Concurrent xanthogranulomatous orchiepididymitis and seminoma in the same testis

Identifying the deceiver: the non-neoplastic mimickers of genital system neoplasms

Tumors of the genital system are common and imaging is of crucial importance for their detection and diagnosis. Several non-neoplastic diseases may mimic these tumors and differential diagnosis may be difficult in certain cases. Misdiagnosing non-neoplastic diseases as tumor may prompt unnecessary medical treatment or surgical interventions. In this article, we aimed to present the imaging characteristics of non-neoplastic diseases of the male and female genital systems that may mimic neoplastic processes. Increasing awareness of the imaging specialists to these entities may have a severe positive impact on the management of these patients.

Xanthogranulomatous Orchitis Presenting as a Scrotal Mass in an Elderly Male: Malignancy or Mimicker?

Xanthogranulomatous inflammation is a rare, destructive pattern of inflammation, affecting different organs, that often produces a mass-like lesion, simulating malignancy. Although benign, it can coexist with malignancy. We, herein, report the case of a 60-year-old male patient, who presented with a testicular mass that was partly necrotic and showed heterogeneous enhancement on contrast study. Testicular tumor markers were normal. In view of clinicoradiological suspicion of a malignant cause, high inguinal orchidectomy was performed. However, histopathology showed features of a xanthogranulomatous orchitis with no evidence of any malignancy. Pathologists must be aware of this entity as definitive diagnosis requires histopathologic examination and adequate sampling must be done to rule out a coexistent malignancy.

Xanthogranulomatous orchitis: case report of a rare condition

Xanthogranulomatous orchitis is a rare, non-neoplastic inflammatory condition. We present a case of a 55-year-old diabetic male with an increase in volume, pain and edema in right testicle with a one-year history. The examination involved the investigation of inflammatory markers and ultrasound. Exploration of the scrotum revealed important destruction of the tissue architecture. This case underscores the importance of including xanthogranulomatous orchitis in the differential diagnosis of a testicular lump.

Bilateral xanthogranulomatous orchitis in a tetraplegic patient

Xanthogranulomatous orchitis (XGO) is a rare chronic inflammatory process characterized by destruction of tissue that is replaced by an outstanding cellular infiltrate of lipid-laden macrophages. To date, 20 cases of this process have been reported previously. We present herein the case of a 55-year-old man who had sustained complete tetraplegia at C-6 level and neuropathic bladder for 21 years. After repeated episodes of urinary tract infection, the patient developed a bilateral XGO and a right xanthogranulomatous epididymitis (XGE) that were treated with bilateral orchiepididymectomy. To our knowledge, a bilateral XGO has not yet been reported. Repeated episodes of high-pressure urinary reflux along the vas deferens during dyssynergic voiding possibly led to retrograde extension from the urinary tract by common urinary pathogens and development of bilateral XGO and right XGE. Since tissue destruction is a feature of this process, curative treatment required antibiotic therapy followed by bilateral excision of testes and epididymes.