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van Dijk SHB, Brusse-Keizer MGJ, Bucsán CC, van der Palen J, Doggen CJM, Lenferink A. Artificial intelligence in systematic reviews: promising when appropriately used. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e072254. [PMID: 37419641 PMCID: PMC10335470 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systematic reviews provide a structured overview of the available evidence in medical-scientific research. However, due to the increasing medical-scientific research output, it is a time-consuming task to conduct systematic reviews. To accelerate this process, artificial intelligence (AI) can be used in the review process. In this communication paper, we suggest how to conduct a transparent and reliable systematic review using the AI tool 'ASReview' in the title and abstract screening. METHODS Use of the AI tool consisted of several steps. First, the tool required training of its algorithm with several prelabelled articles prior to screening. Next, using a researcher-in-the-loop algorithm, the AI tool proposed the article with the highest probability of being relevant. The reviewer then decided on relevancy of each article proposed. This process was continued until the stopping criterion was reached. All articles labelled relevant by the reviewer were screened on full text. RESULTS Considerations to ensure methodological quality when using AI in systematic reviews included: the choice of whether to use AI, the need of both deduplication and checking for inter-reviewer agreement, how to choose a stopping criterion and the quality of reporting. Using the tool in our review resulted in much time saved: only 23% of the articles were assessed by the reviewer. CONCLUSION The AI tool is a promising innovation for the current systematic reviewing practice, as long as it is appropriately used and methodological quality can be assured. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42022283952.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne H B van Dijk
- Health Technology & Services Research, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Pulmonary Medicine, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein G J Brusse-Keizer
- Health Technology & Services Research, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Medical School Twente, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte C Bucsán
- Pulmonary Medicine, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Cognition, Data & Education, Faculty of Behavioural, Management & Social Sciences, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Job van der Palen
- Medical School Twente, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Cognition, Data & Education, Faculty of Behavioural, Management & Social Sciences, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Carine J M Doggen
- Health Technology & Services Research, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Clinical Research Centre, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Anke Lenferink
- Health Technology & Services Research, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Pulmonary Medicine, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Clinical Research Centre, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands
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N-Terminal Prohormone of Brain Natriuretic Peptide (NT-proBNP) as a Diagnostic Biomarker of Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction in Patients with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (AECOPD). Lung 2018; 196:583-590. [DOI: 10.1007/s00408-018-0137-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Alotaibi NM, Chen V, Hollander Z, Hague CJ, Murphy DT, Leipsic JA, DeMarco ML, FitzGerald JM, McManus BM, Ng RT, Sin DD. Phenotyping COPD exacerbations using imaging and blood-based biomarkers. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2018; 13:217-229. [PMID: 29386890 PMCID: PMC5764289 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s152484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) are caused by a variety of different etiologic agents. Our aim was to phenotype COPD exacerbations using imaging (chest X-ray [CXR] and computed tomography [CT]) and to determine the possible role of the blood tests (C-reactive protein [CRP], the N-terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide [NT-proBNP]) as diagnostic biomarkers. Materials and methods Subjects who were hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of AECOPD and who had had CXRs, CT scans, and blood collection for CRP and NT-proBNP were assessed in this study. Radiologist blinded to the clinical and laboratory characteristics of the subjects interpreted their CXRs and CT images. ANOVA and Spearman’s correlation were performed to test for associations between these imaging parameters and the blood-based biomarkers NT-proBNP and CRP; logistic regression models were used to assess the performance of these biomarkers in predicting the radiological parameters. Results A total of 309 subjects were examined for this study. Subjects had a mean age of 65.6±11.1 years, 66.7% of them were males, and 62.4% were current smokers, with a mean FEV1 54.4%±21.5% of predicted. Blood NT-proBNP concentrations were associated with cardiac enlargement (area under the curve [AUC] =0.72, P<0.001), pulmonary edema (AUC =0.63, P=0.009), and pleural effusion on CXR (AUC =0.64, P=0.01); whereas on CT images, NT-proBNP concentrations were associated with pleural effusion (AUC =0.71, P=0.002). Serum CRP concentrations, on the other hand, were associated with consolidation on CT images (AUC =0.75, P<0.001), ground glass opacities (AUC =0.64, P=0.028), and pleural effusion (AUC =0.72, P<0.001) on CT images. A serum CRP sensitivity-oriented cutoff point of 11.5 mg/L was selected for the presence of consolidation on CT images in subjects admitted as cases of AECOPD, which has a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 53% (P<0.001). Conclusion Elevated CRP may indicate the presence of pneumonia, while elevated NT-proBNP may indicate cardiac dysfunction. These readily available blood-based biomarkers may provide more accurate phenotyping of AECOPD and enable the discovery of more precise therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawaf M Alotaibi
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, James Hogg Research Centre, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Virginia Chen
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, James Hogg Research Centre, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Institute for Heart Lung Health.,PROOF Centre of Excellence
| | - Zsuzsanna Hollander
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, James Hogg Research Centre, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Institute for Heart Lung Health.,PROOF Centre of Excellence
| | | | | | | | - Mari L DeMarco
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, James Hogg Research Centre, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
| | - J Mark FitzGerald
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia.,The Lung Centre, Vancouver General Hospital
| | - Bruce M McManus
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, James Hogg Research Centre, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Institute for Heart Lung Health.,PROOF Centre of Excellence.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
| | - Raymond T Ng
- PROOF Centre of Excellence.,Department of Computer Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Don D Sin
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, James Hogg Research Centre, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Institute for Heart Lung Health.,Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia
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Hawkins NM, Khosla A, Virani SA, McMurray JJV, FitzGerald JM. B-type natriuretic peptides in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review. BMC Pulm Med 2017; 17:11. [PMID: 28073350 PMCID: PMC5223538 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-016-0345-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have increased cardiovascular risk. Natriuretic peptides (NP) in other populations are useful in identifying cardiovascular disease, stratifying risk, and guiding therapy. Methods We performed a systematic literature review to examine NP in COPD, utilising Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library. Results Fifty one studies were identified. NP levels were lower in stable compared to exacerbation of COPD, and significantly increased with concomitant left ventricular systolic dysfunction or cor pulmonale. Elevation occurred in 16 to 60% of exacerbations and persisted in approximately one half of patients at discharge. Cardiovascular comorbidities were associated with increased levels. Levels consistently correlated with pulmonary artery pressure and left ventricular ejection fraction, but not pulmonary function or oxygen saturation. NP demonstrated high negative predictive values (0.80 to 0.98) to exclude left ventricular dysfunction in both stable and exacerbation of COPD, but relatively low positive predictive values. NP elevation predicted early adverse outcomes, but the association with long term mortality was inconsistent. Conclusion NP reflect diverse aspects of the cardiopulmonary continuum which limits utility when applied in isolation. Strategies integrating NP with additional variables, biomarkers and imaging require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel M Hawkins
- Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, BC Centre for Improved Cardiovascular Health, St. Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, V6Z 1Y6, BC, Canada.
| | - Amit Khosla
- Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, BC Centre for Improved Cardiovascular Health, St. Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, V6Z 1Y6, BC, Canada
| | - Sean A Virani
- Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, BC Centre for Improved Cardiovascular Health, St. Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, V6Z 1Y6, BC, Canada
| | - John J V McMurray
- Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - J Mark FitzGerald
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of British Columbia and Institute for Heart and Lung Health, Vancouver, Canada
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Cardiac dysfunction during exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. THE LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2016; 4:138-48. [DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(15)00509-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Puente-Maestu L, Álvarez-Sala LA, de Miguel-Díez J. Beta-blockers in patients with chronic obstructive disease and coexistent cardiac illnesses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1186/s40749-015-0013-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Brewis MJ, Church AC, Johnson MK, Peacock AJ. Severe pulmonary hypertension in lung disease: phenotypes and response to treatment. Eur Respir J 2015; 46:1378-89. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02307-2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) due to lung disease (World Health Organization (WHO) group 3) is common, but severe PH, arbitrarily defined as mean pulmonary artery pressure ≥35 mmHg is reported in only a small proportion. Whether these should be treated as patients in WHO group 1 (i.e.pulmonary arterial hypertension) with PH-targeted therapies is unknown.We compared the phenotypic characteristics and outcomes of 118 incident patients with severe PH and lung disease with 74 idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) patients, all treated with pulmonary vasodilators.Lung disease patients were older, more hypoxaemic, and had lower gas transfer, worse New York Heart Association functional class and lower 6-min walking distance (6MWD) than IPAH patients. Poorer survival in those with lung disease was driven by the interstitial lung disease (ILD) cohort.In contrast to IPAH, where significant improvements in 6MWD and N-terminal pro-brain natruiretic peptide (NT-proBNP) occurred, PH therapy in severe PH lung disease did not lead to improvement in 6MWD or functional class, but neither was deterioration seen. NT-proBNP decreased from 2200 to 1596 pg·mL−1(p=0.015). Response varied by lung disease phenotype, with poorer outcomes in patients with ILD and emphysema with preserved forced expiratory volume in 1 s. Further study is required to investigate whether vasodilator therapy may delay disease progression in severe PH with lung disease.
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Fukui M, Shimakawa S, Nomura S, Ohba C, Kashiwagi M, Miyamoto R, Tanabe T, Azumagawa K, Tamai H. Serum N-Terminal Pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide (NTproBNP) Levels Are Elevated During the Acute Phase of Acute Encephalopathy-Associated Virus Infection. J Child Neurol 2015; 30:823-7. [PMID: 25117415 DOI: 10.1177/0883073814543304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Acute virus-associated encephalopathy induces seizures. Serum N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP) levels are elevated following febrile and afebrile seizures. However, the role of NTproBNP in acute virus-associated encephalopathy pathology is unknown. We enrolled 10 patients with acute virus-associated encephalopathy and convulsions (E group: 7 boys, 3 girls; median age, 3.10 ± 1.92 years) and 130 patients with febrile seizure (FS group: 80 boys, 50 girls; median age, 3.23 ± 2.44 years). The E group had significantly higher NTproBNP levels (345 ± 141 pg/mL) compared with the FS group (166 ± 228 pg/mL) (P < .0005). Furthermore, subjects with prolonged seizure within the E group had significantly higher NTproBNP levels (303 ± 107 pg/mL) compared with subjects with prolonged seizure within the FS group (134 ± 100 pg/mL) (P < .005). Our findings suggest that serum NTproBNP levels are increased during the acute phase of acute virus-associated encephalopathy associated with convulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Fukui
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Shohei Nomura
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chizu Ohba
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirakata Municipal Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Ryohei Miyamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Saiseikai Ibaragi Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuya Tanabe
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Tanabe Children's Clinic, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Tamai
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka Medical College, Osaka, Japan
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Buchan A, Bennett R, Coad A, Barnes S, Russell R, Manuel AR. The role of cardiac biomarkers for predicting left ventricular dysfunction and cardiovascular mortality in acute exacerbations of COPD. Open Heart 2015; 2:e000052. [PMID: 25852947 PMCID: PMC4379881 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2014-000052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of cardiovascular comorbidities is frequently associated with poor outcomes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). No clear role has been defined for cardiac biomarkers in acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD). The aim of this systematic review was to examine the prognostic value of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and troponins in patients with AECOPD. Two independent authors searched the PubMed and Cochrane Library to collect clinical trials, observational studies and meta-analyses studying the prognostic value of cardiac biomarkers in AECOPD. The reference lists of all the included studies were also reviewed. A total of 14 studies were included in the review, of which 10 measured troponins, 7 measured BNP or NT-proBNP, and 3 measured both. Of the studies that used mortality in AECOPD as an end point, some but not all found that elevated BNP and/or troponins were associated with increased mortality. Of the studies that used left ventricular (LV) dysfunction in AECOPD as an end point, all found a significant association between elevated BNP and troponins in the diagnosis of LV dysfunction. In summary, it appears that there may be a link between an elevated level of BNP or NT-proBNP and increased cardiovascular mortality in AECOPD, although the data currently available are not conclusive. The inconsistencies in biomarkers measured, time points of measurements and the variability in outcome measured preclude more robust analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Buchan
- Medical School, University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
| | - Ruth Bennett
- Medical School, St Hugh's College, University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
| | - Anna Coad
- Medical School, Queen's College, University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
| | - Simon Barnes
- Department of Respiratory Medicine , Oxford University Hospitals , Oxford , UK
| | - Richard Russell
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Lymington Forest Hospital, Southern Health NHS Trust, Hampshire, UK
| | - Ari R Manuel
- Oxford Centre for Respiratory Research, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust , Oxford , UK
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Yang IA, Ko FWS, Lim TK, Hancox RJ. Year in review 2012: asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respirology 2013; 18:565-72. [PMID: 23316705 DOI: 10.1111/resp.12049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian A Yang
- Thoracic Medicine, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.
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Jafri L, Kashif W, Tai J, Siddiqui I, Azam I, Shahzad H, Ghani F. B-type natriuretic peptide versus amino terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide: selecting the optimal heart failure marker in patients with impaired kidney function. BMC Nephrol 2013; 14:117. [PMID: 23725445 PMCID: PMC3680180 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2369-14-117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The effect of impaired kidney function on B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal proBNP (NT-proBNP) is vague. This study was performed to examine the effect of kidney dysfunction on the afore-mentioned markers and determine appropriate cutoffs for systolic heart failure (SHF). Methods In this cross sectional study adults with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 ml/min for ≥3 months were identified in consulting clinics from June 2009 to March 2010. SHF was defined as documented by a cardiologist with ejection fraction of < 40% and assessed by New York Heart Association classification (NYHA). Plasma was assayed for creatinine (Cr), BNP and NT-proBNP. Results A total of 190 subjects were enrolled in the study, 95 with and 95 without SHF. The mean age of patients was 58 (±15) years, 67.4% being males. Mean BNP levels showed a 2.5 fold and 1.5 fold increase from chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 3 to stage 5 in patients with and without SHF respectively. NT-proBNP levels in non-heart failure group were 3 fold higher in CKD stage 5 compared to stage 3. Mean NT-proBNP levels were 4 fold higher in CKD stage 5 compared to stage 3 in patients with SHF. Optimal BNP and NT-proBNP cutoffs of SHF diagnosis for the entire CKD group were 300 pg/ml and 4502 pg/ml respectively. Conclusion BNP and NT-proBNP were elevated in kidney dysfunction even in the absence of SHF; however the magnitude of increase in NT-proBNP was greater than that of BNP. BNP and NT-proBNP can be useful in diagnosing SHF, nonetheless, by using higher cutoffs stratified according to kidney dysfunction. NT-proBNP appears to predict heart failure better than BNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Jafri
- Department of Pathology & Microbiology, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, P.O. Box 3500, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
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The mortality prediction of NT-proBNP in elderly patients with heart failure. Eur Geriatr Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurger.2013.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Høiseth AD, Omland T, Hagve TA, Brekke PH, Søyseth V. NT-proBNP independently predicts long term mortality after acute exacerbation of COPD - a prospective cohort study. Respir Res 2012; 13:97. [PMID: 23107284 PMCID: PMC3495751 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-13-97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular disease is prevalent and frequently unrecognized in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). NT-proBNP is an established risk factor in patients with heart failure. NT-proBNP may also be released from the right ventricle. Thus serum NT-proBNP may be elevated during acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD). The prognostic value of NT-proBNP in patients hospitalized with AECOPD is sparsely studied. Our objective was to test the hypothesis that NT-proBNP independently predicts long term mortality following AECOPD. Methods A prospective cohort study of 99 patients with 217 admissions with AECOPD. Clinical, electrocardiographic, radiological and biochemical data were collected at index and repeat admissions and analyzed in an extended survival analysis with time-dependent covariables. Results Median follow-up time was 1.9 years, and 57 patients died during follow-up. NT-proBNP tertile limits were 264.4 and 909 pg/mL, and NT-proBNP in tertiles 1 through 3 was associated with mortality rates of 8.6, 35 and 62 per 100 patient-years, respectively (age-adjusted log-rank p<0.0001). After adjustment for age, gender, peripheral edema, cephalization and cTnT in a multivariable survival model, the corresponding hazard ratios for dying were 2.4 (0.95-6.0) and 3.2 (1.3-8.1) (with 95% confidence intervals in parentheses, p-value for trend 0.013). Conclusions NT-proBNP is a strong and independent determinant of mortality after AECOPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Didrik Høiseth
- Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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NT-proBNP levels at spontaneous breathing trial help in the prediction of post-extubation respiratory distress. Intensive Care Med 2012; 38:788-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s00134-012-2524-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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