Marcuzzi A, Vecchi Brumatti L, Caruso L, Copertino M, Davanzo R, Radillo O, Comar M, Monasta L. Presence of IL-9 in paired samples of human colostrum and transitional milk.
J Hum Lact 2013;
29:26-31. [PMID:
23277461 DOI:
10.1177/0890334412466958]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Human colostrum and breast milk are known to contain high levels of cytokines, cytokine receptors, and chemokines.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the presence and compare levels of soluble cytokines in paired samples of human colostrum and milk.
METHODS
Levels of 27 cytokines were measured in 9 paired samples of human colostrum (day 2 after delivery) and breast milk (day 4 or 5 after delivery) by using multiplex technology.
RESULTS
The majority of cytokines and chemokines investigated have been previously described in colostrum and/or breast milk. For the first time, we describe the presence of IL-9 in both human colostrum and milk. Of the 27 cytokines investigated, only IL-5 was absent in both colostrum and milk, whereas IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-15, IL-17, and MIP-1α were present in colostrum, but not in breast milk. In general, colostrum contained higher concentrations of cytokines with respect to human milk.
CONCLUSION
Our data confirm and expand previous studies showing that human colostrum and breast milk are rich in cytokines and chemokines, including IL-9, which might contribute to the development of the immune system of the newborn.
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