1
|
Tao D, Guan B, Li H, Zhou C. Expression patterns of claudins in cancer. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21338. [PMID: 37954388 PMCID: PMC10637965 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Claudins are four-transmembrane proteins, which were found in tight junctions. They maintain cell barriers and regulate cell differentiation and proliferation. They are involved in maintaining cellular polarity and normal functions. Different claudins show different expression patterns. The expression level and localization of claudins are altered in various cancers. They promote or inhibit proliferation, invasion, and migration of cancer cells through multiple signaling pathways. Therefore, claudins may serve as diagnostic markers, novel therapeutic targets, and prognostic risk factors. The important roles of claudins in cancer aroused our great interest. In the present review, we provide a summary of insights into expression patterns of claudins in cancer, which is more comprehensive and provides new ideas for further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daoyu Tao
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Bingxin Guan
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Chengjun Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Long F, Li S, Xu Y, Liu M, Zhang X, Zhou J, Chen Y, Rong Y, Meng X, Wang F. Dynamic gene screening enabled identification of a 10-gene panel for early detection and progression assessment of gastric cancer. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 21:677-687. [PMID: 36659923 PMCID: PMC9826902 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis and progression assessment are critical for the timely detection and treatment of gastric cancer (GC) patients. Identification of diagnostic biomarkers for early detection of GC represents an unmet clinical need, and how these markers further influence GC progression is explored rarely. We performed dynamic gene screening based on high-throughput data analysis from patients with precancerous lesions and early gastric cancer (EGC) and identified a 10-gene panel by the lasso regression model. This panel demonstrated good diagnostic performance in TCGA (AUC = 0.95, sensitivity = 86.67 %, specificity = 90.63 %) and GEO (AUC = 0.84, sensitivity = 91.67 %, specificity = 78.13 %) cohorts. Moreover, three GC subtypes were clustered based on this panel, in which cluster 2 (C2) demonstrated the highest tumor progression level with a high expression of 10 genes, showing a decreased tumor mutation burden, significantly enriched epithelial-mesenchymal transition hallmark and increased immune exclusion/exhausted features. Finally, the cell localization of these panel genes was explored in scRNA-seq data based on more than 40,000 cells. The 10-gene panel is expected to be a new clinical early detection signature for GC and may aid in progression assessment and personalized treatment of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Long
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Center for Single-Cell Omics and Tumor Liquid Biopsy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Center for Single-Cell Omics and Tumor Liquid Biopsy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaqi Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junting Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiyi Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Rong
- Center for Single-Cell Omics and Tumor Liquid Biopsy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Forensic Center of Justice, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan China,Corresponding authors at: Center for Single-Cell Omics and Tumor Liquid Biopsy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xiangyu Meng
- Center for Single-Cell Omics and Tumor Liquid Biopsy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China,Corresponding authors at: Center for Single-Cell Omics and Tumor Liquid Biopsy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Fubing Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Center for Single-Cell Omics and Tumor Liquid Biopsy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Wuhan Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China,Corresponding author at: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mechanism of N-Methyl-N-Nitroso-Urea-Induced Gastric Precancerous Lesions in Mice. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:3780854. [PMID: 35342404 PMCID: PMC8942688 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3780854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Early diagnosis and treatment of gastric precancerous lesions (GPL) are key factors for reducing the incidence and morbidity of gastric cancer. The study is aimed at examining GPL in mice induced by N-methyl-N-nitroso-urea (MNU) and to illustrate the underlying mechanisms of tumorigenesis. In this study, we utilized an in vivo MNU-induced GPL mouse model, and histopathological changes of the gastric mucosa were observed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E-stain) and alcian blue (AB-PAS-stain). The level of miR-194-5p in the gastric mucosa was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. We used transmission electron microscopy to observe the effects of MNU on gastric chief cells and parietal cells. We performed immunohistochemical detection of HIF-1α, vWF, Ki-67, and P53, while the changes in the protein expression of key genes in LKB1-AMPK and AKT-FoxO3 signaling pathways were detected by western blot analysis. We demonstrated that the miR-194-5p expression was upregulated under hypoxia in GPL gastric tissues, and that a high miR-194-5p expression level closely related with tumorigenesis. Mechanistically, miR-194-5p exerted the acceleration of activities related to metabolic reprogramming through LKB1-AMPK and AKT-FoxO3 pathways. Furthermore, similar to miR-194-5p, high expression levels of AMPK and AKT were also related to the metabolic reprogramming of GPL. Moreover, we revealed the correlation between the expression levels of miR-194-5p, p-AMPKα, p-AKT, and FoxO3a. These findings suggest that miR-194-5p/FoxO3 pathway is important for the reversal of metabolic reprogramming in GPL. Thus, exploring strategies to regulate the miR-194-5p/FoxO3a pathway may provide an efficient strategy for the prevention and treatment of GPL.
Collapse
|
4
|
Battista S, Ambrosio MR, Limarzi F, Gallo G, Saragoni L. Molecular Alterations in Gastric Preneoplastic Lesions and Early Gastric Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6652. [PMID: 34206291 PMCID: PMC8268370 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prognosis of gastric cancer is dramatically improved by early diagnosis. Correa's cascade correlates the expression of some molecular markers with the progression of preneoplastic lesions toward carcinoma. This article reviews the diagnostic and prognostic values of molecular markers in complete (MUC2) and incomplete (MUC2, MUC5AC, and MUC6) intestinal metaplasia, gastric dysplasia/intra-epithelial neoplasia, and early gastric cancer. In particular, considering preinvasive neoplasia and early gastric cancer, some studies have demonstrated a correlation between molecular alterations and prognosis, for example, mucins phenotype in gastric dysplasia, and GATA6, TP53 mutation/LOH and MUC6 in early gastric cancer. Moreover, this review considers novelties from the literature regarding the (immuno)histochemical characterization of diffuse-type/signet ring cell gastric cancer, with particular attention to clinical outcomes of patients. The aim of this review is the evaluation of the state of the art regarding suitable biomarkers used in the pre-surgical phase, which can distinguish patients with different prognoses and help decide the best therapeutic strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Battista
- Pathology Department, “S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital”, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Limarzi
- Pathology Department, “G.B. Morgagni-L. Pierantoni Hospital”, Emilia-Romagna, 47121 Forlì, Italy; (F.L.); (L.S.)
| | - Graziana Gallo
- Pathology Department, “M. Bufalini Hospital”, Emilia Romagna, 47521 Cesena, Italy;
| | - Luca Saragoni
- Pathology Department, “G.B. Morgagni-L. Pierantoni Hospital”, Emilia-Romagna, 47121 Forlì, Italy; (F.L.); (L.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chai D, Du H, Li K, Zhang X, Li X, Zhao X, Lian X, Xu Y. CDX2 and Reg IV expression and correlation in gastric cancer. BMC Gastroenterol 2021; 21:92. [PMID: 33639844 PMCID: PMC7913228 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-021-01678-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ectopic expression of CDX2 is associated with the development and progression of gastric cancer. Previous studies showed that CDX2 may be an upstream regulator of Reg IV expression in gastric cancer, and our previous report showed that Reg IV upregulated SOX9 expression and enhanced cell migration and invasion in gastric cancer cells. However, the regulatory roles of CDX2 have not been clarified in gastric cancer, and the correlation between CDX2 and Reg IV requires further study. Methods CDX2 and Reg IV were examined in gastric cancer specimens and paired adjacent tissues via real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The association between CDX2 and Reg IV was assessed using the χ2-test and Spearman’s rank correlation. To verify their relationship, knockdown and exogenous expression of CDX2 or Reg IV were performed in AGS and MKN-45 gastric cancer cells, and their expression was subsequently analyzed via a real-time PCR and western blotting. Wound-healing and Transwell assays were used to examine migration and invasion in AGS and MKN-45 cells following CDX2 silencing or overexpression. Results A positive correlation was observed between CDX2 and Reg IV expression at the mRNA and protein levels in gastric cancer tissues. CDX2 silencing significantly downregulated Reg IV expression, and CDX2 overexpression significantly upregulated Reg IV expression in AGS and MKN-45 cells. Neither Reg IV silencing nor overexpression had any effect on CDX2 protein expression in AGS or MKN-45 cells, even though both affected the expression of CDX2 mRNA. Functionally, CDX2 silencing significantly inhibited cell migration and invasion, and CDX2 overexpression significantly promoted cell migration and invasion in AGS and MKN-45 cells. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that CDX2 expression was positively correlated with that of Reg IV in gastric cancer, and CDX2 promoted cell migration and invasion through upregulation of Reg IV expression in AGS and MKN-45 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Chai
- Department of Medicine Biotechnology, Gansu Provincial Academic Institute for Medical Research, Xiaoxihu East Street No. 2, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, China
| | - Huifen Du
- Department of Medicine Biotechnology, Gansu Provincial Academic Institute for Medical Research, Xiaoxihu East Street No. 2, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, China
| | - Kesheng Li
- Department of Medicine Biotechnology, Gansu Provincial Academic Institute for Medical Research, Xiaoxihu East Street No. 2, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, China.
| | - Xueliang Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaoqin Li
- Department of Pathology, Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaoning Zhao
- Department of Surgery, Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaowen Lian
- Department of Medicine Biotechnology, Gansu Provincial Academic Institute for Medical Research, Xiaoxihu East Street No. 2, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Medicine Biotechnology, Gansu Provincial Academic Institute for Medical Research, Xiaoxihu East Street No. 2, Lanzhou, 730050, Gansu, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jana S, Madhu Krishna B, Singhal J, Horne D, Awasthi S, Salgia R, Singhal SS. SOX9: The master regulator of cell fate in breast cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 174:113789. [PMID: 31911091 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
SRY-related high-mobility group box 9 (SOX9) is an indispensable transcription factor that regulates multiple developmental pathways related to stemness, differentiation, and progenitor development. Previous studies have demonstrated that the SOX9 protein directs pathways involved in tumor initiation, proliferation, migration, chemoresistance, and stem cell maintenance, thereby regulating tumorigenesis as an oncogene. SOX9 overexpression is a frequent event in breast cancer (BC) subtypes. Of note, the molecular mechanisms and functional regulation underlying SOX9 upregulation during BC progression are still being uncovered. The focus of this review is to appraise recent advances regarding the involvement of SOX9 in BC pathogenesis. First, we provide a general overview of SOX9 structure and function, as well as its involvement in various kinds of cancer. Next, we discuss pathways of SOX9 regulation, particularly its miRNA-mediated regulation, in BC. Finally, we describe the involvement of SOX9 in BC pathogenesis via its regulation of pathways involved in regulating cancer hallmarks, as well as its clinical and therapeutic importance. In general, this review article aims to serve as an ample source of knowledge on the involvement of SOX9 in BC progression. Targeting SOX9 activity may improve therapeutic strategies to treat BC, but precisely inhibiting SOX9 using drugs and/or small peptides remains a huge challenge for forthcoming cancer research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samir Jana
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - B Madhu Krishna
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jyotsana Singhal
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - David Horne
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Sanjay Awasthi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
| | - Ravi Salgia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Sharad S Singhal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Comprehensive Cancer Center and National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Aguilar-Medina M, Avendaño-Félix M, Lizárraga-Verdugo E, Bermúdez M, Romero-Quintana JG, Ramos-Payan R, Ruíz-García E, López-Camarillo C. SOX9 Stem-Cell Factor: Clinical and Functional Relevance in Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:6754040. [PMID: 31057614 PMCID: PMC6463569 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6754040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional and epigenetic embryonic programs can be reactivated in cancer cells. As result, a specific subset of undifferentiated cells with stem-cells properties emerges and drives tumorigenesis. Recent findings have shown that ectoderm- and endoderm-derived tissues continue expressing stem-cells related transcription factors of the SOX-family of proteins such as SOX2 and SOX9 which have been implicated in the presence of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) in tumors. Currently, there is enough evidence suggesting an oncogenic role for SOX9 in different types of human cancers. This review provides a summary of the current knowledge about the involvement of SOX9 in development and progression of cancer. Understanding the functional roles of SOX9 and clinical relevance is crucial for developing novel treatments targeting CSCs in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maribel Aguilar-Medina
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Mariana Avendaño-Félix
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Erik Lizárraga-Verdugo
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Mercedes Bermúdez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | | | - Rosalío Ramos-Payan
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Erika Ruíz-García
- Laboratorio de Medicina Traslacional y Departamento de Tumores Gastro-Intestinales, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología. CDMX, Mexico
| | - César López-Camarillo
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, CDMX, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shen M, Zhong XW. Clinical significance of expression of SERPINE1 gene in gastric cancer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2018; 26:1818-1824. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v26.i31.1818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To detect the expression of the SERPINE1 gene and analyze its clinical significance in gastric cancer (GC).
METHODS The patients with GC were selected from the TCGA database. K-M survival curve, COX proportional hazards model, χ2 test and logistic regression were used to analyze the patients' data.
RESULTS COX proportional risk model analysis showed that SERPINE1 expression, age, T stage, N stage, M stage, and TNM stage were prognostic factors for overall survival. Among them, SERPINE1 expression, age and M stage were independent risk factors affecting tumor prognosis. Chi-square test and logistic regression were used to analyze the risk factors affecting the expression of the SERPINE1 gene. The results showed that the age, sex, tumor differentiation and tumor stage in GC patients did not affect the expression of the SERPINE1 gene, while the expression in the gastric antrum was lower than that in other sites. SERPINE1 expression was significantly higher in GC tissues than in adjacent normal tissues.
CONCLUSION The expression of the SERPINE1 gene in GC increases, which is associated with a poor prognosis of GC. SERPINE1 may become a target for GC screening and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Shen
- Department of Pathology, Deqing County People's Hospital, Huzhou 313200, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xing-Wei Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Deqing County People's Hospital, Huzhou 313200, Zhejiang Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li SL, Chen X, Wu T, Zhang XW, Li H, Zhang Y, Ji ZZ. Knockdown of TMPRSS3 inhibits gastric cancer cell proliferation, invasion and EMT via regulation of the ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:841-848. [PMID: 30142546 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The transmembrane protease, serine 3 (TMPRSS3), a member of the type II transmembrane serine protease family, plays an important role in mediating tissue development, homeostasis and various biological processes. Recently, TMPRSS3 has been reported to be involved in cancer progression. However, the role of TMPRSS3 in gastric cancer (GC) remains largely unknown. In this study, we found that TMPRSS3 was highly expressed in GC tissues and cell lines. Knockdown of TMPRSS3 inhibited GC cell proliferation, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in vitro as well as suppressed GC cell growth and dissemination in vivo. These inhibitory effects were mediated by regulation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Moreover, TMPRSS3-mediated ERK1/2 activation was dependent on the PI3K/Akt pathway. In conclusion, TMPRSS3 contributed to GC progression via activation of the PI3K/Akt/ERK signaling pathway and might act as a therapeutic target for GC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Le Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China.
| | - Xin-Wu Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Zong-Zheng Ji
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang N, Chai D, Du H, Li K, Xie W, Li X, Yang R, Lian X, Xu Y. Expression of Reg IV and SOX9 and their correlation in human gastric cancer. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:344. [PMID: 29587675 PMCID: PMC5870489 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4285-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Reg IV is a member of the regenerating gene family and has been demonstrated to be overexpressed in gastric cancer. However, the functional mechanism of Reg IV in gastric cancer is still unclear. Methods Expression of Reg IV and SOX9 were investigated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and real-time PCR, and the correlation between the expression of Reg IV and SOX9 was analyzed in gastric cancer tissues. Reg IV expression vectors and a siRNA of Reg IV and SOX9 were transfected into human gastric cancer cells and the protein and mRNA levels of Reg IV and SOX9 were investigated by western blot and real-time PCR. The invasion and migration ability of gastric cancer cells with overexpressed Reg IV and with gene silence of Reg IV and SOX9 were examined by transwell chambers and wound healing assay. Results The Reg IV and SOX9 protein expression levels were both significantly higher in gastric cancer tissues compared with adjacent tissues (p = 0.022, p = 0.003). Reg IV protein expression significantly correlated with tumor invasion depth (p < 0.001), but had no significant correlations with age, clinical stage or lymph node metastasis. SOX9 protein expression also had no significant correlations with age, clinical stage, tumor invasion depth or lymph node metastasis. Reg IV transcript expression demonstrated a significant correlation with invasion depth and lymph node metastasis (p = 0.005, p < 0.001) and no significant correlations with age, clinical stage, tumor tissue differentiation or tumor size. SOX9 transcript expression demonstrated a significant correlation with invasion depth and tumor tissue differentiation (p = 0.044, p = 0.007) and no significant correlations with age, clinical stage or tumor size. The Reg IV expression showed a positive correlation with the SOX9 expression (p < 0.000, p = 0.008). Overexpression of Reg IV could upregulate SOX9 expression and promote invasiveness and migration of tumor cells, and silencing of Reg IV could downregulate SOX9 and inhibit invasiveness and migration of tumor cells in MKN-45 and AGS cells. On the other hand, silencing of SOX9 could upregulate Reg IV protein expression. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that Reg IV positively regulates the expression of SOX9 and is involved in tumor cell invasion and migration in gastric cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4285-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhang
- Department of Medicine Biotechnology, Medicine and Science Research Institute of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China.,College of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dandan Chai
- Department of Medicine Biotechnology, Medicine and Science Research Institute of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huifen Du
- Department of Medicine Biotechnology, Medicine and Science Research Institute of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kesheng Li
- Department of Medicine Biotechnology, Medicine and Science Research Institute of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China. .,College of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Wenguang Xie
- College of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xingwen Li
- Department of Surgery, Tumor Hospital of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rong Yang
- Department of pathology, Tumor Hospital of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Lian
- Department of Medicine Biotechnology, Medicine and Science Research Institute of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Medicine Biotechnology, Medicine and Science Research Institute of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mukai S, Oue N, Oshima T, Imai T, Sekino Y, Honma R, Sakamoto N, Sentani K, Kuniyasu H, Egi H, Tanabe K, Yoshida K, Ohdan H, Yasui W. Overexpression of PCDHB9
promotes peritoneal metastasis and correlates with poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer. J Pathol 2017; 243:100-110. [DOI: 10.1002/path.4931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shoichiro Mukai
- Department of Molecular Pathology; Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Hiroshima Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences; Hiroshima University; Hiroshima Japan
| | - Naohide Oue
- Department of Molecular Pathology; Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Hiroshima Japan
| | - Takashi Oshima
- Department of Surgery; Yokohama City University; Yokohama Japan
| | - Takeharu Imai
- Department of Molecular Pathology; Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Hiroshima Japan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine; Gifu University; Gifu Japan
| | - Yohei Sekino
- Department of Molecular Pathology; Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Hiroshima Japan
| | - Ririno Honma
- Department of Molecular Pathology; Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Hiroshima Japan
| | - Naoya Sakamoto
- Department of Molecular Pathology; Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Hiroshima Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sentani
- Department of Molecular Pathology; Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Hiroshima Japan
| | - Hiroki Kuniyasu
- Department of Molecular Pathology; Nara Medical University; Nara Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Egi
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences; Hiroshima University; Hiroshima Japan
| | - Kazuaki Tanabe
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences; Hiroshima University; Hiroshima Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yoshida
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine; Gifu University; Gifu Japan
| | - Hideki Ohdan
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences; Hiroshima University; Hiroshima Japan
| | - Wataru Yasui
- Department of Molecular Pathology; Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; Hiroshima Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zeng C, Feng X, Wang W, Lv L, Fang C, Chi L, Huang L, Zhou Z. Decreased expression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 6 is associated with gastric adenocarcinoma prognosis. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:4161-4168. [PMID: 28588703 PMCID: PMC5452904 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the expression and prognostic significance of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 6 (IGFBP-6) in gastric adenocarcinoma. The expression of IGFBP-6 was examined in 263 specimens from gastric adenocarcinoma patients using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), western blotting and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. The association between IGFBP-6 expression, clinicopathological factors and clinical outcomes was investigated. Akaike information criterion (AIC) and Harrell's concordance index (c-index) were used to evaluate the accuracy of the predictive prognosis. RT-qPCR and western blotting results showed that IGFBP-6 mRNA expression was lower in the tumors compared with that in adjacent non-tumor tissues. IGFBP-6 showed significantly decreased expression in 170 out of 263 patients based on IHC data and this was associated with a larger tumor size (P<0.001) and poorly-differentiated adenocarcinoma (P=0.001), as well as with palliative gastrectomy (P=0.015). Additionally, decreased expression of IGFBP-6 was associated with stage T3/4a/4b disease and lymph node-positive metastasis (P<0.001). The association between decreased expression and a poor prognosis was revealed by Kaplan-Meier curves. Cox regression model identified IGFBP-6 as an independent prognostic factor. The prognostic value of the model with IGFBP-6 expression (AIC, 924.881; c-index, 0.878) was superior to that without IGFBP-6 expression (AIC, 947.164; c-index, 0.825). In conclusion, IGFBP-6 involves the development and progression of gastric adenocarcinoma, and its decreased expression predicts poor clinical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changqing Zeng
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Xingyu Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Lin Lv
- Department of Oncology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Fang
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Liangjie Chi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Liangxiang Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Provincial Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Zhiwei Zhou
- Department of Gastric Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li R, Yang HQ, Xi HL, Feng S, Qin RH. Inhibition of CDH17 gene expression via RNA interference reduces proliferation and apoptosis of human MKN28 gastric cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2016; 50:15-22. [PMID: 27909714 PMCID: PMC5182006 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the fourth most common type of cancer and the second cause of cancer-related mortalities worldwide despite the use of multimodal therapy. Cadherins are transmembrane glycoproteins that are involved in tumorigenesis. CDH17 has been found to be over-expressed in gastric cancer and its overexpression was associated with lymph node metastasis and tumor-node-metastasis stage of the patients, yet the exact role and molecular mechanism of CDH17 in gastric cancer have not been determined. Using a lentiviral system as a delivery mediator of RNA interference, we found that inhibition of CDH17 can lead to reduce proliferation and increase apoptosis of gastric cancer cell line MKN28 in vitro and significantly diminish their tumorigenicity in vivo. Our results of the present study suggest that CDH17 may be a promising candidate for the therapeutic targeting of gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Department of Central Laboratory, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Qiang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Lin Xi
- Department of General Surgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Su Feng
- Department of General Surgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| | - Rui-Hao Qin
- Department of General Surgery, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Southeast University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sousa JF, Nam KT, Petersen CP, Lee HJ, Yang HK, Kim WH, Goldenring JR. miR-30-HNF4γ and miR-194-NR2F2 regulatory networks contribute to the upregulation of metaplasia markers in the stomach. Gut 2016; 65:914-24. [PMID: 25800782 PMCID: PMC4922252 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intestinal metaplasia and spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM) are considered neoplastic precursors of gastric adenocarcinoma and are both marked by gene expression alterations in comparison to normal stomach. Since miRNAs are important regulators of gene expression, we sought to investigate the role of miRNAs on the development of stomach metaplasias. DESIGN We performed miRNA profiling using a quantitative reverse transcription-PCR approach on laser capture microdissected human intestinal metaplasia and SPEM. Data integration of the miRNA profile with a previous mRNA profile from the same samples was performed to detect potential miRNA-mRNA regulatory circuits. Transfection of gastric cancer cell lines with selected miRNA mimics and inhibitors was used to evaluate their effects on the expression of putative targets and additional metaplasia markers. RESULTS We identified several genes as potential targets of miRNAs altered during metaplasia progression. We showed evidence that HNF4γ (upregulated in intestinal metaplasia) is targeted by miR-30 and that miR-194 targets a known co-regulator of HNF4 activity, NR2F2 (downregulated in intestinal metaplasia). Intestinal metaplasia markers such as VIL1, TFF2 and TFF3 were downregulated after overexpression of miR-30a in a HNF4γ-dependent manner. In addition, overexpression of HNF4γ was sufficient to induce the expression of VIL1 and this effect was potentiated by downregulation of NR2F2. CONCLUSIONS The interplay of the two transcription factors HNF4γ and NR2F2 and their coordinate regulation by miR-30 and miR-194, respectively, represent a miRNA to transcription factor network responsible for the expression of intestinal transcripts in stomach cell lineages during the development of intestinal metaplasia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josane F. Sousa
- Nashville VA Medical Center and the Epithelial Biology Center and Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 120-752
| | - Ki Taek Nam
- Nashville VA Medical Center and the Epithelial Biology Center and Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 120-752,Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 120-752,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 120-752
| | - Christine P. Petersen
- Nashville VA Medical Center and the Epithelial Biology Center and Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 120-752
| | - Hyuk-Joon Lee
- Departments of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han-Kwang Yang
- Departments of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Ho Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - James R. Goldenring
- Nashville VA Medical Center and the Epithelial Biology Center and Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 120-752
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yang XB, Zhao JJ, Huang CY, Wang QJ, Pan K, Wang DD, Pan QZ, Jiang SS, Lv L, Gao X, Chen HW, Yao JY, Zhi M, Xia JC. Decreased expression of the FOXO3a gene is associated with poor prognosis in primary gastric adenocarcinoma patients. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78158. [PMID: 24194912 PMCID: PMC3806843 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background FOXO3a, a member of the forkhead class ‘O’ (FOXO) transcription factor family, controls a wide spectrum of biological processes, such as DNA damage repair, apoptosis, and cell cycle regulation. FOXO3a has been shown to be a tumor suppressor in various cancers. This study investigated the expression of FOXO3a in primary gastric adenocarcinomas and its prognostic value for primary gastric adenocarcinoma patients. Methods Real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), western blotting, and immunohistochemical staining were used to detect FOXO3a expression in primary gastric cancerous surgical specimens and adjacent non-tumorous tissues. Results Our data showed that the expression of FOXO3a mRNA (p = 0.03) and protein (p = 0.019) was lower in cancerous tissues compared with their adjacent non-tumorous tissues. In addition, the chi-square test revealed that low FOXO3a expression was significantly correlated with larger tumor size (p = 0.007), poor histopathological classification (p = 0.029), depth of invasion (p = 0.049), local lymph node metastasis (p = 0.013), distant metastasis (p = 0.013) and AJCC staging (p<0.001). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated that low expression of FOXO3a was significantly correlated with a poor prognosis for gastric cancer patients (p<0.001). The multivariate analysis showed that FOXO3a expression was an independent prognostic factor of the overall survival rate of patients with primary gastric adenocarcinoma. Conclusion Our study suggested that decreased FOXO3a expression may play an important role in the progression of gastric cancer. FOXO3a could be a valuable prognostic marker as well as a potential molecular therapy target for gastric cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China and Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jing-jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China and Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Department of Biotherapy Center, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chun-yu Huang
- Department of Endoscopy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qi-jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China and Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Department of Biotherapy Center, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ke Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China and Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Dan-dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China and Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qiu-zhong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China and Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shan-shan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China and Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Lin Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China and Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Huang-wei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jia-yin Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhi
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (MZ); (JCY)
| | - Jian-chuan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China and Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Department of Biotherapy Center, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (MZ); (JCY)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lei H, Zou D, Li Z, Luo M, Dong L, Wang B, Yin H, Ma Y, Liu C, Wang F, Zhang J, Yu J, Li Y. MicroRNA-219-2-3p functions as a tumor suppressor in gastric cancer and is regulated by DNA methylation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60369. [PMID: 23637748 PMCID: PMC3634036 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Gastric cancer is the most frequent gastrointestinal tumor in adults and is the most lethal form of human cancer. Despite of the improvements in treatments, the underlying mechanism of gastric carcinogenesis is not well known. To define novel modulators that regulate susceptibility to tumorgenesis, we focused on miR-219-2-3p. Methods Quantitative RT-PCR was employed to investigate the level of miR-219-2-3p in gastric cancer (GC) tissues (n = 113) and their matched adjacent normal tissues (n = 113). In vitro cell proliferation, apoptosis assays, cell migration, and invasion assays were performed to elucidate biological effects of miR-219-2-3p. Since silencing of miRNA by promoter CpG island methylation may be an important mechanism in tumorgenesis, GC cells were treated with 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine and trichostatin A, and expression changes of miR-219-2-3p were subsequently examined by quantitative RT-PCR. Finally, the methylation status of CpG island upstream of miR-219-2-3p was analyzed by methylation-specific PCR in GC tissues (n = 22). Results miR-219-2-3p was down-regulated in GC and cell lines. In addition, the experiments documented the lower expression of miR-219-2-3p in GC specimens with higher grade and later stage tumors. Meanwhile, miR-219-2-3p exerted antiproliferative, proapoptotic, and antimetastatic roles and reduced levels of p-ERK1/2 in GC cells. Furthermore, 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine and trichostatin A increased the expression (∼2 fold) of miR-219-2-3p in GC cells. By methylation-specific PCR, DNA methylation in the upstream region of miR-219-2-3p was detected in both adjacent normal tissues and cancer tissues. As expected, the methylation level was considerably higher in the miR-219-2-3p down-regulated group than up-regulated group. Conclusions miR-219-2-3p is potentially involved in gastric cancer progression and metastasis by regulating ERK1/2-related signal pathways, which may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of gastric cancer. Methylation mechanism may be involved in modulating the expression level of miR-219-2-3p in gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huizi Lei
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongling Zou
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Luo
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Dong
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Haixin Yin
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanni Ma
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Changzheng Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Junwu Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Yu
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (YL); (JY)
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (YL); (JY)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sentani K, Sakamoto N, Shimamoto F, Anami K, Oue N, Yasui W. Expression of olfactomedin 4 and claudin-18 in serrated neoplasia of the colorectum: a characteristic pattern is associated with sessile serrated lesion. Histopathology 2013; 62:1018-27. [PMID: 23570326 DOI: 10.1111/his.12099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Olfactomedin 4 is a useful marker for stem cells in the intestine and is an independent prognostic molecule for survival in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Claudin-18, a component of tight junctions, correlates with poor survival in patients with CRC and is associated with the gastric phenotype. We investigated the possible usefulness of these molecules in serrated neoplasia of the colorectum. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed immunohistochemical analysis of colorectal polyps, including hyperplastic polyps (HP), sessile serrated lesions (SSL), traditional serrated adenomas (TSA) and conventional adenomas (CA). We also investigated the association between expression of these molecules and clinicopathological parameters in serrated adenocarcinoma (SAC) and non-SAC of the colorectum. Olfactomedin 4 expression was not detected or was decreased in SSL compared with the other polyp types. Claudin-18 expression was higher in SSL than in the other types. Similarly, positivity for olfactomedin 4 in SAC was significantly lower than that in non-SAC, and positivity for claudin-18 in SAC was significantly higher than that in non-SAC. Furthermore, claudin-18-positive SAC showed more advanced N grade and stage than claudin-18-negative SAC. CONCLUSIONS Reduced expression of olfactomedin 4 and ectopic expression of claudin-18 might be useful markers in the differential diagnosis of serrated polyps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Sentani
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Up-regulation of cadherin 17 and down-regulation of homeodomain protein CDX2 correlate with tumor progression and unfavorable prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2013; 22:1170-6. [PMID: 22810971 DOI: 10.1097/igc.0b013e318261d89c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cadherin 17 (CDH17), belonging to the 7D-cadherin superfamily, represents a novel oncogene, which is involved in tumor invasion and metastasis. Its expression has been demonstrated to be regulated by caudal-related homeobox transcription factor CDX2. The roles of 2 biomarkers have been conflictingly explained. Therefore, the aims of this study were to investigate the expression patterns of CDH17 and CDX2 in human epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and to evaluate the clinical significance of these 2 markers in the progression and prognosis of EOC. METHODS CDH17 and CDX2 expressions in 182 paraffin-embedded EOC specimens were detected by immunohistochemical staining. Associations of their expression with clinical pathological factors and overall survival were statistically evaluated. RESULTS Compared with normal surface ovarian epithelium tissues, CDH17 expression was upregulated and CDX2 expression was downregulated in EOC tissues. There was a negative correlation between CDH17 and CDX2 expression in EOC tissues (r = -0.76, P = 0.001). Tumors with high CDH17 expression were more likely to have advanced stage (P = 0.01) and higher grade (P = 0.03). Patients with low CDX2 expression were more frequently to be at the advanced stage of disease (P = 0.01). In addition, univariate analysis indicated that the patients with high CDH17 expression correlated with poor prognosis in patients with EOC (P = 0.001), as opposed to CDX2 (P = 0.003). Especially, the survival rate of patients with EOC with CDH17-high/CDX2-low expression was the lowest (P < 0.001). Multivariate statistical analysis showed that the conjoined expression of CDH17/CDX2 was an independent prognostic indicator of EOC (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that both the up-regulation of CDH17 and the down-regulation of CDX2 may be associated with the advanced stage of EOC. A conjoined detection of CDH17/CDX2 expression may be associated with unfavorable prognosis in patients with this disease.
Collapse
|
19
|
Ying LS, Yu JL, Lu XX, Ling ZQ. Enhanced RegIV expression predicts the intrinsic 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) resistance in advanced gastric cancer. Dig Dis Sci 2013; 58:414-22. [PMID: 23010741 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-012-2381-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
AIM RegIV, a member of the Regenerating (REG) gene family, may be a marker for the prediction of resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy. However, the relationship between the intrinsic drug resistance of gastric cancer (GC) cells to 5-FU used alone (single FU) or in multidrug therapeutic regimens (5-FU combinations) and RegIV expression has not been investigated. METHODS The patient cohort comprised 45 patients with primary GC. The chemoresistance of GC cells to therapeutic regimens consisting of single 5-FU or FU combinations was investigated using the ATP-tumor chemosensitivity assay. The level of RegIV mRNA transcripts was determined by real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR. RegIV expression was evaluated as a novel predictive biomarker for the intrinsic drug resistance of primary GC cells to single 5-FU or 5-FU combinations. RESULTS Upregulation of RegIV mRNA transcripts was observed in 36 of the 45 tumor specimens and was positively correlated with the invasive depth of the tumor cells (p = 0.000), the clinical stages (p = 0.000) and the in vitro intrinsic drug resistance of primary GC cells to 5-FU (p = 0.000) or 5-FU combinations. CONCLUSION RegIV mRNA transcript level was strongly associated with the intrinsic resistance of GC cells to single 5-FU or 5-FU combinations, suggesting that RegIV may play an important role in the intrinsic resistance of GC cells to 5-FU and that targeted therapy against the RegIV gene could be applied to overcome 5-FU resistance in the treatment of GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Sha Ying
- Zhejiang Cancer Research Institute, Zhejiang Province Cancer Hospital, Zhejiang Cancer Center, No.38 Guangji Rd., Banshanqiao District, Hangzhou, 310022, People's Republic of China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang J, Kang WM, Yu JC, Liu YQ, Meng QB, Cao ZJ. Cadherin-17 induces tumorigenesis and lymphatic metastasis in gastric cancer through activation of NFκB signaling pathway. Cancer Biol Ther 2013; 14:262-70. [PMID: 23298905 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.23299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadherin-17 (CDH17), as a structurally unique member of the cadherin superfamily, has been identified to predict a poor prognosis for gastric cancer (GC). Our previous study demonstrated the positive correlation between CDH17 and lymph node micrometastasis in GC. We sought to further identify the role of CDH17 in the tumorigenesis and lymphatic metastasis of GC. Hence, we inhibited the CDH17 expression in MKN-45 gastric cancer cells by using RNA interference. Consequently, the malignant potency of cancer cells was evaluated, and the change in NFκB signaling pathway was also probed. Tumor growth and lymphatic metastasis model were conducted in nude mice to confirm the hypothesis. Downregulation of CDH17 not only suppressed the proliferation, adherence and invasion potency of MKN-45 cells, but also induced cell cycle arrest. Meanwhile, the NFκB signaling pathway was inactivated as well, with the reductions of downstream proteins including VEGF-C and MMP-9. Moreover, silencing CDH17 inhibited tumor growth in vivo significantly, and there was no lymph node metastasis detected in the mice without CDH17 expression, as opposed to the positive nodes found in controls. CDH17 is a novel oncogene in gastric cancer cells, which is associated with lymphatic metastasis and proliferation strongly. The inactivation of NFκB signaling pathway might be involved in targeting CDH17 in GC. On the whole, CDH17 is proposed to serve as a biomarker and attractive therapeutic target in GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chen RY, Cao JJ, Chen J, Yang JP, Liu XB, Zhao GQ, Zhang YF. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the CDH17 gene of colorectal carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:7251-7261. [PMID: 23326130 PMCID: PMC3544027 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i48.7251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the relationship between c.343A>G and c.2216A>C polymorphism sites in the CDH17 gene and colorectal carcinoma.
METHODS: Ninety-three non-consanguineous colorectal carcinoma patients admitted to the Department of Oncology at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were included in this study. Ninety-three peripheral venous blood samples, of approximately one milliliter from each patient, were collected between December 2009 and August 2010. The genomic DNA of these peripheral venous blood samples were extracted and purified using a Fermentas Genomic DNA Purification Kit (Fermentas, CA) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the liver-intestine cadherin (CDH17) gene c.343A>G and c.2216A>C were determined by the polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism method (PCR-SSCP) in 93 peripheral venous blood samples from patients suffering with colorectal carcinoma. Typical samples that showed different migration bands in SSCP were confirmed by sequencing. Directed DNA sequencing was used to check the correctness of the genotype results from the PCR-SSCP method.
RESULTS: There was a significant association between the c.2216 A>C SNPs of the CDH17 gene and the tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) grade, as well as with lymph node status, in 93 peripheral venous blood samples from colorectal carcinoma patients. The genotype frequencies of A/C, A/A, and C/C were 12.90%, 33.33% and 53.76%, respectively. There was a significant correlation between lymph node metastasis, TNM grade, and the genotype distribution (P < 0.05). The C/C genotype raised the risk of lymph node metastasis and the TNM grade. There was a significant difference in the TNM grade and lymph node metastasis between the A/A and C/C genotypes (P = 0.003 and P = 0.013, respectively). Patients with colorectal carcinoma carrying the C allele tended to have a higher risk of lymph node metastasis and have a higher TNM grade. The difference between the TNM grades, as well as the lymph node metastasis of the two alleles, was statistically significant (P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION: The SNPs of the CDH17 gene c.2216 A>C might be clinically important in the prognosis of colorectal carcinoma.
Collapse
|
22
|
GUO XF, CHEN P, LI XY, LI XL, LI GY. The Structure and Function of SPLUNC1:Novel Class of Innate Immune Protective Molecules*. PROG BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2012. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1206.2011.00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
23
|
Sousa JF, Ham AJL, Whitwell C, Nam KT, Lee HJ, Yang HK, Kim WH, Zhang B, Li M, LaFleur B, Liebler DC, Goldenring JR. Proteomic profiling of paraffin-embedded samples identifies metaplasia-specific and early-stage gastric cancer biomarkers. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012; 181:1560-72. [PMID: 22944598 PMCID: PMC3483808 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Revised: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Early diagnosis and curative resection are the predominant factors associated with increased survival in patients with gastric cancer. However, most gastric cancer cases are still diagnosed at later stages. Since most pathologic specimens are archived as FFPE samples, the ability to use them to generate expression profiles can greatly improve cancer biomarker discovery. We sought to uncover new biomarkers for stomach preneoplastic metaplasias and neoplastic lesions by generating proteome profiles using FFPE samples. We combined peptide isoelectric focusing and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis to generate proteomic profiles from FFPE samples of intestinal-type gastric cancer, metaplasia, and normal mucosa. The expression patterns of selected proteins were analyzed by immunostaining first in single tissue sections from normal stomach, metaplasia, and gastric cancer and later in larger tissue array cohorts. We detected 60 proteins up-regulated and 87 proteins down-regulated during the progression from normal mucosa to metaplasia to gastric cancer. Two of the up-regulated proteins, LTF and DMBT1, were validated as specific markers for spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia and intestinal metaplasia, respectively. In cancers, significantly lower levels of DMBT1 or LTF correlated with more advanced disease and worse prognosis. Thus, proteomic profiling using FFPE samples has led to the identification of two novel markers for stomach metaplasias and gastric cancer prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josane F. Sousa
- Nashville Veterans Affairs Medical Center and the Epithelial Biology Center and the Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Amy-Joan L. Ham
- Department of Biochemistry, Jim Ayers Institute for Precancer Detection and Diagnosis, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Social, and Administrative Sciences, Belmont University College of Pharmacy, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Corbin Whitwell
- Department of Biochemistry, Jim Ayers Institute for Precancer Detection and Diagnosis, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Ki Taek Nam
- Nashville Veterans Affairs Medical Center and the Epithelial Biology Center and the Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Hyuk-Joon Lee
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Han-Kwang Yang
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woo Ho Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Ming Li
- Division of Cancer Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Bonnie LaFleur
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Daniel C. Liebler
- Department of Biochemistry, Jim Ayers Institute for Precancer Detection and Diagnosis, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - James R. Goldenring
- Nashville Veterans Affairs Medical Center and the Epithelial Biology Center and the Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Guo J, Dong B, Ji JF, Wu AW. Myofibrillogenesis regulator-1 overexpression is associated with poor prognosis of gastric cancer patients. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:5434-41. [PMID: 23082061 PMCID: PMC3471113 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i38.5434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the expression of myofibrillogenesis regulator-1 (MR-1) in relation to clinicopathological parameters and postoperative survival in a group of Chinese patients with gastric cancer.
METHODS: In our previous study of human whole-genome gene expression profiling, the differentially expressed genes were detected in the gastric cancer and its adjacent noncancerous mucosa. We found that MR-1 was associated with the location and differentiation of tumors. In this study, MR-1 protein expression was determined by immunohistochemistry in specimens of primary cancer and the adjacent noncancerous tissues from gastric cancer patients. A set of real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays based on the Universal ProbeLibrary-a collection of 165 presynthesized, fluorescence-labeled locked nucleic acid hydrolysis probes-was designed specifically to detect the expression of MR-1 mRNA. The correlation was analyzed between the expression of MR-1 and other tumor characteristics which may influence the prognosis of gastric cancer patients. A retrospective cohort study on the prognosis was carried out and clinical data were collected from medical records.
RESULTS: MR-1 mRNA and protein could be detected in gastric cancer tissues as well as in matched noncancerous tissues. MR-1 was up-regulated at both mRNA (5.459 ± 0.639 vs 1.233 ± 0.238, P < 0.001) and protein levels (34.2% vs 13.2%, P = 0.003) in gastric cancer tissues. Correlation analysis demonstrated that high expression of MR-1 in gastric cancer was significantly correlated with clinical stage (P = 0.034). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the postoperative survival of the MR-1 positive group tended to be poorer than that of the MR-1 negative group, and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.002). Among all the patients with stage I-IV carcinoma, the 5-year survival rates of MR-1 positive and negative groups were 50.40% and 12.70%, respectively, with respective median survival times of 64.27 mo (95%CI: 13.41-115.13) and 16.77 mo (95%CI: 8.80-24.74). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to compare the impact of MR-1 expression and other clinicopathological parameters on prognosis. In a univariate analysis on all 70 specimens, 6 factors were found to be significantly associated with the overall survival statistically: including MR-1 expression, depth of invasion, distant metastasis, lymph node metastasis, vascular invasion and the tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage based on the 7th edition of the International Union against Cancer TNM classification. To avoid the influence caused by univariate analysis, the expressions of MR-1 as well as other parameters were examined in multivariate Cox analysis. Clinicopathological variables that might affect the prognosis of gastric cancer patients were analyzed by Cox regression analysis, which showed that MR-1 expression and TNM stage were independent predictors of postoperative survival. The best mathematical multivariate Cox regression model consisted of two factors: MR-1 expression and TNM stage. Our results indicated that MR-1 protein could act as an independent marker for patient overall survival [Hazard ratio (HR): 2.215, P = 0.043].
CONCLUSION: MR-1 is an important variable that can be used to evaluate the outcome, prognosis and targeted therapy of gastric cancer patients.
Collapse
|
25
|
Tang W, Morgan DR, Meyers MO, Dominguez RL, Martinez E, Kakudo K, Kuan PF, Banet N, Muallem H, Woodward K, Speck O, Gulley ML. Epstein-barr virus infected gastric adenocarcinoma expresses latent and lytic viral transcripts and has a distinct human gene expression profile. Infect Agent Cancer 2012; 7:21. [PMID: 22929309 PMCID: PMC3598565 DOI: 10.1186/1750-9378-7-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND EBV DNA is found within the malignant cells of 10% of gastric cancers. Modern molecular technology facilitates identification of virus-related biochemical effects that could assist in early diagnosis and disease management. METHODS In this study, RNA expression profiling was performed on 326 macrodissected paraffin-embedded tissues including 204 cancers and, when available, adjacent non-malignant mucosa. Nanostring nCounter probes targeted 96 RNAs (20 viral, 73 human, and 3 spiked RNAs). RESULTS In 182 tissues with adequate housekeeper RNAs, distinct profiles were found in infected versus uninfected cancers, and in malignant versus adjacent benign mucosa. EBV-infected gastric cancers expressed nearly all of the 18 latent and lytic EBV RNAs in the test panel. Levels of EBER1 and EBER2 RNA were highest and were proportional to the quantity of EBV genomes as measured by Q-PCR. Among protein coding EBV RNAs, EBNA1 from the Q promoter and BRLF1 were highly expressed while EBNA2 levels were low positive in only 6/14 infected cancers. Concomitant upregulation of cellular factors implies that virus is not an innocent bystander but rather is linked to NFKB signaling (FCER2, TRAF1) and immune response (TNFSF9, CXCL11, IFITM1, FCRL3, MS4A1 and PLUNC), with PPARG expression implicating altered cellular metabolism. Compared to adjacent non-malignant mucosa, gastric cancers consistently expressed INHBA, SPP1, THY1, SERPINH1, CXCL1, FSCN1, PTGS2 (COX2), BBC3, ICAM1, TNFSF9, SULF1, SLC2A1, TYMS, three collagens, the cell proliferation markers MYC and PCNA, and EBV BLLF1 while they lacked CDH1 (E-cadherin), CLDN18, PTEN, SDC1 (CD138), GAST (gastrin) and its downstream effector CHGA (chromogranin). Compared to lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the uterine cervix, gastric cancers expressed CLDN18, EPCAM, REG4, BBC3, OLFM4, PPARG, and CDH17 while they had diminished levels of IFITM1 and HIF1A. The druggable targets ERBB2 (Her2), MET, and the HIF pathway, as well as several other potential pharmacogenetic indicators (including EBV infection itself, as well as SPARC, TYMS, FCGR2B and REG4) were identified in some tumor specimens. CONCLUSION This study shows how modern molecular technology applied to archival fixed tissues yields novel insights into viral oncogenesis that could be useful in managing affected patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Tang
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, 913 Brinkhous-Bullitt Building, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7525, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Xu Y, Zhang J, Liu QS, Dong WG. Knockdown of liver-intestine cadherin decreases BGC823 cell invasiveness and metastasis in vivo. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:3129-37. [PMID: 22791949 PMCID: PMC3386327 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i24.3129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Revised: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To assess BGC823 gastric cancer (GC) cell metastasis after knockdown of liver-intestine cadherin (CDH17) and the therapeutic value of CDH17-RNAi-lentivirus in vivo.
METHODS: We evaluated primary tumor growth and assessed local infiltration and systemic tumor dissemination using an orthotopic implantation technique. The therapeutic value of CDH17 knockdown was examined by intratumoral administration of CDH17-RNA interference (RNAi)-lentivirus in an established GC tumor xenograft mouse model. Furthermore, a comparative proteomic approach was utilized to identify differentially expressed proteins in BGC823 and lenti-CDH17-miR-neg cells following CDH17 knockdown.
RESULTS: Metastases in the liver and lung appeared earlier and more frequently in animals with tumors derived from BGC823 or lenti-CDH17-miR-neg cells than in tumors derived from lenti-CDH17-miR-B cells. Average tumor weight and volume in the CDH17-RNAi-lentivirus-treated group were significantly lower than those in the control group (tumor volume: 0.89 ± 0.04 cm3vs 1.16 ± 0.06 cm3, P < 0.05; tumor weight: 1.15 ± 0.58 g vs 2.09 ± 0.08 g, P < 0.05). Fifteen differentially expressed proteins were identified after CDH17 silencing in BGC823 cells, including a variety of cytoskeletal and chaperone proteins as well as proteins involved in metabolism, immunity/defense, cell proliferation and differentiation, cell cycle, and signal transduction.
CONCLUSION: Our data establish a foundation for future studies of the comprehensive protein expression patterns and effects of CDH17 in GC.
Collapse
|
27
|
González-Arriagada WA, Santos-Silva AR, Ito FA, Vargas PA, Speight PM, Bingle L, Lopes MA. Expression pattern of PLUNC proteins as an auxiliary tool for the diagnosis of high-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the salivary gland. J Oral Pathol Med 2012; 41:589-97. [PMID: 22487508 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2012.01145.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucoepidermoid carcinomas are the most frequent malignant neoplasia of the salivary glands and are histologically classified as low, intermediate, and high grade. At present, histochemical stains such as periodic acid-Schiff or mucicarmine are useful tools in making a diagnosis. Recently, expression of the PLUNC proteins has been described in mucin-producing salivary gland tumors, with the suggestion that they could provide a powerful tool for the diagnosis of difficult cases. METHODS This study evaluates the expression of PLUNC proteins in 30 cases of salivary gland mucoepidermoid carcinomas. Tumors were reviewed and classified according to histological grade. Periodic acid-Schiff, mucicarmine, and immunohistochemical staining for SPLUNC1, LPLUNC1, SPLUNC2, and LPLUNC2 were carried out. Immunostaining was classified as positive or negative. RESULTS The majority of the tumors (63%) were classified as low grade, 13% were intermediate grade, and 23% were high grade. SPLUNC1 (90%) and LPLUNC1 (93%) were positive in the majority of cases, mainly in mucous cells, mucin plugs, and intermediate cells. SPLUNC2 and LPLUNC2 did not present significative expression within the tumors; however, LPLUNC2 was found to stain positively in mast cells in 83% of the samples. CONCLUSIONS SPLUNC1 and LPLUNC1 showed a similar pattern of expression and could prove useful in the diagnosis of high-grade cases because of the differential staining in intermediate and epidermoid cells. The expression of LPLUNC2 in mast cells has not previously been reported, but further studies are necessary to validate this finding and to determine its significance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wilfredo A González-Arriagada
- Oral Diagnosis Department, Semiology and Oral Pathology, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
SOX9 expression and its methylation status in gastric cancer. Virchows Arch 2012; 460:271-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00428-012-1201-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Revised: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
29
|
Souma Y, Nishida T, Serada S, Iwahori K, Takahashi T, Fujimoto M, Ripley B, Nakajima K, Miyazaki Y, Mori M, Doki Y, Sawa Y, Naka T. Antiproliferative effect of SOCS-1 through the suppression of STAT3 and p38 MAPK activation in gastric cancer cells. Int J Cancer 2011; 131:1287-96. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
30
|
Wang J, Yu JC, Kang WM, Wang WZ, Liu YQ, Gu P. The predictive effect of cadherin-17 on lymph node micrometastasis in pN0 gastric cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2011; 19:1529-34. [PMID: 22009269 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-011-2115-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies identified cadherin-17 (CDH17) as one of the most upregulated genes in node-positive gastric cancer. However, the prognostic significance of CDH17 in pN0 gastric cancer and its association with lymph node micrometastasis (LNMM) have not been investigated. METHODS Clinicopathologic features of 191 patients with node-negative gastric cancer were studied retrospectively. All dissected lymph nodes were immunostained by cytokeratin to detect micrometastasis. CDH17 and lymphatic invasion (LVI) in primary carcinoma were evaluated by immunostaining of monoclonal CDH17 and D2-40 antibody. Correlation of CDH17 with clinicopathologic characteristics was subsequently assessed. Risk factors of LNMM were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Cox's proportional hazard model was applied to investigate independent prognostic factors of pN0 gastric cancer. Overall survival rates of patients with positive and negative CDH17 were compared, stratifying by pT stage, Lauren grade, and LNMM status. RESULTS CDH17 was observed in 126 patients (66.0%). Positive expression of CDH17 was significantly associated with the age, tumor size, pT, Lauren grade, LVI, and LNMM, and identified as one of the independent risk factors of LNMM. Negative predictors of pN0 gastric cancer included pT, Lauren grade, LNMM, and CDH17. Furthermore, in tumors of pT2-3, intestinal histotype, and negative-LNMM, the survival rate of patients with CDH17 was significantly lower than that of patients without CDH17. CONCLUSIONS CDH17 was positively associated with larger tumor size, deeper invasion, diffuse/mixed histotype, LVI, and LNMM, predicting a poor prognosis in pN0 gastric cancer. Additionally, CDH17 may also serve as a potential indicator of LNMM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Yasui W, Sentani K, Sakamoto N, Anami K, Naito Y, Oue N. Molecular pathology of gastric cancer: research and practice. Pathol Res Pract 2011; 207:608-12. [PMID: 22005013 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2011.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in the understanding of molecular stomach carcinogenesis are reviewed. As to molecular events in individual mucin phenotypes of gastric cancer, the CDX2-Reg IV-SOX9 pathway is associated with the intestinal mucin phenotype, while OLFM4 and CLDN18 are novel markers for the gastric phenotype. microRNAs play an important role in epigenetic deregulation in gastric cancer. Many microRNAs are up-regulated and down-regulated, and some of these are associated with histological differentiation and cancer progression. Reduced miR-200 may participate in the genesis of diffuse type gastric cancer by reducing E-cadherin expression. Genetic polymorphism is a crucial endogenous cause and a fundamental factor of cancer risk. PSCA polymorphism alters the susceptibility to diffuse type gastric cancer through modulation of cell proliferation activity. Cancer stem cells possess the capacity for self-renewal and cause the heterogeneous lineages of cancer cells. Cancer stem cells also show resistance to anti-tumor chemotherapy. Only a minor population of gastric cancer cells reveals the properties of cancer stem cells, and CD44 is one of the markers for gastric cancer stem cells. The origin of gastric cancer stem cells remains to be elucidated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Yasui
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wang W, Lv L, Pan K, Zhang Y, Zhao JJ, Chen JG, Chen YB, Li YQ, Wang QJ, He J, Chen SP, Zhou ZW, Xia JC. Reduced expression of transcription factor AP-2α is associated with gastric adenocarcinoma prognosis. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24897. [PMID: 21966377 PMCID: PMC3180284 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to investigate the expression and prognostic significance of activator protein 2α (AP-2α) in gastric adenocarcinoma. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS AP-2α expression was analyzed using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), western blotting, and immunohistochemical staining methods on tissue samples from a consecutive series of 481 gastric adenocarcinoma patients who underwent resections between 2003 and 2006. The relationship between AP-2α expression, clinicopathological factors, and patient survival was investigated. RT- qPCR results showed that the expression of AP-2α mRNA was reduced in tumor tissue samples, compared with expression in matched adjacent non-tumor tissue samples (P = 0.009); this finding was confirmed by western blotting analysis (P = 0.012). Immunohistochemical staining data indicated that AP-2α expression was significantly decreased in 196 of 481 (40.7%) gastric adenocarcinoma cases; reduced AP-2α expression was also observed in patients with poorly differentiated tumors (P = 0.001) and total gastric carcinomas (P = 0.002), as well as in patients who underwent palliative tumor resection (P = 0.004). Additionally, reduced expression of AP-2α was more commonly observed in tumors that were staged as T4a/b (P = 0.018), N3 (P = 0.006), and M1 (P = 0.008). Kaplan-Meier survival curves revealed that reduced expression of AP-2α was associated with poor prognosis in gastric adenocarcinoma patients (P<0.001). Multivariate Cox analysis identified AP-2α expression as an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (HR = 1.512, 95% CI = 1.127-2.029, P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our data suggest that AP-2α plays an important role in tumor progression and that reduced AP-2α expression independently predicts an unfavorable prognosis in gastric adenocarcinoma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Department of Experimental Research, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Gastric and Pancreatic Surgery, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Department of Experimental Research, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Department of Experimental Research, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Department of Experimental Research, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Department of Experimental Research, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ju-gao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Department of Experimental Research, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-bing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Department of Experimental Research, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Department of Experimental Research, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-jin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Department of Experimental Research, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Department of Experimental Research, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Department of Experimental Research, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Department of Experimental Research, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Department of Gastric and Pancreatic Surgery, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (ZZ-W); (XJ-C)
| | - Jian-chuan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Department of Experimental Research, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (ZZ-W); (XJ-C)
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Tanaka M, Shibahara J, Fukushima N, Shinozaki A, Umeda M, Ishikawa S, Kokudo N, Fukayama M. Claudin-18 is an early-stage marker of pancreatic carcinogenesis. J Histochem Cytochem 2011; 59:942-52. [PMID: 21832145 DOI: 10.1369/0022155411420569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal neoplasms exhibit gastric epithelium-like characteristics. In this study, we evaluated the expression of claudin-18 (CLDN18), a gastric epithelium-associated claudin, in pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias (PanINs), intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs), mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCNs), and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs) using immunohistochemistry. We observed a high level of expression of CLDN18 in PanINs (31/32, 97%), IPMNs (61/65, 95%), and MCNs (4/5, 80%) using ordinary tissue section analysis. Furthermore, we observed a high level of CLDN18 expression in PDACs (109/156, 70%) using tissue microarray analysis. However, the normal pancreatic duct or the ductal metaplasia of the acinar cells was not immunoreactive. Comparative analysis of CLDN18 and phenotypic markers in IPMNs revealed that simultaneous expression of CLDN18 and intestinal markers frequently occurred, even in intestinal-type IPMNs. CLDN18 variant 2 mRNA was expressed and was similarly upregulated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) treatment in pancreatic cancer cell lines and in a gastric cancer cell line. An inhibitor of pan-PKC (GF109203X) completely suppressed this upregulation in pancreatic cancer cells. These results indicate that CLDN18, a marker for the early carcinogenetic process, is commonly expressed in precursor lesions of PDAC. Activation of the PKC pathway might be involved in CLDN18 expression associated with pancreatic carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Tanaka
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Oue N, Sentani K, Sakamoto N, Yasui W. [Identification of novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets of gastric cancer by SAGE and CAST analysis]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2011; 137:146-149. [PMID: 21415564 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.137.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
|
35
|
Sentani K, Oue N, Noguchi T, Sakamoto N, Matsusaki K, Yasui W. Immunostaining of gastric cancer with neuroendocrine differentiation: Reg IV-positive neuroendocrine cells are associated with gastrin, serotonin, pancreatic polypeptide and somatostatin. Pathol Int 2010; 60:291-7. [PMID: 20403031 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.2010.02519.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported that Reg IV is associated with neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation in gastric cancers. The aim was to examine which NE hormone products are related to Reg IV-positive NE cells and their roles in gastric cancers. In the present study, we performed immunohistochemical analysis in a tissue microarray (TMA) of a consecutive series of 630 cases with ten different antibodies, including chromogranin A, synaptophysin and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) as NE differentiation markers, and gastrin, serotonin, calcitonin, gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP), pancreatic polypeptide (PP), somatostatin and glucagon as NE hormones. In 630 cases, we identified 205 (33%) with NE differentiation and 147 (23%) positive for Reg IV. Reg IV-positive cases showed NE differentiation more frequently than Reg IV-negative cases (P < 0.0001). In 205 cases with NE differentiation, Reg IV-positive cases expressed serotonin (P= 0.0032) and somatostatin (P= 0.036) more frequently than Reg IV-negative cases. Double immunofluorescence staining revealed co-expression of Reg IV with gastrin, serotonin and PP. These results indicate that Reg IV might be a mediating factor of several NE hormones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Sentani
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Lee NP, Poon RTP, Shek FH, Ng IOL, Luk JM. Role of cadherin-17 in oncogenesis and potential therapeutic implications in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2010; 1806:138-45. [PMID: 20580775 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2010.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Revised: 05/03/2010] [Accepted: 05/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cadherin is an important cell adhesion molecule that plays paramount roles in organ development and the maintenance of tissue integrity. Dysregulation of cadherin expression is often associated with disease pathology including tissue dysplasia, tumor formation, and metastasis. Cadherin-17 (CDH17), belonging to a subclass of 7D-cadherin superfamily, is present in fetal liver and gastrointestinal tract during embryogenesis, but the gene becomes silenced in healthy adult liver and stomach tissues. It functions as a peptide transporter and a cell adhesion molecule to maintain tissue integrity in epithelia. However, recent findings from our group and others have reported aberrant expression of CDH17 in major gastrointestinal malignancies including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), stomach and colorectal cancers, and its clinical association with tumor metastasis and advanced tumor stages. Furthermore, alternative splice isoforms and genetic polymorphisms of CDH17 gene have been identified in HCC and linked to an increased risk of HCC. CDH17 is an attractive target for HCC therapy. Targeting CDH17 in HCC can inhibit tumor growth and inactivate Wnt signaling pathway in concomitance with activation of tumor suppressor genes. Further investigation on CDH17-mediated oncogenic signaling and cognate molecular mechanisms would shed light on new targeting therapy on HCC and potentially other gastrointestinal malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikki P Lee
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kudo K, Xi Y, Wang Y, Song B, Chu E, Ju J, Russo JJ, Ju J. Translational control analysis by translationally active RNA capture/microarray analysis (TrIP-Chip). Nucleic Acids Res 2010; 38:e104. [PMID: 20123731 PMCID: PMC2875024 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkq024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We have developed a new approach to systematically study post-transcriptional regulation in a small number of cells. Actively translating mRNAs are associated with polysomes and the newly synthesized peptide chains are closely associated with molecular chaperones such as hsp70s, which assist in the proper folding of nascent polypeptides into higher ordered structures. These chaperones provide an anchor with which to separate actively translating mRNAs associated with polysomes from free mRNAs. Affinity capture beads were developed to capture hsp70 chaperones associated with the polysome complexes. The isolated actively translating mRNAs were used for high-throughput expression profiling analysis. Feasibility was demonstrated using an in vitro translation system with known translationally regulated mRNA transcript thymidylate synthase (TS). We further developed the approach using HCT-116 colon cancer cells with both TS and p53 as positive controls. The steady-state levels of TS and p53 mRNAs were unaltered after 5-fluorouracil treatment as assessed by real-time qRT-PCR analysis. In contrast, the protein expression and polysome-associated mRNA levels of both genes were increased. These differences in translational rate were revealed with our new approach from 500 cells. This technology has the potential to make investigation of translational control feasible with limited quantities of clinical specimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kudo
- Mitchell Cancer Institute, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
|