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Ghafouri-Fard S, Azimi T, Taheri M. A Comprehensive Review on the Role of Genetic Factors in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder. Front Immunol 2021; 12:737673. [PMID: 34675927 PMCID: PMC8524039 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.737673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) comprise a variety of disorders being described by optic neuritis and myelitis. This disorder is mostly observed in sporadic form, yet 3% of cases are familial NMO. Different series of familial NMO cases have been reported up to now, with some of them being associated with certain HLA haplotypes. Assessment of HLA allele and haplotypes has also revealed association between some alleles within HLA-DRB1 or other loci and sporadic NMO. More recently, genome-wide SNP arrays have shown some susceptibility loci for NMO. In the current manuscript, we review available information about the role of genetic factors in NMO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Azimi
- Men's Health and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakin Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Shen J, Yang B, Xie Z, Wu H, Zheng Z, Wang J, Wang P, Zhang P, Li W, Ye Z, Yu C. Cell-Type-Specific Gene Modules Related to the Regional Homogeneity of Spontaneous Brain Activity and Their Associations With Common Brain Disorders. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:639527. [PMID: 33958982 PMCID: PMC8093778 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.639527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mapping gene expression profiles to neuroimaging phenotypes in the same anatomical space provides opportunities to discover molecular substrates for human brain functional properties. Here, we aimed to identify cell-type-specific gene modules associated with the regional homogeneity (ReHo) of spontaneous brain activity and their associations with brain disorders. Fourteen gene modules were consistently associated with ReHo in the three datasets, five of which showed cell-type-specific expression (one neuron-endothelial module, one neuron module, one astrocyte module and two microglial modules) in two independent cell series of the human cerebral cortex. The neuron-endothelial module was mainly enriched for transporter complexes, the neuron module for the synaptic membrane, the astrocyte module for amino acid metabolism, and microglial modules for leukocyte activation and ribose phosphate biosynthesis. In enrichment analyses of cell-type-specific modules for 10 common brain disorders, only the microglial module was significantly enriched for genes obtained from genome-wide association studies of multiple sclerosis (MS) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The ReHo of spontaneous brain activity is associated with the gene expression profiles of neurons, astrocytes, microglia and endothelial cells. The microglia-related genes associated with MS and AD may provide possible molecular substrates for ReHo abnormality in both brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlin Shen
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bingbing Yang
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhonghua Xie
- Department of Mathematics, School of Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Heng Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhanye Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Wang
- School of Medical Imaging and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Radiology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Radiology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Ye
- Department of Radiology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunshui Yu
- Department of Radiology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Zarei S, Eggert J, Franqui-Dominguez L, Carl Y, Boria F, Stukova M, Avila A, Rubi C, Chinea A. Comprehensive review of neuromyelitis optica and clinical characteristics of neuromyelitis optica patients in Puerto Rico. Surg Neurol Int 2018; 9:242. [PMID: 30603227 PMCID: PMC6293609 DOI: 10.4103/sni.sni_224_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an immune-mediated inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system. It is characterized by concurrent inflammation and demyelination of the optic nerve (optic neuritis [ON]) and the spinal cord (myelitis). Multiple studies show variations in prevalence, clinical, and demographic features of NMO among different populations. In addition, ethnicity and race are known as important factors on disease phenotype and clinical outcomes. There are little data on information about NMO patients in underserved groups, including Puerto Rico (PR). In this research, we will provide a comprehensive overview of all aspects of NMO, including epidemiology, environmental risk factors, genetic factors, molecular mechanism, symptoms, comorbidities and clinical differentiation, diagnosis, treatment, its management, and prognosis. We will also evaluate the demographic features and clinical phenotype of NMO patients in PR. This will provide a better understanding of NMO and establish a basis of knowledge that can be used to improve care. Furthermore, this type of population-based study can distinguish the clinical features variation among NMO patients and will provide insight into the potential mechanisms that cause these variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Zarei
- San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Caguas, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - James Eggert
- San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Caguas, Puerto Rico, USA
| | | | - Yonatan Carl
- San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Caguas, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Fernando Boria
- San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Caguas, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Marina Stukova
- San Juan Bautista School of Medicine, Caguas, Puerto Rico, USA
| | | | - Cristina Rubi
- Caribbean Neurological Center, Guaynabo, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Angel Chinea
- Caribbean Neurological Center, Guaynabo, Puerto Rico, USA
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Oji S, Nicolussi EM, Kaufmann N, Zeka B, Schanda K, Fujihara K, Illes Z, Dahle C, Reindl M, Lassmann H, Bradl M. Experimental Neuromyelitis Optica Induces a Type I Interferon Signature in the Spinal Cord. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151244. [PMID: 26990978 PMCID: PMC4798752 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an acute inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) which predominantly affects spinal cord and optic nerves. Most patients harbor pathogenic autoantibodies, the so-called NMO-IgGs, which are directed against the water channel aquaporin 4 (AQP4) on astrocytes. When these antibodies gain access to the CNS, they mediate astrocyte destruction by complement-dependent and by antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. In contrast to multiple sclerosis (MS) patients who benefit from therapies involving type I interferons (I-IFN), NMO patients typically do not profit from such treatments. How is I-IFN involved in NMO pathogenesis? To address this question, we made gene expression profiles of spinal cords from Lewis rat models of experimental neuromyelitis optica (ENMO) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). We found an upregulation of I-IFN signature genes in EAE spinal cords, and a further upregulation of these genes in ENMO. To learn whether the local I-IFN signature is harmful or beneficial, we induced ENMO by transfer of CNS antigen-specific T cells and NMO-IgG, and treated the animals with I-IFN at the very onset of clinical symptoms, when the blood-brain barrier was open. With this treatment regimen, we could amplify possible effects of the I-IFN induced genes on the transmigration of infiltrating cells through the blood brain barrier, and on lesion formation and expansion, but could avoid effects of I-IFN on the differentiation of pathogenic T and B cells in the lymph nodes. We observed that I-IFN treated ENMO rats had spinal cord lesions with fewer T cells, macrophages/activated microglia and activated neutrophils, and less astrocyte damage than their vehicle treated counterparts, suggesting beneficial effects of I-IFN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Oji
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva-Maria Nicolussi
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nathalie Kaufmann
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bleranda Zeka
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kathrin Schanda
- Clinical Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kazuo Fujihara
- Departments of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics and Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Zsolt Illes
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Dahle
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Markus Reindl
- Clinical Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hans Lassmann
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Bradl
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
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Double Roles of Macrophages in Human Neuroimmune Diseases and Their Animal Models. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:8489251. [PMID: 27034594 PMCID: PMC4808549 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8489251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are important immune cells of the innate immune system that are involved in organ-specific homeostasis and contribute to both pathology and resolution of diseases including infections, cancer, obesity, atherosclerosis, and autoimmune disorders. Multiple lines of evidence point to macrophages as a remarkably heterogeneous cell type. Different phenotypes of macrophages exert either proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory roles depending on the cytokines and other mediators that they are exposed to in the local microenvironment. Proinflammatory macrophages secrete detrimental molecules to induce disease development, while anti-inflammatory macrophages produce beneficial mediators to promote disease recovery. The conversion of the phenotypes of macrophages can regulate the initiation, development, and recovery of autoimmune diseases. Human neuroimmune diseases majorly include multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica (NMO), myasthenia gravis (MG), and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and macrophages contribute to the pathogenesis of these neuroimmune diseases. In this review, we summarize the double roles of macrophage in neuroimmune diseases and their animal models to further explore the mechanisms of macrophages involved in the pathogenesis of these disorders, which may provide a potential therapeutic approach for these disorders in the future.
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Abstract
Demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis are chronic inflammatory autoimmune diseases with a heterogeneous clinical presentation and course. Both the adaptive and the innate immune systems have been suggested to contribute to their pathogenesis and recovery. In this review, we discuss the role of the innate immune system in mediating demyelinating diseases. In particular, we provide an overview of the anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory functions of dendritic cells, mast cells, natural killer (NK) cells, NK-T cells, γδ T cells, microglial cells, and astrocytes. We emphasize the interaction of astroctyes with the immune system and how this interaction relates to the demyelinating pathologies. Given the pivotal role of the innate immune system, it is possible that targeting these cells may provide an effective therapeutic approach for demyelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lior Mayo
- Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Replication analysis identifies TYK2 as a multiple sclerosis susceptibility factor. Eur J Hum Genet 2009; 17:1309-13. [PMID: 19293837 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2009.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In a recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) based on 12,374 non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms we identified a number of candidate multiple sclerosis susceptibility genes. Here, we describe the extended analysis of 17 of these loci undertaken using an additional 4234 patients, 2983 controls and 2053 trio families. In the final analysis combining all available data, we found that evidence for association was substantially increased for one of the 17 loci, rs34536443 from the tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) gene (P=2.7 x 10(-6), odds ratio=1.32 (1.17-1.47)). This single nucleotide polymorphism results in an amino acid substitution (proline to alanine) in the kinase domain of TYK2, which is predicted to influence the levels of phosphorylation and therefore activity of the protein and so is likely to have a functional role in multiple sclerosis.
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Vincent T, Saikali P, Cayrol R, Roth AD, Bar-Or A, Prat A, Antel JP. Functional Consequences of Neuromyelitis Optica-IgG Astrocyte Interactions on Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability and Granulocyte Recruitment. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 181:5730-7. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.8.5730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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