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Hessler M, Jalilian E, Xu Q, Reddy S, Horton L, Elkin K, Manwar R, Tsoukas M, Mehregan D, Avanaki K. Melanoma Biomarkers and Their Potential Application for In Vivo Diagnostic Imaging Modalities. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9583. [PMID: 33339193 PMCID: PMC7765677 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer and remains a diagnostic challenge in the dermatology clinic. Several non-invasive imaging techniques have been developed to identify melanoma. The signal source in each of these modalities is based on the alteration of physical characteristics of the tissue from healthy/benign to melanoma. However, as these characteristics are not always sufficiently specific, the current imaging techniques are not adequate for use in the clinical setting. A more robust way of melanoma diagnosis is to "stain" or selectively target the suspect tissue with a melanoma biomarker attached to a contrast enhancer of one imaging modality. Here, we categorize and review known melanoma diagnostic biomarkers with the goal of guiding skin imaging experts to design an appropriate diagnostic tool for differentiating between melanoma and benign lesions with a high specificity and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Hessler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.H.); (Q.X.); (S.R.); (L.H.); (K.E.); (R.M.)
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
| | - Elmira Jalilian
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA;
| | - Qiuyun Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.H.); (Q.X.); (S.R.); (L.H.); (K.E.); (R.M.)
| | - Shriya Reddy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.H.); (Q.X.); (S.R.); (L.H.); (K.E.); (R.M.)
| | - Luke Horton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.H.); (Q.X.); (S.R.); (L.H.); (K.E.); (R.M.)
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
| | - Kenneth Elkin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.H.); (Q.X.); (S.R.); (L.H.); (K.E.); (R.M.)
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
| | - Rayyan Manwar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.H.); (Q.X.); (S.R.); (L.H.); (K.E.); (R.M.)
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Maria Tsoukas
- Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA;
| | - Darius Mehregan
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
| | - Kamran Avanaki
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA;
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