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Tsai CR, Lee HF, Chi CS, Yang MT, Hsu CC. Antisense oligonucleotides modulate dopa decarboxylase function in aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency. Hum Mutat 2018; 39:2072-2082. [PMID: 30260058 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency (AADCD), attributed to mutations in the dopa decarboxylase (DDC) gene, is a rare neurometabolic disease resulting from a defect in the biosynthesis of dopamine and serotonin. The DDC c.714+4A>T mutation is the most prevalent mutation among patients with AADCD, and is also a founder mutation among Taiwanese patients. In this study, the molecular consequences and function of this mutation were examined in AADCD patient-derived lymphoblastoid cells. We identified novel DDC mRNA isoforms spliced with a new exon (exon 6a) in normal and c.714+4A>T lymphoblastoid cells. In addition, we identified the SR proteins (SRSF9 and SRSF6), as well as cis-elements involved in modulating the splicing of this mutated transcript. Notably, we demonstrated that antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) were able to restore the normal mRNA splicing and increase the level of DDC protein, as well as its downstream product serotonin, in lymphoblastoid cells derived from the patient with AADCD, suggesting that these ASOs might represent a feasible alternative strategy for gene therapy of AADCD in patients with the common c.714+4A>T mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ren Tsai
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 407, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Fen Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 407, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Shiang Chi
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Tung's Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Taichung, 435, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Te Yang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chi Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, 407, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
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Boutilier J, Moulton HM. Surface Plasmon Resonance-Based Concentration Determination Assay: Label-Free and Antibody-Free Quantification of Morpholinos. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1565:251-263. [PMID: 28364249 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6817-6_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is a physical process that allows label-free and real-time detection of biomolecular interactions. SPR provides a rapid and quantitative method for studying interactions of macromolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids. Antisense Morpholino oligomers are widely used to regulate gene expression and the US FDA has approved a Morpholino drug for treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Here, we describe an antibody-free, label-free, high-throughput, and walk-away SPR method for quantification of Morpholino compounds extracted from biological specimens. This provides a valuable way for determining pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of Morpholino oligomers in biological matrices for research and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Boutilier
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, 105 Magruder Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Hong M Moulton
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, 105 Magruder Hall, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
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Sun X, Marque LO, Cordner Z, Pruitt JL, Bhat M, Li PP, Kannan G, Ladenheim EE, Moran TH, Margolis RL, Rudnicki DD. Phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers suppress mutant huntingtin expression and attenuate neurotoxicity. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:6302-17. [PMID: 25035419 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion in the huntingtin (HTT) gene. Disease pathogenesis derives, at least in part, from the long polyglutamine tract encoded by mutant HTT. Therefore, considerable effort has been dedicated to the development of therapeutic strategies that significantly reduce the expression of the mutant HTT protein. Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) targeted to the CAG repeat region of HTT transcripts have been of particular interest due to their potential capacity to discriminate between normal and mutant HTT transcripts. Here, we focus on phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMOs), ASOs that are especially stable, highly soluble and non-toxic. We designed three PMOs to selectively target expanded CAG repeat tracts (CTG22, CTG25 and CTG28), and two PMOs to selectively target sequences flanking the HTT CAG repeat (HTTex1a and HTTex1b). In HD patient-derived fibroblasts with expanded alleles containing 44, 77 or 109 CAG repeats, HTTex1a and HTTex1b were effective in suppressing the expression of mutant and non-mutant transcripts. CTGn PMOs also suppressed HTT expression, with the extent of suppression and the specificity for mutant transcripts dependent on the length of the targeted CAG repeat and on the CTG repeat length and concentration of the PMO. PMO CTG25 reduced HTT-induced cytotoxicity in vitro and suppressed mutant HTT expression in vivo in the N171-82Q transgenic mouse model. Finally, CTG28 reduced mutant HTT expression and improved the phenotype of Hdh(Q7/Q150) knock-in HD mice. These data demonstrate the potential of PMOs as an approach to suppressing the expression of mutant HTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Sun
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
| | - Leonard O Marque
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
| | - Zachary Cordner
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
| | - Jennifer L Pruitt
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
| | - Manik Bhat
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
| | - Pan P Li
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
| | - Geetha Kannan
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
| | - Ellen E Ladenheim
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
| | - Timothy H Moran
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
| | - Russell L Margolis
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Neurology, and Program of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Dobrila D Rudnicki
- Division of Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Program of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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