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Helm A, Totis C, Durante M, Fournier C. Are charged particles a good match for combination with immunotherapy? Current knowledge and perspectives. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 376:1-36. [PMID: 36997266 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Charged particle radiotherapy, mainly using protons and carbon ions, provides physical characteristics allowing for a volume conformal irradiation and a reduction of the integral dose to normal tissue. Carbon ion therapy additionally features an increased biological effectiveness resulting in peculiar molecular effects. Immunotherapy, mostly performed with immune checkpoint inhibitors, is nowadays considered a pillar in cancer therapy. Based on the advantageous features of charged particle radiotherapy, we review pre-clinical evidence revealing a strong potential of its combination with immunotherapy. We argue that the combination therapy deserves further investigation with the aim of translation in clinics, where a few studies have been set up already.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Helm
- Biophysics Department, GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - C Totis
- Biophysics Department, GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Durante
- Biophysics Department, GSI, Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - C Fournier
- Biophysics Department, GSI, Darmstadt, Germany
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2
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Carbon ion radiotherapy in the treatment of gliomas: a review. J Neurooncol 2019; 145:191-199. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-019-03303-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kong EY, Cheng SH, Yu KN. Induction of autophagy and interleukin 6 secretion in bystander cells: metabolic cooperation for radiation-induced rescue effect? JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2018; 59:129-140. [PMID: 29385614 PMCID: PMC5951087 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrx101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We hypothesized that radiation-induced rescue effect (RIRE) shared similar mechanisms with 'metabolic cooperation', in which nutrient-deprived cancer cells prompted normal cells to provide nutrients. Our data demonstrated that X-ray irradiation induced autophagy in HeLa cells, which could last at least 18 h, and proved that the irradiated cells (IRCs) resorted to breaking down their own intracellular components to supply the molecules required for cell-repair enhancement (e.g. to activate the NF-κB pathway) in the absence of support from bystander unirradiated cells (UICs). Furthermore, autophagy accumulation in IRCs was significantly reduced when they were partnered with UICs, and more so with UICs with pre-induced autophagy before partnering (through starvation using Earle's Balanced Salt Solution), which showed that the autophagy induced in UICs supported the IRCs. Our results also showed that interleukin 6 (IL-6) was secreted by bystander UICs, particularly the UICs with pre-induced autophagy, when they were cultured in the medium having previously conditioned irradiated HeLa cells. It was established that autophagy could activate the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) that was required for the IL-6 production in the autophagy process. Taken together, the metabolic cooperation of RIRE was likely initiated by the bystander factors released from IRCs, which induced autophagy and activated STAT3 to produce IL-6 in bystander UICs, and was finally manifested in the activation of the NF-κB pathway in IRCs by the IL-6 secreted by the UICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Yi Kong
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Shuk Han Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Kwan Ngok Yu
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
- Corresponding author: Tel: +852-344-27812; Fax: +852-344-20538;
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Hayashi K, Yamamoto N, Shirai T, Takeuchi A, Kimura H, Miwa S, Higuchi T, Abe K, Taniguchi Y, Aiba H, Kiyohara H, Imai R, Ikeda H, Tsuchiya H. Sequential histological findings and clinical response after carbon ion radiotherapy for unresectable sarcoma. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2017; 2:41-45. [PMID: 29657999 PMCID: PMC5893521 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose The efficacy of carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) for bone and soft tissue sarcoma has been reported recently. Although histological assessment after CIRT requires skilled interpretation, little information is presently available. In this study, we report sequential histological findings after treatment with CIRT, and evaluate the association between these findings and clinical response. Material and methods Seven patients with unresectable sarcoma underwent needle biopsy 12 times at an average of 14.3 months after CIRT and were included in this study. Results One patient underwent two biopsies after CIRT for chordoma. Although a few suspected residual chordoma cells were observed at 19 and 30 months after CIRT, the tumor continued to shrink at 75 months. Immunohistochemical analysis of post-CIRT specimens revealed CK AE1/3, EMA, and S100 expression, as in the pre-CIRT specimen. In total, viable tumor cells were found in 9 of 12 specimens; however, only 2 patients showed recurrent masses on radiological examination. The other 5 patients had stable disease. Conclusions Viable tumor cells after CIRT did not always cause recurrence. This may be due to observation of dying cells or radiation-induced deformed cells. Histological evaluation after CIRT should be done carefully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiro Hayashi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Norio Yamamoto
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Shirai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Akihiko Takeuchi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kimura
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shinji Miwa
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Higuchi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kensaku Abe
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yuta Taniguchi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hisaki Aiba
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kiyohara
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Reiko Imai
- Research Center Hospital for Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroko Ikeda
- Department of Pathology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tsuchiya
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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Isono M, Yoshida Y, Takahashi A, Oike T, Shibata A, Kubota Y, Kanai T, Ohno T, Nakano T. Carbon-ion beams effectively induce growth inhibition and apoptosis in human neural stem cells compared with glioblastoma A172 cells. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2015; 56:856-61. [PMID: 26070322 PMCID: PMC4577002 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrv033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-ion radiotherapy (CIRT) holds promise in the treatment of glioblastoma, an aggressive X-ray-resistant brain tumor. However, since glioblastoma cells show a highly invasive nature, carbon-ion (C-ion) irradiation of normal tissues surrounding the tumor is inevitable. Recent studies have revealed the existence of neural stem cells in the adult brain. Therefore, the damaging effect of C-ion beams on the neural stem cells has to be carefully considered in the treatment planning of CIRT. Here, we investigated the growth and death mode of human neural stem cells (hNSCs) and glioblastoma A172 cells after X-ray or C-ion beam irradiation. The X-ray dose resulting in a 50% growth rate (D(50)) was 0.8 Gy in hNSCs and 3.0 Gy in A172 cells, while the D(50) for C-ion beams was 0.4 Gy in hNSCs and 1.6 Gy in A172 cells; the relative biological effectiveness value of C-ion beams was 2.0 in hNSCs and 1.9 in A172 cells. Importantly, both X-rays and C-ion beams preferentially induced apoptosis, not necrosis, in hNSCs; however, radiation-induced apoptosis was less evident in A172 cells. The apoptosis-susceptible nature of the irradiated hNSCs was associated with prolonged upregulation of phosphorylated p53, whereas the apoptosis-resistant nature of A172 cells was associated with a high basal level of nuclear factor kappa B expression. Taken together, these data indicate that apoptosis is the major cell death pathway in hNSCs after irradiation. The high sensitivity of hNSCs to C-ion beams underscores the importance of careful target volume delineation in the treatment planning of CIRT for glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Isono
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yukari Yoshida
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Akihisa Takahashi
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan Advanced Scientific Research Leaders Development Unit, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takahiro Oike
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shibata
- Advanced Scientific Research Leaders Development Unit, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kubota
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Tatsuaki Kanai
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ohno
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakano
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
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6
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Ferrandon S, Magné N, Battiston-Montagne P, Hau-Desbat NH, Diaz O, Beuve M, Constanzo J, Chargari C, Poncet D, Chautard E, Ardail D, Alphonse G, Rodriguez-Lafrasse C. Cellular and molecular portrait of eleven human glioblastoma cell lines under photon and carbon ion irradiation. Cancer Lett 2015; 360:10-6. [PMID: 25657111 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the cellular and molecular long-term responses of glioblastomas to radiotherapy and hadrontherapy in order to better understand the biological effects of carbon beams in cancer treatment. Eleven human glioblastoma cell lines, displaying gradual radiosensitivity, were irradiated with photons or carbon ions. Independently of p53 or O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase(1) status, all cell lines responded to irradiation by a G2/M phase arrest followed by the appearance of mitotic catastrophe, which was concluded by a ceramide-dependent-apoptotic cell death. Statistical analysis demonstrated that: (i) the SF2(2) and the D10(3) values for photon are correlated with that obtained in response to carbon ions; (ii) regardless of the p53, MGMT status, and radiosensitivity, the release of ceramide is associated with the induction of late apoptosis; and (iii) the appearance of polyploid cells after photon irradiation could predict the Relative Biological Efficiency(4) to carbon ions. This large collection of data should increase our knowledge in glioblastoma radiobiology in order to better understand, and to later individualize, appropriate radiotherapy treatment for patients who are good candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ferrandon
- Laboratoire de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, EMR3738, Faculté Médecine Lyon-Sud, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon1, 69921 Oullins, France
| | - N Magné
- Laboratoire de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, EMR3738, Faculté Médecine Lyon-Sud, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon1, 69921 Oullins, France; Départment de Radiothérapie, Institut de Cancérologie Lucien Neuwirth, 42271 St Priest-en-Jarez, France
| | - P Battiston-Montagne
- Laboratoire de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, EMR3738, Faculté Médecine Lyon-Sud, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon1, 69921 Oullins, France
| | - N-H Hau-Desbat
- Laboratoire de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, EMR3738, Faculté Médecine Lyon-Sud, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon1, 69921 Oullins, France
| | - O Diaz
- Laboratoire de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, EMR3738, Faculté Médecine Lyon-Sud, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon1, 69921 Oullins, France
| | - M Beuve
- IPNL-LIRIS-CNRS-IN2P3, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - J Constanzo
- IPNL-LIRIS-CNRS-IN2P3, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - C Chargari
- Service de Radiothérapie, Hôpital du Val de Grâce, 75230 Paris, France
| | - D Poncet
- Laboratoire de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, EMR3738, Faculté Médecine Lyon-Sud, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon1, 69921 Oullins, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - E Chautard
- Centre Jean Perrin, Laboratoire de Radio-Oncologie Expérimentale, Clermont Université, EA7283 CREaT, Université d'Auvergne, 63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - D Ardail
- Laboratoire de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, EMR3738, Faculté Médecine Lyon-Sud, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon1, 69921 Oullins, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - G Alphonse
- Laboratoire de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, EMR3738, Faculté Médecine Lyon-Sud, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon1, 69921 Oullins, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - C Rodriguez-Lafrasse
- Laboratoire de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, EMR3738, Faculté Médecine Lyon-Sud, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon1, 69921 Oullins, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France.
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Amornwichet N, Oike T, Shibata A, Ogiwara H, Tsuchiya N, Yamauchi M, Saitoh Y, Sekine R, Isono M, Yoshida Y, Ohno T, Kohno T, Nakano T. Carbon-ion beam irradiation kills X-ray-resistant p53-null cancer cells by inducing mitotic catastrophe. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115121. [PMID: 25531293 PMCID: PMC4274003 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose To understand the mechanisms involved in the strong killing effect of carbon-ion beam irradiation on cancer cells with TP53 tumor suppressor gene deficiencies. Materials and Methods DNA damage responses after carbon-ion beam or X-ray irradiation in isogenic HCT116 colorectal cancer cell lines with and without TP53 (p53+/+ and p53-/-, respectively) were analyzed as follows: cell survival by clonogenic assay, cell death modes by morphologic observation of DAPI-stained nuclei, DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by immunostaining of phosphorylated H2AX (γH2AX), and cell cycle by flow cytometry and immunostaining of Ser10-phosphorylated histone H3. Results The p53-/- cells were more resistant than the p53+/+ cells to X-ray irradiation, while the sensitivities of the p53+/+ and p53-/- cells to carbon-ion beam irradiation were comparable. X-ray and carbon-ion beam irradiations predominantly induced apoptosis of the p53+/+ cells but not the p53-/- cells. In the p53-/- cells, carbon-ion beam irradiation, but not X-ray irradiation, markedly induced mitotic catastrophe that was associated with premature mitotic entry with harboring long-retained DSBs at 24 h post-irradiation. Conclusions Efficient induction of mitotic catastrophe in apoptosis-resistant p53-deficient cells implies a strong cancer cell-killing effect of carbon-ion beam irradiation that is independent of the p53 status, suggesting its biological advantage over X-ray treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Napapat Amornwichet
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
- Department of Radiology, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Takahiro Oike
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Atsushi Shibata
- Advanced Scientific Research Leaders Development Unit, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hideaki Ogiwara
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoto Tsuchiya
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motohiro Yamauchi
- Division of Radiation Biology and Protection, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yuka Saitoh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Ryota Sekine
- Advanced Scientific Research Leaders Development Unit, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Mayu Isono
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yukari Yoshida
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ohno
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takashi Kohno
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
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Merz F, Gaunitz F, Dehghani F, Renner C, Meixensberger J, Gutenberg A, Giese A, Schopow K, Hellwig C, Schäfer M, Bauer M, Stöcker H, Taucher-Scholz G, Durante M, Bechmann I. Organotypic slice cultures of human glioblastoma reveal different susceptibilities to treatments. Neuro Oncol 2013; 15:670-81. [PMID: 23576601 PMCID: PMC3661091 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/not003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common lethal brain tumor in human adults, with no major therapeutic breakthroughs in recent decades. Research is based mostly on human tumor cell lines deprived of their organotypic environment or inserted into immune-deficient animals required for graft survival. Here, we describe how glioblastoma specimens obtained from surgical biopsy material can be sectioned and transferred into cultures within minutes. METHODS Slices were kept in 6-well plates, allowing direct observation, application of temozolomide, and irradiation. At the end of experiments, slice cultures were processed for histological analysis including hematoxylin-eosin staining, detection of proliferation (Ki67), apoptosis/cell death (cleaved caspase 3, propidium iodide), DNA double-strand breaks (γH2AX), and neural subpopulations. First clinical trials employed irradiation with the heavy ion carbon for the treatment of glioblastoma patients, but the biological effects and most effective dose regimens remain to be established. Therefore, we developed an approach to expose glioblastoma slice cultures to (12)C and X-rays. RESULTS We found preservation of the individual histopathology over at least 16 days. Treatments resulted in activation of caspase 3, inhibition of proliferation, and cell loss. Irradiation induced γH2AX. In line with clinical observations, individual tumors differed significantly in their susceptibility to temozolomide (0.4%-2.5% apoptosis and 1%-15% cell loss). CONCLUSION Glioblastoma multiforme slice cultures provide a unique tool to explore susceptibility of individual tumors for specific therapies including heavy ions, thus potentially allowing more personalized treatments plus exploration of mechanisms of (and strategies to overcome) tumor resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicitas Merz
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 13, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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Oertel S, Thiemann M, Richter K, Weber KJ, Huber PE, Perez RL, Brons S, Bischof M, Kulozik AE, Ehemann V, Debus J, Blattmann C. Combination of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid with heavy ion therapy shows promising effects in infantile sarcoma cell lines. Radiat Oncol 2011; 6:119. [PMID: 21933400 PMCID: PMC3213106 DOI: 10.1186/1748-717x-6-119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The pan-HDAC inhibitor (HDACI) suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) has previously shown to be a radio-sensitizer to conventional photon radiotherapy (XRT) in pediatric sarcoma cell lines. Here, we investigate its effect on the response of two sarcoma cell lines and a normal tissue cell line to heavy ion irradiation (HIT). Materials and methods Clonogenic assays after different doses of heavy ions were performed. DNA damage and repair were evaluated by measuring γH2AX via flow-cytometry. Apoptosis and cell cycle analysis were also measured via flow cytometry. Protein expression of repair proteins, p53 and p21 were measured using immunoblot analysis. Changes of nuclear architecture after treatment with SAHA and HIT were observed in one of the sarcoma cell lines via light microscopy after staining towards chromatin and γH2AX. Results Corresponding with previously reported photon data, SAHA lead to an increase of sensitivity to heavy ions along with an increase of DSB and apoptosis in the two sarcoma cell lines. In contrast, in the osteoblast cell line (hFOB 1.19), the combination of SAHA and HIT showed a significant radio-protective effect. Laser scanning microscopy revealed no significant morphologic changes after HIT compared to the combined treatment with SAHA. Immunoblot analysis revealed no significant up or down regulation of p53. However, p21 was significantly increased by SAHA and combination treatment as compared to HIT only in the two sarcoma cell lines - again in contrast to the osteoblast cell line. Changes in the repair kinetics of DSB p53-independent apoptosis with p21 involvement may be part of the underlying mechanisms for radio-sensitization by SAHA. Conclusion Our in vitro data suggest an increase of the therapeutic ratio by the combination of SAHA with HIT in infantile sarcoma cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Oertel
- Department of Radiooncology, University of Heidelberg, (INF 400), Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
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10
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Hino M, Hamada N, Tajika Y, Funayama T, Morimura Y, Sakashita T, Yokota Y, Fukamoto K, Mutou Y, Kobayashi Y, Yorifuji H. Heavy ion irradiation induces autophagy in irradiated C2C12 myoblasts and their bystander cells. JOURNAL OF ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 2010; 59:495-501. [PMID: 20685830 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfq059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is one of the major processes involved in the degradation of intracellular materials. Here, we examined the potential impact of heavy ion irradiation on the induction of autophagy in irradiated C2C12 mouse myoblasts and their non-targeted bystander cells. In irradiated cells, ultrastructural analysis revealed the accumulation of autophagic structures at various stages of autophagy (i.e. phagophores, autophagosomes and autolysosomes) within 20 min after irradiation. Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) and autolysosomes containing MVBs (amphisomes) were also observed. Heavy ion irradiation increased the staining of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 and LysoTracker Red (LTR). Such enhanced staining was suppressed by an autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine. In addition to irradiated cells, bystander cells were also positive with LTR staining. Altogether, these results suggest that heavy ion irradiation induces autophagy not only in irradiated myoblasts but also in their bystander cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Hino
- Department of Anatomy, Division of Bioregulatory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
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11
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Hamada N, Imaoka T, Masunaga SI, Ogata T, Okayasu R, Takahashi A, Kato TA, Kobayashi Y, Ohnishi T, Ono K, Shimada Y, Teshima T. Recent advances in the biology of heavy-ion cancer therapy. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2010; 51:365-383. [PMID: 20679739 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.09137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Superb biological effectiveness and dose conformity represent a rationale for heavy-ion therapy, which has thus far achieved good cancer controllability while sparing critical normal organs. Immediately after irradiation, heavy ions produce dense ionization along their trajectories, cause irreparable clustered DNA damage, and alter cellular ultrastructure. These ions, as a consequence, inactivate cells more effectively with less cell-cycle and oxygen dependence than conventional photons. The modes of heavy ion-induced cell death/inactivation include apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy, premature senescence, accelerated differentiation, delayed reproductive death of progeny cells, and bystander cell death. This paper briefly reviews the current knowledge of the biological aspects of heavy-ion therapy, with emphasis on the authors' recent findings. The topics include (i) repair mechanisms of heavy ion-induced DNA damage, (ii) superior effects of heavy ions on radioresistant tumor cells (intratumor quiescent cell population, TP53-mutated and BCL2-overexpressing tumors), (iii) novel capacity of heavy ions in suppressing cancer metastasis and neoangiogenesis, and (iv) potential of heavy ions to induce secondary (especially breast) cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Hamada
- Radiation Safety Research Center, Nuclear Technology Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Komae, Tokyo, Japan.
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12
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Roundness variation in JPEG images affects the automated process of nuclear immunohistochemical quantification: correction with a linear regression model. Histochem Cell Biol 2009; 132:469-77. [PMID: 19652993 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-009-0626-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The volume of digital image (DI) storage continues to be an important problem in computer-assisted pathology. DI compression enables the size of files to be reduced but with the disadvantage of loss of quality. Previous results indicated that the efficiency of computer-assisted quantification of immunohistochemically stained cell nuclei may be significantly reduced when compressed DIs are used. This study attempts to show, with respect to immunohistochemically stained nuclei, which morphometric parameters may be altered by the different levels of JPEG compression, and the implications of these alterations for automated nuclear counts, and further, develops a method for correcting this discrepancy in the nuclear count. For this purpose, 47 DIs from different tissues were captured in uncompressed TIFF format and converted to 1:3, 1:23 and 1:46 compression JPEG images. Sixty-five positive objects were selected from these images, and six morphological parameters were measured and compared for each object in TIFF images and those of the different compression levels using a set of previously developed and tested macros. Roundness proved to be the only morphological parameter that was significantly affected by image compression. Factors to correct the discrepancy in the roundness estimate were derived from linear regression models for each compression level, thereby eliminating the statistically significant differences between measurements in the equivalent images. These correction factors were incorporated in the automated macros, where they reduced the nuclear quantification differences arising from image compression. Our results demonstrate that it is possible to carry out unbiased automated immunohistochemical nuclear quantification in compressed DIs with a methodology that could be easily incorporated in different systems of digital image analysis.
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Hamada N. The Bystander Response to Heavy-Ion Radiation: Intercellular Signaling Between Irradiated and Non-Irradiated Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.2187/bss.23.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Hamada N. Recent insights into the biological action of heavy-ion radiation. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2009; 50:1-9. [PMID: 18838844 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.08070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Biological effectiveness varies with the linear energy transfer (LET) of ionizing radiation. During cancer therapy or long-term interplanetary manned explorations, humans are exposed to high-LET energetic heavy ions that inactivate cells more effectively than low-LET photons like X-rays and gamma-rays. Recent biological studies have illustrated that heavy ions overcome tumor radioresistance caused by Bcl-2 overexpression, p53 mutations and intratumor hypoxia, and possess antiangiogenic and antimetastatic potential. Compared with heavy ions alone, the combination with chemical agents (a Bcl-2 inhibitor HA14-1, an anticancer drug docetaxel, and a halogenated pyrimidine analogue 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine) or hyperthermia further enhances tumor cell killing. Beer, its certain constituents, or melatonin ameliorate heavy ion-induced damage to normal cells. In addition to effects in cells directly targeted with heavy ions, there is mounting evidence for nontargeted biological effects in cells that have not themselves been directly irradiated. The bystander effect of heavy ions manifests itself as the loss of clonogenic potential, a transient apoptotic response, delayed p53 phosphorylation, alterations in gene expression profiles, and the elevated frequency of gene mutations, micronuclei and chromosome aberrations, which arise in nonirradiated cells having received signals from irradiated cells. Proposed mediating mechanisms involve gap junctional intercellular communication, reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide. This paper reviews briefly the current knowledge of the biological effects of heavy-ion irradiation with a focus on recent findings regarding its potential benefits for therapeutic use as well as on the bystander effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Hamada
- Department of Quantum Biology, Division of Bioregulatory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan.
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