least helpful in coping (1.75, ± 0,59). CONCLUSIONS This study confirms both the accuracy and the reliability of the CHIP test, and the obtained coefficient values indicate that the tool can be used for individual and for scientific research. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS The study shows that assessment of the manner of a parent's coping with the illness of a child is influenced by the child's gender and place of residence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadwiga Bąk
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Poland.
| | - Danuta Zarzycka
- Department of Paediatric Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
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11
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Cordray H, Patel C, Prickett KK. Reducing Children's Preoperative Fear with an Educational Pop-up Book: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2021; 167:366-374. [PMID: 34699270 DOI: 10.1177/01945998211053197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Preoperative education empowers children to approach surgery with positive expectations, and providers need efficient, child-focused resources. This study aimed to evaluate an interactive pop-up book as a tool for explaining surgery, managing preoperative anxiety, and strengthening coping strategies. STUDY DESIGN Prospective randomized controlled trial. SETTING Pediatric outpatient surgery center. METHODS Patients ages 5 to 12 undergoing outpatient surgery read a pop-up book about anesthesia (intervention) or received standard care (control). Patients self-reported their preoperative fear, pain expectations, views of the procedure and preoperative explanations, and coping strategies. Outcomes also included observer-rated behavioral anxiety and caregiver satisfaction. RESULTS In total, 148 patients completed the study. The pop-up book had a significant, large effect in reducing patients' fear of anesthesia induction (Cohen's d effect size = 0.94; P < .001). Intervention patients also expected less pain than control patients from the anesthesia mask and during surgery (d = 0.60-0.80; P < .001). The book encouraged more positive views of the procedure and preoperative explanations (P < .005). Furthermore, the book prepared patients to cope adaptively: intervention patients were significantly more likely to generate positive active coping strategies, distraction strategies, and support-seeking strategies (P < .001). Observer-rated behavioral anxiety at anesthesia induction did not differ between groups (P = .75). Caregivers in the intervention group were significantly more satisfied with each aspect of the surgical experience (P≤ .02). CONCLUSION The educational pop-up book offers a child-focused resource that helps alleviate children's preoperative fears, encourages positive coping, and improves caregivers' perceptions of the experience. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04796077).
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Cordray
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta at Egleston, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Chhaya Patel
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta at Egleston, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kara K Prickett
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta at Egleston, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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12
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Exploring Non-Pharmacological Management among Anesthesia Providers to Reduce Preoperative Distress in Children. J Pediatr Nurs 2020; 50:105-112. [PMID: 31805493 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Preparation for surgery with the induction of general anesthesia is one of the most stressful events that a child can experience. It produces several threats to the child, including physical harm, parent separation, and fear of the unknown. Anesthesia providers utilize non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions to decrease this preoperatively. However, little is known about the non-pharmacological interventions utilized by anesthesia providers in practice. The purpose of this study was to explore non-pharmacological interventions utilized by anesthesia providers before and during the induction of general anesthesia to reduce preoperative distress in children ages one to six years old. A qualitative descriptive approach was used in this study. Twenty anesthesia providers, fourteen registered nurse anesthetists and six anesthesiologists, participated in face to face, in-depth interviews in South Florida. Content analysis was used to identify and define the major themes that emerged from the interviews. A total of seven main themes were identified. Only the three themes directly related to parent-provider-child relationship are discussed in this paper: (I) Communication, (II) Observational Skills, and (III) Parental Presence. The anesthesia providers who participated in this study offered an opportunity to better understand the non-pharmacological interventions used to impact the management of preoperative distress among children. Study findings provide evidence about non-pharmacological anesthesia providers' clinical work not found elsewhere in the literature. Non-pharmacological interventions are effective in reducing preoperative distress in children.
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Karlsson K, Galvin K, Darcy L. Medical procedures in children using a conceptual framework that keeps a focus on human dimensions of care - a discussion paper. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2019; 14:1675354. [PMID: 31621530 PMCID: PMC6807864 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2019.1675354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Children’s perspectives in the context of health service delivery have historically been seen as unimportant. They have been viewed as unintelligent, unable to effectively share or tell of their experiences or fully participate in their care, potentially resulting in a sense of dehumanisation. Method: The present paper illustrates children’s experiences when undergoing medical procedures, using application of the eight dimensions of humanised care theoretical framework. Results: Findings from six published papers were reflectively interrogated to identify implicit findings related to the dimensions of humanised care. These implicit findings show ways of caring for childrenwhichcan lead to enhanced human sensitivity in care or conversely where the dimensions of being human are obscured to greater or lesser degrees and can result in forms of dehumanisation. Conclusions: Inadvertent dehumanising features of practice can be mediated by encouraging the inclusion of children’s own lifeworld perspective and make room for their voices in both care and research. In this way the present well documented power imbalance could be addressed. Adding the value of the theoretical framework highlights areas of need for young children to be cared for as human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Karlsson
- Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare, University of Boras , Boras , Sweden
| | - Kathleen Galvin
- Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare, University of Boras , Boras , Sweden.,School of Health Science, University of Brighton , Brighton , UK
| | - Laura Darcy
- Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare, University of Boras , Boras , Sweden
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14
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Delvecchio E, Salcuni S, Lis A, Germani A, Di Riso D. Hospitalized Children: Anxiety, Coping Strategies, and Pretend Play. Front Public Health 2019; 7:250. [PMID: 31555632 PMCID: PMC6743064 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to assess strengths and fragilities in children aged 6 to 10 who suffered one or more hospitalizations. State and trait anxiety, coping abilities, and cognitive and affective functioning through play were assessed using a triangulation approach. Fifty hospitalized children aged 6-10 were compared to 50 non-hospitalized children, and children at first admission were compared with children with more than one hospitalization experience. The State-Trait Anxiety Scales Inventory for Children was administered for assessing trait and state anxiety, and the Children's Coping Strategies Checklist (Revision 1) was administered to assess coping dimensions. The Affect in Play Scale - Preschool - Brief (Extended version) was used to assess cognitive and affective dimensions of play. No significant differences were found for trait anxiety between hospitalized vs. non-hospitalized children. Instead, as expected, state anxiety was significantly higher in hospitalized childen than in the non-hospitalized children. Hospitalized children reported higher scores than non-hospitalized children in support-seeking strategies. As for pretend play, hospitalized children showed significantly higher cognitive scores than non-hospitalized children. However, hospitalized children appeared significantly more restricted in their affect expressions. No significant differences were found for play and anxiety scores between children admitted for the first time in the hospital ward and children with more than one admission. However, children at first admission scored higher in coping and positive cognitive restructuring and in avoidance-coping strategies than children with more than one admission. The initial assessment of the interplay of key variables such as anxiety, coping and play can inform healthcare professionals by serving as a guide in order to determine a child's risk for negative psychological outcomes due to hospitalization, to plan appropriate interventions and to provide substantial assistance to hospitalized children in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Delvecchio
- Dipartimento di Filosofia, Scienze Sociali, Umane e della Formazione, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Silvia Salcuni
- DPSS - Dipartimento di Psicologia dello Sviluppo e della Socializzazione, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Adriana Lis
- DPSS - Dipartimento di Psicologia dello Sviluppo e della Socializzazione, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Germani
- Dipartimento di Filosofia, Scienze Sociali, Umane e della Formazione, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Daniela Di Riso
- DPSS - Dipartimento di Psicologia dello Sviluppo e della Socializzazione, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
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15
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Öztürk Şahin Ö, Topan A. Investigation of the Fear of 7-18-Year-Old Hospitalized Children for Illness and Hospital. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2019; 58:1011-1023. [PMID: 30136136 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-018-0688-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Illness and hospitalization are conditions leading to negative effects in children's lives regardless of their age. This study was performed descriptively in order to examine the fears of hospitalized children for illness and hospital. The study was descriptive and sectional and performed in Karabük University (Turkey) Training and Research Hospital between February 1 and May 1, 2015. Sample of the study was composed of 144 children who were hospitalized due to an acute illness and their parents who approved to participate in the study. Participant information form and an information form that was prepared to evaluate the fears of children for illness and hospital were used as data collection tools. Data were collected by face-to-face interview technique. Statistical analyses were used to assess data. It was found that 56.2% of children in the study were males and were between 7 and 10 years of age; 42.4% were scared of getting illness. 39.5% of 86 children who were previously hospitalized have stated that they experienced fear due to hospitalization; injections were in the first place among causes of fear by 64.7%. When the causes of children's fear for illness and hospital were examined, it was determined that "undergoing an operation (3.21 ± 1.13)," "staying away from the family during hospitalization (3.11 ± 0.96)" and "worrying the family when he/she gets an illness (3.02 ± 1.05)" were in the first three ones. When the relationship between some characteristics of the children and their parents and children's status of fear for illness was investigated, it was detected that there was a significant difference between their previous fear of hospitalization and their current status of fear for getting illness (p = 0.003). It was observed that children in the study experienced fear for illness and hospitalization and the percentage of children with fears was found to be high. It was also determined that undergoing an operation, staying away from the family during hospitalization and worrying the family when he/she gets an illness were among the first causes of their fears.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Öztürk Şahin
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Karabük University, Karabük, Turkey
| | - Aysel Topan
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey.
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16
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Leibring I, Anderzén-Carlsson A. Fear and Coping in Children 5-9 years old Treated for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia - A Longitudinal Interview Study. J Pediatr Nurs 2019; 46:e29-e36. [PMID: 30786968 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to describe the fears of 5- to 9-year-old children related to having acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and their strategies for coping with those fears. DESIGN AND METHODS The study had a qualitative descriptive longitudinal design and included a total of 35 interviews with 13 children at three different times during their treatment period. Data were analyzed using a matrix-based method inspired by the work of Miles et al. RESULTS: Initially, most children reported a fear of needles, but during the treatment period, fewer children reported this fear. Children's coping strategies also changed over time, as they wanted more involvement and control during needle-related procedures. Other fears were having adhesive tapes removed, having a nasogastric tube, and taking tablets. During the treatment period, existential fears related to the seriousness of ALL and its consequences, such as having impaired physical fitness and being different from before and different from others, became more prominent and caused feelings of loneliness and alienation. CONCLUSIONS The children described various fears through their treatment period, which they coped with using cognitive, emotional, and functional strategies. Over the 2.5-year period, their strategies changed. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Because fears changed over time and varied among these different children, each child must be approached individually and attentively in every encounter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingela Leibring
- Faculty of Health, Science and Technology, Institution for Health, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Agneta Anderzén-Carlsson
- Faculty of Health, Science and Technology, Institution for Health, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden; University Health Care Research Center, School of Health and Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
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17
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Stålberg A, Sandberg A, Söderbäck M. Child-centred Care - Health Professionals' Perceptions of What Aspects are Meaningful When Using Interactive Technology as a Facilitator in Healthcare Situations. J Pediatr Nurs 2018; 43:e10-e17. [PMID: 30056996 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Stålberg
- School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden.
| | - Anette Sandberg
- School of Education, Culture and Communication, Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden
| | - Maja Söderbäck
- School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden
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18
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the psychosocial aspects experienced by children with cancer undergoing surgical and procedural treatments. DATA SOURCES CINAHL, PubMed, and PsycINFO resources. CONCLUSION The diagnosis of cancer is a threatening experience for the pediatric patient with cancer leading to anxiety and distress, which is elevated with a surgical or procedural approach to treatment. Assessing the child's developmental level and previous experiences are fundamental in identifying the appropriate interventions to reduce anxiety and distress to support effective coping. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE Nurses are instrumental in assessing the child's level of anxiety related to surgical procedures. Suggested evidence-based interventions for anxiety and distress include therapeutic play, structured educational preparation, and art-based programs (ie, Hope Bead program).
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19
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Teksoz E, Bilgin I, Madzwamuse SE, Oscakci AF. The impact of a creative play intervention on satisfaction with nursing care: A mixed-methods study. J SPEC PEDIATR NURS 2017; 22. [PMID: 28090740 DOI: 10.1111/jspn.12169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 11/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hospitalisation can lead to distress for children. Creative play may reduce the adverse effects of hospitalisation on children, as it could lead to children associating satisfaction and fun with their hospital experience. The aim of the current study is to investigate the impact of a creative play intervention on service-care satisfaction measurements of children and their parents. DESIGN AND METHODS A mixed-methods design consisting of quantitative pre/post-assessments and qualitative interviews was used within this study. The research was conducted with 30 children (nexperimental group = 15; ncontrol group = 15). Their parents (n = 30) and their nurse practitioners (n = 20) were also contacted in order to capture their reflections of this intervention which included creative activities with unused clean medical materials. Child participants completed the Patient's Nursing Care Perception Tool and their parents completed the PedsQL Health Care Satisfaction Tool. RESULTS The two groups did not differ in relation to the Patients' Nursing Care Satisfaction Tool (PNCST) (t(28): 0.348, p = .730) and the PedsQL (t(28): -0.189, p = .852) scores at Time 1 before the intervention; however, significant differences were observed at the end at Time 2 (PNCST: t(28): -11.63, p < .001; PedsQL: t(28): -12.416, p < .001). In qualitative interviews, nurses indicated that their play skills with children had been enhanced by this intervention. Family attendants reported that the intervention improved the nurse-child relationship and their satisfaction with care. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS The results have shown that creative play intervention are a feasible nursing intervention which has a strong potential to be effective on child patients' and their attendants' satisfaction with care services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emel Teksoz
- Health School of Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey.,Centre for Health Research, School of Health Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - Ibrahim Bilgin
- Education Faculty of Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
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20
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Karlsson K, Dalheim Englund AC, Enskär K, Nyström M, Rydström I. Experiencing Support During Needle-Related Medical Procedures: A Hermeneutic Study With Young Children (3-7Years). J Pediatr Nurs 2016; 31:667-677. [PMID: 27426015 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Needle-related medical procedures (NRMPs) are something that all young children need to undergo at some point. These procedures may involve feelings of fear, pain and anxiety, which can cause problems later in life either when seeking healthcare in general or when seeking care specifically involving needles. More knowledge is needed about supporting children during these procedures. AIM This study aims to explain and understand the meaning of the research phenomenon: support during NRMPs. The lived experiences of the phenomenon are interpreted from the perspective of younger children. METHOD The analysis uses a lifeworld hermeneutic approach based on participant observations and interviews with children between 3 and 7years of age who have experienced NRMPs. RESULTS The research phenomenon, support for younger children during NRMPs, is understood through the following themes: being the centre of attention, getting help with distractions, being pampered, becoming involved, entrusting oneself to the safety of adults and being rewarded. A comprehensive understanding is presented wherein younger children experience support from adults during NRMPs in order to establish resources and/or strengthen existing resources. CONCLUSIONS The manner in which the child will be guided through the procedure is developed based on the child's reactions. This approach demonstrates that children are actively participating during NRMPs. Supporting younger children during NRMPs consists of guiding them through a shared situation that is mutually beneficial to the child, the parent and the nurse. Play during NRMP is an important tool that enables the support to be perceived as positive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Karlsson
- Faculty of Caring Sciences, Work Life and Social Welfare, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden.
| | | | - Karin Enskär
- Department of Nursing Sciences, CHILD Research Group, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Maria Nyström
- Faculty of Caring Sciences, Work Life and Social Welfare, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden
| | - Ingela Rydström
- Faculty of Caring Sciences, Work Life and Social Welfare, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden
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21
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Harding J, Davis M. An observational study based on the interaction between the paediatric patient and radiographer. Radiography (Lond) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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22
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Carnier LE, Padovani FHP, Perosa GB, Rodrigues OMPR. Estratégias de enfrentamento em crianças em situação pré-cirúrgica: relação com idade, sexo, experiência com cirurgia e estresse. ESTUDOS DE PSICOLOGIA (CAMPINAS) 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-166x2015000200015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
O estudo objetivou verificar as estratégias de enfrentamento de crianças, com idade entre 7 e 12 anos, em situação pré-cirúrgica, e sua relação com variáveis sociodemográficas, presença de estresse na criança, no acompanhante e experiência prévia com cirurgia. Para tanto, 58 crianças internadas para realização de cirurgias eletivas responderam ao instrumento de avaliação das estratégias de enfrentamento da hospitalização e a um questionário de avaliação do estresse. O acompanhante respondeu a um levantamento sociodemográfico e ao inventário de sintomas de estresse de Lipp. As estratégias mais utilizadas foram distração e solução do problema e as menos utilizadas, afastamento social e oposição. Meninas e filhos de pais com estresse usaram significativamente mais estratégias de regulação da emoção. Observou-se maior uso de reestruturação cognitiva em crianças mais velhas e com experiência prévia em cirurgia. Os resultados sinalizam a necessidade de considerar as variáveis estudadas quando da elaboração de programas de preparação cirúrgica.
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Halkoaho A, Kangasniemi M, Niinimäki S, Pietilä AM. Type 2 diabetes patients’ perceptions about counselling elicited by interview: is it time for a more health-oriented approach? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/edn.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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24
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Capurso M, Pazzagli C. Play as a coping strategy?: A review of the relevant literature. CHILDRENS HEALTH CARE 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/02739615.2014.948163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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25
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Burns-Nader S, Hernandez-Reif M. Facilitating play for hospitalized children through child life services. CHILDRENS HEALTH CARE 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/02739615.2014.948161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Karlsson K, Englund ACD, Enskär K, Rydström I. Parents' perspectives on supporting children during needle-related medical procedures. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2014; 9:23759. [PMID: 25008196 PMCID: PMC4090367 DOI: 10.3402/qhw.v9.23759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
When children endure needle-related medical procedures (NRMPs), different emotions arise for the child and his/her parents. Despite the parents’ own feelings, they have a key role in supporting their child through these procedures. The aim of this study is to describe the meanings of supporting children during NRMPs from the perspective of the parents. Twenty-one parents participated in this study. A reflective lifeworld research (RLR) approach was used and phenomenological analysis was applied. The essential meaning of the phenomenon—supporting children during an NRMP—is characterized as “keeping the child under the protection of one’s wings,” sometimes very close and sometimes a little further out under the wingtips. The essential meaning is additionally described through its constituents: paying attention to the child’s way of expressing itself, striving to maintain control, facilitating the child’s understanding, focusing the child’s attention, seeking additional support, and rewarding the child. The conclusion is that parents’ ability to be supportive can be affected when seeing their child undergo an NRMP. To regain the role as the child’s protector and to be able to keep the child “under the protection of one’s wings,” parents need support from the staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Karlsson
- School of Health Sciences, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden; Department of Nursing Sciences, CHILD Research Group, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden;
| | | | - Karin Enskär
- Department of Nursing Sciences, CHILD Research Group, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Ingela Rydström
- School of Health Sciences, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden
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Harder M, Christensson K, Söderbäck M. Undergoing an immunization is effortlessly, manageable or difficult according to five-year-old children. Scand J Caring Sci 2014; 29:268-76. [PMID: 24974763 DOI: 10.1111/scs.12160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To prevent diseases among children they regularly undergo immunizations. Previous research show different approaches available to facilitate immunization-procedures for children to protect them from harm. To complement this research and provide care suited for children, research recognizing their perceptions of undergoing such a procedure is needed. AIM The aim of this study was to describe 5-year-old children's perceptions of undergoing an immunization. METHOD A phenomenographic approach and analysis was used to describe the children's (n = 21) various perceptions. The data-collection was accomplished directly after the immunization to grasp the children's immediate perceptions. Drawings and reflective talks were used as they are considered as suitable methods when involving young children in research. The right to conduct research with children was approved by the appropriate research ethics committee and also by each child and the parents. RESULTS The findings show that children's perceptions of an immunization-procedure may vary from effortlessly, to manageable or difficult. Regardless of how the child perceive the immunization-procedure each perception embrace the children's descriptions of actors and articles in the situation, their feelings in the situation and also their actions to deal with the immunization. Nevertheless, these descriptions vary according to how the children perceive the immunization as effortlessly, manageable or difficult. CONCLUSION Children's and adults' perceptions of medical procedures may differ and children need guidance, time and space to deal with them. Recognizing children's perceptions of undergoing an immunization contributes to the promotion of their right to be involved in their own health care and towards the development of child-centred care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Harder
- School of Health Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden
| | - Kyllike Christensson
- Department of Woman's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maja Söderbäck
- School of Health Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden
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Karlsson K, Rydström I, Enskär K, Englund ACD. Nurses' perspectives on supporting children during needle-related medical procedures. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2014; 9:23063. [PMID: 24646473 PMCID: PMC3955765 DOI: 10.3402/qhw.v9.23063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Children state that among their worst fears during hospitalization are those related to various nursing procedures and to injections and needles. Nurses thus have a responsibility to help children cope with needle-related medical procedures (NRMP) and the potentially negative effects of these. The aim of the study is to describe the lived experience of supporting children during NRMP, from the perspective of nurses. Fourteen nurses took part in the study, six of whom participated on two occasions thus resulting in 20 interviews. A reflective lifeworld research approach was used, and phenomenological analysis was applied. The result shows that supporting children during NRMP is characterized by a desire to meet the child in his/her own world and by an effort to reach the child's horizon of understanding regarding these actions, based on the given conditions. The essential meaning of the phenomenon is founded on the following constituents: developing relationships through conversation, being sensitive to embodied responses, balancing between tact and use of restraint, being the child's advocate, adjusting time, and maintaining belief. The discussion focuses on how nurses can support children through various types of conversation and by receiving help from the parents' ability to be supportive, and on whether restraint can be supportive or not for children during NRMP. Our conclusion is that nurses have to see each individual child, meet him/her in their own world, and decide on supportive actions while at the same time balancing their responsibility for the completion of the NRMP. This work can be described as "balancing on a tightrope" in an unpredictable situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Karlsson
- School of Health Sciences, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden; Department of Nursing Sciences, CHILD Research Group, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden;
| | - Ingela Rydström
- School of Health Sciences, University of Borås, Borås, Sweden
| | - Karin Enskär
- Department of Nursing Sciences, CHILD Research Group, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
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Golsäter M, Enskär K, Harder M. Nurses' encounters with children in child and school health care: negotiated guidance within a given frame. Scand J Caring Sci 2013; 28:591-9. [PMID: 24117688 DOI: 10.1111/scs.12087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Throughout childhood, children take part in health visits according to a health-monitoring programme. The visits are aimed to promote the children's development and health and to strengthen them to take own responsibility for their health. Nurses' actions when encountering children at these visits are not explored to any great extent. Exploring nurses' actions can facilitate their reflections on their actions towards children and thereby promote children's involvement in such visits. AIM The aim of this study was to explore nurses' actions when encountering children at health visits. METHOD A qualitative explorative design, based on 30 video recordings of health visits in child and school health care, was used in this study. These visits were ordinary real-life health visits. The data were subjected to qualitative content analysis. The right to conduct video recordings during health visits was approved by appropriate research ethics committees. RESULTS The findings show that nurses, in order to carry out the health visits, encounter children through negotiated guidance. This guidance is understood as the process through which the nurses reach agreement with the children, and is comprised of directed and pliable strategies. At one moment, the nurse can use a directed strategy to inform the child and at the next moment a pliable strategy to provide the child space within the given frame, the health-monitoring programme. By using these strategies intertwined, the nurse can provide the child space within the given frame and, at the same time, fulfil his/her responsibility to promote children's health and development. CONCLUSION The results highlight nurses' challenging and complex assignment of guiding children to promote their engagement in the health visits, thereby enabling the nurses to promote the children's health and development according to the national health-monitoring programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Golsäter
- Child Research Group, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
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30
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Wang AA, Paige KN, Gaskins HR, Teran-Garcia M. An Improved Method for Collecting Breath From 3- to 7-Year-Old Children. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2013; 38:507-9. [DOI: 10.1177/0148607113483178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - H. Rex Gaskins
- Division of Nutritional Sciences
- Department of Animal Sciences
- Institute for Genomic Biology
- Department of Pathobiology
- University of Illinois Cancer Center
| | - Margarita Teran-Garcia
- Division of Nutritional Sciences
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL
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31
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Randall D, Hallowell L. 'Making the bad things seem better': coping in children receiving healthcare. J Child Health Care 2012; 16:305-13. [PMID: 23027523 DOI: 10.1177/1367493512443907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The focus of children's healthcare literature has been the delivery of services to children and their parents, little attention has been paid to how children cope with receiving such care. In this paper we use a literature scoping method to bring together the literature on how medical talk can engage or isolate children, consider the environmental factors which can help children to be engaged and discuss an ethical symmetry approach. We propose that an ethical symmetry approach would provide a framework for healthcare teams to explore how to optimize children's engagement with their healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan Randall
- Nursing and Physiotherapy, School of Health and Population Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK.
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32
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Jensen CS, Jackson K, Kolbæk R, Glasdam S. Children's experiences of acute hospitalisation to a paediatric emergency and assessment unit--a qualitative study. J Child Health Care 2012; 16:263-73. [PMID: 22308539 DOI: 10.1177/1367493511431071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Short-stay treatment has become a popular form of care as a strategy to cope with increased demands on health care. There is little research that considers children's experiences of acute hospitalisation to a short-stay care facility such as a Paediatric Emergency and Assessment Unit (PEAU). This study explored the experiences of eight children aged 8-10 years. Semi-structured interviews were carried out to investigate the children's own experiences of being hospitalised in a PEAU. Thematic content analyses were used. Three major themes were identified: the children's understanding of disease, treatment and procedures; the children's experiences of health-care personnel and the PEAU and transformation of everyday life into the settings of the hospital. The children identified the hospital stay as an overall positive experience. The children took part in leisure activities as they would at home and enjoyed time together with their parents while in hospital. In their conversations with staff they adapted to professional terms that they did not necessarily understand. They did not differentiate between professionals. Further work should be considered to clarify the consequences of this. This study has provided some limited insight into the child's experiences of acute hospitalisation, which should inform nursing care.
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Salmela M, Aronen ET, Salanterä S. The experience of hospital-related fears of 4- to 6-year-old children. Child Care Health Dev 2011; 37:719-26. [PMID: 21143264 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2010.01171.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is little information available on a 4- to 6-year-old child's subjective experience of hospital-related fears, even though the data collected from parents and hospital staff indicate that hospitalization is an anxiety-producing experience for young children. METHODS A qualitative method was chosen using a purposive sample of 90 children. The data were gathered via semi-structured interview from 2004 to 2006. The data were analysed using the structure of Colaizzi's Method of Phenomenological Analysis. RESULTS The essential fears were fears related to nursing interventions and pain, to the separation from parents and being left alone, to the lack of information, and to instruments and equipment. Children expressed their fears verbally or through their actions. The meaning of hospital-related fear formed four main clusters: insecurity, injury, helplessness, and rejection. CONCLUSIONS For young children, an experience of hospital-related might be so traumatic that it influences the well-being of the child. The fear may damage the sense of security felt by the children, and weaken the child's willingness to trust health-care professionals. The children often expressed their fear in a contradictory manner or denied it. Children need the help of adults to express their hospital-related fears, including the objects of these fears.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Salmela
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Söderbäck M, Coyne I, Harder M. The importance of including both a child perspective and the child's perspective within health care settings to provide truly child-centred care. J Child Health Care 2011; 15:99-106. [PMID: 21685225 DOI: 10.1177/1367493510397624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) asserts the right of every child to self-determination, dignity, respect, non-interference, and the right to make informed decisions. The provision of quality care in health services tailored to children's preferences means that health professionals have a responsibility to ensure children's rights, and that the child is encouraged and enabled to make his or her view known on issues that affect them. This paper will help illuminate and differentiate between a child perspective and the child's perspective in health care settings. The issues are supported with research which illustrates the different perspectives. Both perspectives are required to perceive and encounter children as equal human beings in child-centred health care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Söderbäck
- School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden.
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35
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Harder M, Christensson K, Coyne I, Söderbäck M. Five-year-old children's tuning-in and negotiation strategies in an immunization situation. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2011; 21:818-829. [PMID: 21343432 DOI: 10.1177/1049732311400629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we have explored 5-year-old children's expressions when they as actors took part in an immunization situation in the Primary Child Health Care (PCHC) service in Sweden. Although children's health and development are the main concern in the PCHC service, their perspectives in such a setting have not been explored fully. To capture children's perspectives we used a hermeneutic design and video observations. The findings revealed children as competent and active participants, contributing to the construction of the PCHC situation in mutuality with the nurse and the parent. The conceptualization of children's expressions and actions revealed how they influenced and dealt with a PCHC situation by using strategies of tuning-in, affirmative negotiation, and delaying negotiation. Understanding children's actions will assist nurses to act with sensitivity when they encounter and support children.
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Armfield NR, Bradford N, White MM, Spitzer P, Smith AC. Humour sans frontieres: the feasibility of providing clown care at a distance. Telemed J E Health 2011; 17:316-8. [PMID: 21457119 DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2010.0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clown care has been shown to have health-related benefits and is a well-established part of the routine in many children's hospitals. However, children who have been admitted to general hospitals or who are being cared for at home cannot usually enjoy visits by Clown Doctors. Therefore, the aim of this work was to investigate whether an existing telemedicine network could be used to improve equity of access to humor for sick children, specifically those who are hospitalized away from the nearest clown-enabled hospital or who are being cared for at home. Using videoconferencing, we conducted regular clown outreach links from The Royal Children's Hospital in Brisbane, Australia, to children in regional hospitals and to sick children in their homes. Using a program of performance, which was modified for delivery by videoconference, teleclowning was found to be feasible. Further work is required to determine whether the health-related benefits that accrue from in-person clowning are successfully translated to the video-based modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel R Armfield
- Centre for Online Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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