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Castro-Vargas C, Oakeshott JG, Yeap HL, Lacey MJ, Lee SF, Park SJ, Taylor PW, Pandey G. Differential pheromone profile as a contributor to premating isolation between two sympatric sibling fruit fly species. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2024; 24:26. [PMID: 38913610 PMCID: PMC11195474 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieae066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) and Bactrocera neohumeralis (Hardy) are sibling fruit fly species that are sympatric over much of their ranges. Premating isolation of these close relatives is thought to be maintained in part by allochrony-mating activity in B. tryoni peaks at dusk, whereas in B. neohumeralis, it peaks earlier in the day. To ascertain whether differences in pheromone composition may also contribute to premating isolation between them, this study used solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to characterize the rectal gland volatiles of a recently collected and a more domesticated strain of each species. These glands are typical production sites and reservoirs of pheromones in bactrocerans. A total of 120 peaks were detected and 50 were identified. Differences were found in the composition of the rectal gland emissions between the sexes, species, and recently collected versus domesticated strains of each species. The compositional variation included several presence/absence and many quantitative differences. Species and strain differences in males included several relatively small alcohols, esters, and aliphatic amides. Species and strain differences in females also included some of the amides but additionally involved many fatty acid esters and 3 spiroacetals. While the strain differences indicate there is also heritable variation in rectal gland emissions within each species, the species differences imply that compositional differences in pheromones emitted from rectal glands could contribute to the premating isolation between B. tryoni and B. neohumeralis. The changes during domestication could also have significant implications for the efficacy of Sterile Insect Technique control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Castro-Vargas
- Environment, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Acton, ACT, Australia
- Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - John Graham Oakeshott
- Environment, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Acton, ACT, Australia
- Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Heng Lin Yeap
- Environment, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Acton, ACT, Australia
- Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael J Lacey
- National Collections and Marine Infrastructure, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Siu Fai Lee
- Environment, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Acton, ACT, Australia
- Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Soo Jean Park
- Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Fruit Fly Biosecurity Innovation, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Phillip Warren Taylor
- Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Fruit Fly Biosecurity Innovation, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
| | - Gunjan Pandey
- Environment, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Acton, ACT, Australia
- Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
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2
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Artificial diet alters activity and rest patterns in the olive fruit fly. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0274586. [PMID: 36802394 PMCID: PMC9943008 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Olive fruit flies, Bactrocera oleae (Diptera: Tephritidae) reared in the laboratory on an artificial diet are essential for the genetic control techniques against this pest. However, the colony's laboratory adaptation can affect the quality of the reared flies. We used the Locomotor Activity Monitor to track the activity and rest patterns of adult olive fruit flies reared as immatures in olives (F2-F3 generation) and in artificial diet (>300 generations). Counts of beam breaks caused by the adult fly activity were used as an estimation of its locomotor activity levels during the light and dark period. Bouts of inactivity with duration longer than five minutes were considered a rest episode. Locomotor activity and rest parameters were found to be dependent on sex, mating status and rearing history. In virgin flies reared on olives, males were more active than females and increased their locomotor activity towards the end of the light period. Mating decreased the locomotor activity levels of males, but not of female olive-reared flies. Laboratory flies reared on artificial diet had lower locomotor activity levels during the light period and more rest episodes of shorter duration during the dark period compared to flies reared on olives. We describe the diurnal locomotor activity patterns of B. oleae adults reared on olive fruit and on artificial diet. We discuss how locomotor activity and rest pattern differences may affect the laboratory flies' ability to compete with wild males in the field.
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Shelly TE, Manoukis NC. Mating Competitiveness of Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) Males From a Genetic Sexing Strain: Effects of Overflooding Ratio and Released Females. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 115:799-807. [PMID: 35446410 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toac027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), is a global pest that infests a range of fruit and vegetables. Males are attracted to methyl eugenol, and control is often achieved by the Male Annihilation Technique, where methyl eugenol + insecticide dispensers are deployed to eliminate males, preclude matings, and reduce population growth. The Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) has also been used to control B. dorsalis. The SIT involves the release of mass-reared, sterilized males to achieve matings with wild females, who then produce inviable eggs. Two key elements of SIT include the overflooding ratio achieved (sterile: wild males) and the strain type utilized, namely bisexual or genetically sexed (allowing male-only releases). Here, we describe the effects of these two factors on the mating competitiveness of a males from a genetic sexing strain of B. dorsalis, termed DTWP. Mating success was scored for DTWP versus wild males in field cages at ratios of 1:2, 1:1, 2:1, and 10:1 both when DTWP females were or were not concurrently released with DTWP males. Close correspondence was found between observed numbers of matings of particular male-female combinations and expected numbers based on the numbers of flies released of each sex and each strain. As a result, the proportion of total matings achieved by the DTWP across the eight treatments showed a corresponding increase with overflooding ratio. At a given ratio, DTWP males had a higher relative mating success when DTWP females were absent rather than present, although the reason for this was unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd E Shelly
- USDA-APHIS, 41-650 Ahiki Street, Waimanalo, HI 96795, USA
| | - Nicholas C Manoukis
- USDA-ARS, Daniel K. Inouye U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Hilo, HI 96720, USA
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Ahmed KA, Yeap HL, Pandey G, Lee SF, Taylor PW, Oakeshott JG. Population differences and domestication effects on mating and remating frequencies in Queensland fruit fly. Sci Rep 2022; 12:153. [PMID: 34997097 PMCID: PMC8741809 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04198-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Females of many insect species are unreceptive to remating for a period following their first mating. This inhibitory effect may be mediated by either the female or her first mate, or both, and often reflects the complex interplay of reproductive strategies between the sexes. Natural variation in remating inhibition and how this phenotype responds to captive breeding are largely unexplored in insects, including many pest species. We investigated genetic variation in remating propensity in the Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni, using strains differing in source locality and degree of domestication. We found up to threefold inherited variation between strains from different localities in the level of intra-strain remating inhibition. The level of inhibition also declined significantly during domestication, which implied the existence of genetic variation for this trait within the starting populations as well. Inter-strain mating and remating trials showed that the strain differences were mainly due to the genotypes of the female and, to a lesser extent, the second male, with little effect of the initial male genotype. Implications for our understanding of fruit fly reproductive biology and population genetics and the design of Sterile Insect Technique pest management programs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khandaker Asif Ahmed
- Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, 2109, Australia. .,CSIRO Land and Water, Black Mountain, ACT, 2601, Australia.
| | - Heng Lin Yeap
- CSIRO Land and Water, Black Mountain, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Gunjan Pandey
- CSIRO Land and Water, Black Mountain, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Siu Fai Lee
- Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, 2109, Australia. .,CSIRO Land and Water, Black Mountain, ACT, 2601, Australia.
| | - Phillip W Taylor
- Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - John G Oakeshott
- Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, 2109, Australia.,CSIRO Land and Water, Black Mountain, ACT, 2601, Australia
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5
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Shadmany J, Taylor PW, Yeap HL, Lee SF. Multi-locus genotyping of stored sperm reveals female remating rates in wild populations of the Queensland fruit fly. CURRENT RESEARCH IN INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 2:100040. [PMID: 36003266 PMCID: PMC9387433 DOI: 10.1016/j.cris.2022.100040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Stored sperm in female Queensland fruit flies genotyped for 10 genetic markers Remating detected in 26 of 48 (54.2 %) ovipositing females in the wild Significant difference in remating rate between 2 collections (80.0 vs 26.1%) First evidence for polyandry in wild female Queensland fruit flies
Female insects commonly have more than one mate during a breeding period (‘polyandry’), storing and using sperm from multiple males. In addition to its evolutionary significance, insect polyandry has practical implications for pest management that relies on the sterile insect technique (SIT). The Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt), is a major horticultural pest in Australia, and outbreaks are managed by SIT in some regions. The present study provides the first evidence for polyandry in female B. tryoni from field populations from New South Wales (NSW) and Queensland (QLD) through multi-locus genotyping (ten microsatellite markers in four fluorescent multiplexes) of the stored sperm in ovipositing females. Polyandry level was significantly higher in the NSW collection (80.0 %) than the QLD collection (26.1 %), suggesting substantial regional and/or temporal variation. These findings have important implications for the use of SIT to suppress B. tryoni populations and to eradicate outbreaks.
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Pérez J, Mendez V, Yuval B, Taylor PW. Domestication-related changes in sexual performance of Queensland fruit fly. INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 28:1491-1503. [PMID: 32965085 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) programs, massive numbers of insects are reared, sterilized, and released in the field to impede reproduction of pest populations. The domestication and rearing processes used to produce insects for SIT programs may have significant evolutionary impacts on life history and reproductive biology. We assessed the effects of domestication on sexual performance of laboratory reared Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni, by comparing an old (49 generations) and a young colony (5 generations). We evaluated mating propensity, mating latency, copula duration, sperm transfer, and ability to induce sexual inhibition in mates. Overall, both males and females from the old colony had greater mating propensity than those from the young colony. Copula duration was longer when females were from the old colony. There was no evidence of sexual isolation between the colonies as males and females from the two colonies had similar propensity to mate with flies from either colony. Males from the old colony transferred more sperm regardless of which colony their mate was from. Finally, males from both colonies were similarly able to induce sexual inhibition in their mates and were also similarly able to secure copulations with already-mated females. Positive effects of domestication on sperm transfer, coupled with maintained ability to induce sexual inhibition in mates and to secure copulations with previously mated females, highlights that domestication may have little effect, or even positive effects, on some aspects of sexual performance that may advantage mass-reared B. tryoni in SIT programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanneth Pérez
- Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
- Australian Research Council Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Fruit Fly Biosecurity Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Vivian Mendez
- Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
- Australian Research Council Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Fruit Fly Biosecurity Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Boaz Yuval
- Department of Entomology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Phillip W Taylor
- Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
- Australian Research Council Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Fruit Fly Biosecurity Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
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7
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Sánchez-Rosario M, Pérez-Staples D, Valle-Mora J, Sánchez-Guillén D, Ruiz-Montoya L, Liedo P. Does body size influence mating success? A morphometric study of two Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae) fruit fly species. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2021; 112:1-13. [PMID: 34538291 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485321000833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Male mating success depends on various traits and factors, and correctly identifying these traits can be key in the context of pest management. For tephritid pests, controlled through the sterile insect technique (SIT) traits, such as male size, can be manipulated through mass-rearing procedures. Thus, it is particularly important to understand whether male size can favor mating success. Here, we evaluated mating success of males of different sizes in Anastrepha ludens and Anastrepha obliqua, two species controlled through SIT. For both species, a morphometric analysis was performed of mated and unmated mass-reared and wild males in field cages. In both A. ludens and A. obliqua, wild females did not discriminate their mates based on male size and mated more frequently with wild males regardless of size. For mass-reared males, we found no evidence of an advantage of the large males compared to small males in mating success. However, we did find differences between the morphometric traits of mass-reared and wild males. In A. ludens, traits associated to mating success were Face Width (FW), Head Width (HW), Thorax Length (TL) and Wing Length (WL), and for A. obliqua were FW, HW, WL and WW (Wing Width). Overall, FW and TL were more consistent predictors of mating success. In conclusion, female choice seems to suggest multivariate selection, confirming that overall body size (expressed as pupal diameter, which is highly correlated with weight) is not a decisive factor in male mating success in these two species. However, morphological traits such as FW, HW, TL, WL and WW may be relevant in mating preference of wild female.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayren Sánchez-Rosario
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto, C.P. 30700, Tapachula, Chiapas, México
| | - Diana Pérez-Staples
- INBIOTECA, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. de las Culturas Veracruzanas, No.101, Col. E. Zapata, C.P. 91090, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Javier Valle-Mora
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto, C.P. 30700, Tapachula, Chiapas, México
| | - Daniel Sánchez-Guillén
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto, C.P. 30700, Tapachula, Chiapas, México
| | - Lorena Ruiz-Montoya
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Carretera Panamericana y Periférico Sur, Barrio María Auxiliadora, C.P. 29290, San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas, México
| | - Pablo Liedo
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Carretera Antiguo Aeropuerto, C.P. 30700, Tapachula, Chiapas, México
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8
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Inskeep JR, Taylor PW, Mainali B, Rempoulakis P, Weldon CW. Spatio-temporal distribution of sexual calling behaviour in domesticated, sterile and wild Queensland fruit fly males under field cage conditions. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:2522-2529. [PMID: 33460523 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sterile insect technique (SIT) is used in Australia to contain and eradicate outbreaks of Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in fruit-fly-free regions, and to manage populations in some endemic regions. To assess the likely impact of SIT on wild B. tryoni populations it is important to assess the colocation and synchrony of male calling between sterile and wild flies. We observed the location and timing of calling behaviours of marked mass-reared (fertile and sterile) and wild B. tryoni males in walk-in field cages. RESULTS We found that wild males called further from the canopy centre than mass-reared (fertile or sterile) males. Mass-reared (fertile or sterile) males called earlier in the evening than wild males and, consequently, mass-reared males called when temperature and light intensity were higher than when wild males called. CONCLUSION Male calling is a prerequisite to mating among dacine fruit flies. Therefore, our observations of spatio-temporal divergence in male calling behaviour may lead to assortative mating between mass-reared and wild B. tryoni in SIT applications. The importance of these spatio-temporal differences warrants further inquiry, with particular focus on how environmental conditions modify calling behaviour and avenues to ameliorate differences between sterile and wild flies. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jess R Inskeep
- Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Australia
| | - Phillip W Taylor
- Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Australia
| | - Bishwo Mainali
- Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Australia
| | - Polychronis Rempoulakis
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Central Coast Primary Industries Centre, Gosford, Australia
| | - Christopher W Weldon
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
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9
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Yeap HL, Lee SF, Robinson F, Mourant RG, Sved JA, Frommer M, Papanicolaou A, Edwards OR, Oakeshott JG. Separating two tightly linked species-defining phenotypes in Bactrocera with hybrid recombinant analysis. BMC Genet 2020; 21:132. [PMID: 33339498 PMCID: PMC7747370 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-020-00936-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bactrocera tryoni and Bactrocera neohumeralis mate asynchronously; the former mates exclusively around dusk while the latter mates during the day. The two species also differ in the colour of the post-pronotal lobe (callus), which is predominantly yellow in B. tryoni and brown in B. neohumeralis. We have examined the genetic relationship between the two characters in hybrids, backcrosses and multigeneration hybrid progeny. Results Our analysis of the mating time of the parental species revealed that while B. tryoni mate exclusively at dusk, B. neohumeralis females pair with B. neohumeralis males during the day and with B. tryoni males at dusk. We found considerable variance in mating time and callus colour among hybrid backcross individuals of both sexes but there was a strong although not invariant trend for callus colour to co-segregate with mating time in both sexes. To genetically separate these two phenotypes we allowed the interspecific F1 hybrids to propagate for 25 generations (F25) without selection for mating time or callus colour, finding that the advanced hybrid population had moved towards B. tryoni phenotypes for both traits. Selection for day mating in replicate lines at F25 resulted in significant phenotypic shifts in both traits towards B. neohumeralis phenotypes in F26. However, we were unable to completely recover the mating time profile of B. neohumeralis and relaxation of selection for day mating led to a shift back towards dusk mating, but not yellow callus colour, by F35. Conclusion We conclude that the inheritance of the two major species-defining traits is separable but tightly linked and involves more than one gene in each case. It also appears that laboratory conditions select for the B. tryoni phenotypes for mating time. We discuss our findings in relation to speciation theory and the likely effects of domestication during the generation of mass release strains for sterile insect control programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Lin Yeap
- CSIRO Land and Water, Black Mountain, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.
| | - Siu Fai Lee
- CSIRO Land and Water, Black Mountain, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.,Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Freya Robinson
- CSIRO Land and Water, Black Mountain, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Roslyn G Mourant
- CSIRO Land and Water, Black Mountain, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - John A Sved
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Marianne Frommer
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Alexie Papanicolaou
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, Sydney, NSW, 2753, Australia
| | - Owain R Edwards
- CSIRO Land and Water, Black Mountain, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.,Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - John G Oakeshott
- CSIRO Land and Water, Black Mountain, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.,Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
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10
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Adnan SM, Farhana I, Inskeep JR, Rempoulakis P, Taylor PW. Accelerated Sexual Maturation in Methoprene-Treated Sterile and Fertile Male Queensland Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), and Mosquito Larvicide as an Economical and Effective Source of Methoprene. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 112:2842-2849. [PMID: 31400195 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toz214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Queensland fruit flies Bactrocera tryoni ('Q-fly') have long adult prereproductive development periods, which can present challenges for sterile insect technique (SIT) programs. Holding the sterile flies in release facilities is expensive for control programs. Alternatively, releases of sexually immature males can lead to substantial mortality of sterile males before they mature. Recent studies have reported effectiveness of dietary supplementation with a mosquito larvicide (NOMOZ) that contains S-methoprene, a juvenile hormone analogue, for accelerating sexual development of fertile Q-fly males. However, it is not known whether effects on sterile flies are comparable to effects on fertile flies, or whether effects of methoprene-containing larvicide are comparable to effects of analytical standard methoprene such has been used in most studies. Here we address both knowledge gaps, investigating the effects of analytical standard methoprene and NOMOZ mixed with food and provided for 48 h following emergence on sexual development and longevity of fertile and sterile Q-flies. Compared with controls, fertile and sterile male Q-flies that were provided diets supplemented with methoprene from either source exhibited substantially accelerated sexual development by 2-3 d and longer mating duration. Unlike males, females did not respond to methoprene treatment. Although fertile and sterile flies were generally similar in sexual development and response to methoprene treatment, sterile flies of both sexes tended to have shorter copula duration than fertile flies. Neither methoprene supplements nor sterilization affected longevity of flies. The present study confirms effectiveness of dietary methoprene supplements in accelerating sexual development of both fertile and sterile male (but not female) Q-flies, and also confirms that low-cost mosquito larvicides that contain methoprene can achieve effects similar to those for high-cost analytical grade methoprene as prerelease supplements for Q-fly SIT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iffat Farhana
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia
| | - Jess R Inskeep
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Phillip W Taylor
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, Australia
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11
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Pérez J, Park SJ, Taylor PW. Domestication modifies the volatile emissions produced by male Queensland fruit flies during sexual advertisement. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16503. [PMID: 30405136 PMCID: PMC6220308 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34569-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Insects commonly undergo substantial changes during adaptation for laboratory or mass-rearing environments (‘domestication’) that may have significant implications for inferences from laboratory studies and utility for biological control. We assessed the effect of domestication on the amount and blend of volatiles released during sexual calling by laboratory-reared Bactrocera tryoni males using colonies from three regions of Australia: Brisbane, Cairns and Sydney. For each region, volatiles released by males from a young colony (five or fewer generations) and an old colony (20+ generations) during sexual calling was compared. Males from old colonies released more volatiles than males from young colonies. All components of the blend were more abundant in one or more of the older colonies, although differences varied by compound and by region. To assess changes over generations, the young and old colonies obtained from Brisbane were sampled at 5, 12 and 15 generations (young colony) and 25, 35 and 38 generations (old colony). While the old colony remained unchanged, flies from the young colony released more volatiles at each sequential sampling episode, and became increasingly similar to the old colony. Increased volatile production during domestication may be an adaptive response to crowded rearing conditions in which males need to overcome a chemically noisy environment to be sexually successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanneth Pérez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia. .,Australian Research Council Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Fruit Fly Biosecurity Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
| | - Soo Jean Park
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.,Australian Research Council Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Fruit Fly Biosecurity Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Phillip W Taylor
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.,Australian Research Council Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Fruit Fly Biosecurity Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
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12
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The effect of captive breeding upon adult thermal preference in the Queensland fruit fly (Bactrocera tryoni). J Therm Biol 2018; 78:290-297. [PMID: 30509650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The Queensland fruit fly (Bactrocera tryoni) is a generalist pest that poses a significant threat to the Australian horticultural industry. This species has become broadly established across latitudes that encompass tropical to temperate climates, and hence populations occupy diverse thermal niches. Successful expansion across this range may have been brokered by evolutionarily labile features of breeding phenology, physiology and/or behaviour. We explored the potential role of behavioural flexibility by characterizing variation in adult thermal preference using a novel gradient apparatus. Flies oriented within this apparatus essentially at random in the absence of thermal variation, but sought and maintained precise positions when presented with an established gradient. Male and female flies from an 'old' colony (>300 generations) and a 'young' (F7) colony were compared. Whereas we found no difference between the sexes, flies from the young colony preferred higher temperatures (30.93 ± 7.30 °C) and had greater individual variation than their counterparts from the old colony (28.16 ± 5.63 °C). Given that B. tryoni are routinely maintained at 25 °C in the laboratory, a lower mean preference of the old colony is consistent with thermal adaptation. This is further supported by their reduced phenotypic variance, which follows as a logical consequence of stabilising selection given long-term environmental constancy. These results demonstrate that B. tryoni seek to thermoregulate via adult behaviour, and that individual temperature preference can be precisely measured using a gradient apparatus. The evidence for adaptive tuning of this behaviour has importance for both the design of captive rearing protocols as well as the prediction of invasive potential and species biogeography under future climatic variation.
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Leftwich PT, Bolton M, Chapman T. Evolutionary biology and genetic techniques for insect control. Evol Appl 2016; 9:212-30. [PMID: 27087849 PMCID: PMC4780389 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The requirement to develop new techniques for insect control that minimize negative environmental impacts has never been more pressing. Here we discuss population suppression and population replacement technologies. These include sterile insect technique, genetic elimination methods such as the release of insects carrying a dominant lethal (RIDL), and gene driving mechanisms offered by intracellular bacteria and homing endonucleases. We also review the potential of newer or underutilized methods such as reproductive interference, CRISPR technology, RNA interference (RNAi), and genetic underdominance. We focus on understanding principles and potential effectiveness from the perspective of evolutionary biology. This offers useful insights into mechanisms through which potential problems may be minimized, in much the same way that an understanding of how resistance evolves is key to slowing the spread of antibiotic and insecticide resistance. We conclude that there is much to gain from applying principles from the study of resistance in these other scenarios - specifically, the adoption of combinatorial approaches to minimize the spread of resistance evolution. We conclude by discussing the focused use of GM for insect pest control in the context of modern conservation planning under land-sparing scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip T. Leftwich
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichUK
| | - Michael Bolton
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichUK
| | - Tracey Chapman
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichUK
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Taylor ML, Price TA, Wedell N. Polyandry in nature: a global analysis. Trends Ecol Evol 2014; 29:376-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Scharf I, Martin OY. Same-sex sexual behavior in insects and arachnids: prevalence, causes, and consequences. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-013-1610-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Sirot LK, Brockmann HJ, Lapointe SL. Male postcopulatory reproductive success in the beetle, Diaprepes abbreviatus. Anim Behav 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2006.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Weldon CW. Influence of male aggregation size on female visitation in Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-6055.2007.00587.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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