Primary prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism in children

Concordance of Identified Cases of Pediatric HA-VTE with American College of Physicians and Cincinnati Children's Hospital HA-VTE Prophylaxis Guidelines Over a 10-Year Period

Objective: Our aim is to (1) ascertain the proportion of pediatric patients at a tertiary hospital in Western Massachusetts over a 10-year period with hospital-acquired venous thromboembolism (VTE) of particular characteristics and (2) determine whether ACCP or Cincinnati Children’s guidelines would have recommended VTE prophylaxis in these patients. Setting: Urban teaching hospital in the United States. Participants: Data from 98 477 pediatric hospital admissions (roughly 10 000 admission per year) from 2008 to 2017 were reviewed. There were a total of 177 VTE cases identified. Outcome measures: Hospital-acquired venous thromboembolism (including deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism). Result: 177 charts were extracted that carried the diagnosis of VTE based on ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes over a 10-year-period. Among these patients, 34 (19%) met the inclusion criteria for HA-VTE; 5 (16%) would qualify for prophylaxis according to ACCP and 7 (21%) according to Cincinnati Children’s guideline. The most common age group to have a VTE was infants under 1 year of age (41%), and the most common characteristic was the presence of a central line (82%). Age outside of the recommended range was the sole reason that excluded patients from prophylaxis qualification per Cincinnati Children’s. Conclusion: HA-VTE carries increased morbidity and mortality. Although recognition and prevention of HA-VTE in adult populations are routine, prophylaxis for pediatric HA-VTE is not commonly practiced. This may be due to paucity of strong evidence supporting prophylaxis and the challenge of identifying risk factors for HA-VTE. Our results suggest that published guidelines recommend prophylaxis in only a minority of pediatric patients who would have subsequently developed HA-VTE. Further modification and validation of current guidelines are needed to effectively prevent pediatric HA-VTE.

Clinical Issues—January 2012

Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in pediatric patients

Key words: pediatric patients, venous thromboembolism, prophylaxis.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention surgical wound classification system

Key words: surgical wound, wound classification, clean wound, clean-contaminated wound, contaminated wound, dirty infected wound.

Using the Surgical Wound Classification Decision Tree tool

Key words: surgical wound, wound classification, clean-contaminated wound, contaminated wound.

Using cotton surgical masks

Key words: allergy, cotton surgical masks, fabric surgical masks, disposable surgical masks.

Using povidone-iodine solution for surgical skin antisepsis before thyroid procedures

Key words: povidone iodine, thyroid, surgical skin antisepsis.