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Merve D, Irfan A, Tugba DKN, Inci SE. Determination of the roles of cADPR and NAADP as intracellular calcium mobilizing messengers in S1P-induced contractions in rat bladders having IC/PBS. Life Sci 2023; 322:121651. [PMID: 37023954 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS) is characterized by lower abdominal pain and increased frequency and urgency of urine. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid that plays role in calcium homeostasis in smooth muscle. The intracellular calcium mobilizing secondary messengers are also involved in smooth muscle contraction. The role of intracellular calcium storing depots in S1P-induced contraction was investigated in permeabilized detrusor smooth muscle having cystitis. MAIN METHODS IC/PBS was induced by cyclophosphamide injection. The detrusor smooth muscle strips isolated from rats were permeabilized with β-escin. KEY FINDINGS S1P-induced contraction was increased in cystitis. S1P-induced enhanced contraction was inhibited by cyclopiazonic acid, ryanodine and heparin showing involvement of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium stores. Inhibition of S1P-induced contraction by bafilomycin and NAADP suggested the participation of lysosome-related organelles. SIGNIFICANCE IC/PBS triggers S1P-induced increase in intracellular calcium from SR and lysosome-related organelles in permeabilized detrusor smooth muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denizalti Merve
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Anjum Irfan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Sahin-Erdemli Inci
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Wróbel A, Juszczak K, Adamowicz J, Drewa T, Dudka J. The influence of Potentilla chinensis aqueous extract on urinary bladder function in retinyl acetate-induced detrusor overactivity in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 132:110861. [PMID: 33113423 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION & OBJECTIVES In overactive bladder (OAB) therapy several herbal medicines presented promising effects, however the results are sparse to provide their efficacy. Herbals may become a popular alternative for OAB therapy. Therefore, we investigated whether Potentilla chinensis extract (PCE) would reverse retinyl acetate (RA)-induced detrusor overactivity (DO). MATERIAL & METHODS 60 rats were divided into 4 groups, as follows: I - control, II - rats with RA-induced DO, III - rats received PCE in dose of 500 mg/kg, and IV - rats with RA-induced DO which received PCE. PCE or vehicle were administered orally for 14 days. The cystometry and bladder blood flow assessment were performed 3 days after the last dose of the PCE. Then the rats were put into the metabolic cages for 24 h. Next, urothelium thickness measurement and biochemical analyses were performed. < /p><p> Results. Intravesical infusion of RA solution induced DO. PCE had no influence on the urinary bladder function and micturition cycles in normal rats. PCE diminished the severity of RA-induced DO. In the urothelium the RA induced the elevation of ATP, CGRP, substance P, VEGF-A, OTC3, and ERK1/2. The concentration of NOS2, CDH1, and ZO1 decreased. Moreover, RA affected the concentration of SNARE proteins (increased concentration of SNAP23, SNAP25, and SV2A). Also in detrusor the elevated level of ROCK1 and VAChT were observed. In turn, PCE in RA-induced DO caused a reversal of the described biochemical changes within urothelium, detrusor muscle and urine. < /p><p> Conclusions. PCE attenuates detrusor overactivity. The potential mechanisms of action of PCE in the urinary bladder seem to be multifactorial and complex. PCE seems to become a reasonable novel OAB therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Wróbel
- Second Department of Gynaecology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Kajetan Juszczak
- Department of General and Oncologic Urology, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Jan Adamowicz
- Chair of Urology, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Drewa
- Department of General and Oncologic Urology, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland; Department of General and Oncological Urology, Nicolaus Copernicus Hospital, Torun, Poland
| | - Jarosław Dudka
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Inhibition of Rho kinase by GSK 269962 reverses both corticosterone-induced detrusor overactivity and depression-like behaviour in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 837:127-136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Denizalti M, Durlu-Kandilci NT, Simsek G, Bozkurt TE, Sahin-Erdemli I. Rho Kinase and Protein Kinase C Pathways are Responsible for Enhanced Carbachol Contraction in Permeabilized Detrusor in a Rat Model of Cystitis. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2018; 123:567-576. [PMID: 29786956 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Interstitial cystitis is a syndrome characterized by detrusor overactivity and chronic inflammation of the bladder. The mechanisms responsible for the altered smooth muscle contractility remain poorly understood. The aim of the study was to investigate the role of intracellular signalling pathways in carbachol-induced detrusor contraction in a rat model of interstitial cystitis. Cyclophosphamide (150 mg/kg, dissolved in saline) was injected to rats (Sprague-Dawley, female, 200-250 g) intraperitoneally once a day on days 1, 4 and 7 to induce interstitial cystitis. Control groups were injected with saline (0.9% NaCl). Detrusor smooth muscle strips were mounted in 1-ml organ baths containing HEPES-buffered modified Krebs' solution and permeabilized with 40 μM β-escin for 30 min. Carbachol-induced contractions were significantly increased from 21.2 ± 1.6% (saline-treated) to 44 ± 4.4% in cyclophosphamide-treated group. The Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632 (8.8 ± 2%) and the protein kinase C inhibitor GF-109203X (11.7 ± 2.8%) inhibited the increased contractile response (44 ± 4.4%) in rats with cystitis. The increased carbachol-induced contraction (44 ± 4.4%) was also significantly inhibited by the sarcoplasmic reticulum ryanodine channel blocker ryanodine (25.8 ± 3.2%) and the sarcoplasmic reticulum IP3 receptor blocker heparin (17.2 ± 2.2%) in cystitis. RhoA protein levels in the bladder of cyclophosphamide-treated rats were significantly increased while pan-protein kinase C (α, β and γ isoforms) protein expression was unaltered between experimental groups. Carbachol-induced calcium sensitization at constant and clamped calcium (pCa 6) was also increased in cystitis (from 15.8 ± 2.2% to 24.7 ± 2.8%). This increased response (24.7 ± 2.8%) was significantly inhibited by both Y-27632 (7.9 ± 0.7%) and GF-109203X (4.4 ± 1.5%). We conclude that interstitial cystitis is characterized by an enhanced carbachol contractile response as well as by calcium sensitization of the detrusor smooth muscle. Activation of Rho kinase and protein kinase C pathways may be the molecular culprits responsible for the augmented muscarinic response observed in cystitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Denizalti
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Gul Simsek
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Turgut Emrah Bozkurt
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Inci Sahin-Erdemli
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Anjum I, Denizalti M, Kandilci HB, Durlu-Kandilci NT, Sahin-Erdemli I. Enhancement of S1P-induced contractile response in detrusor smooth muscle of rats having cystitis. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 814:343-351. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Akaihata H, Nomiya M, Matsuoka K, Koguchi T, Hata J, Haga N, Kushida N, Ishibashi K, Aikawa K, Kojima Y. Protective Effect of a Rho-kinase Inhibitor on Bladder Dysfunction in a Rat Model of Chronic Bladder Ischemia. Urology 2017; 111:238.e7-238.e12. [PMID: 29051005 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of fasudil, a Rho-kinase inhibitor, on chronic ischemia-related bladder dysfunction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats (16 weeks old) were divided into control, chronic bladder ischemia (CBI), and CBI with fasudil treatment (CBI-Fa) groups. The CBI and CBI-Fa groups underwent balloon endothelial injury of bilateral iliac arteries and received a 2% cholesterol diet for 8 weeks after the procedure to induce CBI. The CBI-Fa group was given oral fasudil (30 mg/kg/day) using zonde for 8 weeks after the procedure. The control group received a regular diet for 8 weeks. After cystometry in a conscious state, rats from each group were euthanized, and the bladders and common iliac arteries were harvested for pharmacologic and histologic examination. RESULTS Mean wall thickness of the common iliac arteries was significantly greater in the CBI group than in controls. Contractile responses of muscle strips were significantly lower in CBI group rats than in controls. In the CBI group, micturition interval was significantly shorter, and bladder capacity was significantly lower compared with those in controls. In the CBI-Fa group, arterial wall thickening was significantly suppressed compared with the CBI group. Significant improvements in muscle strip contractility and cystometric parameters were seen in the CBI-Fa group compared with the CBI group. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that chronic treatment with fasudil could prevent neointimal formation in arteries and bladder dysfunction in this rat model. Fasudil may be therapeutically useful in protecting bladder function in chronically ischemic bladders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Akaihata
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Japan.
| | - Masanori Nomiya
- Division of Bioengineering and LUTD Research Nihon University School of Engineering, Koriyama City, Japan; National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu City, Japan
| | - Kanako Matsuoka
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Koguchi
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Japan
| | - Junya Hata
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Haga
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Kushida
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Japan
| | - Kei Ishibashi
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Japan
| | - Ken Aikawa
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kojima
- Department of Urology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima City, Japan
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Wróbel A, Doboszewska U, Rechberger E, Rojek K, Serefko A, Poleszak E, Skalicka-Woźniak K, Dudka J, Wlaź P. Rho kinase inhibition ameliorates cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis in rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2017; 390:613-619. [PMID: 28220212 PMCID: PMC5411406 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-017-1361-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hemorrhagic cystitis often develops in patients treated with cyclophosphamide (CYP). Studies have indicated that Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitors may suppress detrusor overactivity symptoms and possess anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether inhibition of ROCK reduces cystometric and histopathological changes associated with CYP-induced cystitis. The rats received GSK 269962, a ROCK inhibitor, at a dose of 30 mg/kg daily, or vehicle for 7 days. Then, acute chemical cystitis leading to bladder overactivity was induced by CYP injection (200 mg/kg i.p.). Following CYP injection, cystometric studies with physiological saline were performed. Moreover, bladder edema (by the Evans Blue dye leakage technique) and urothelium thickness were measured. CYP injection resulted in a significant increase in cystometric parameters: basal pressure, threshold pressure, bladder contraction duration, relaxation time, detrusor overactivity index, non-voiding contractions amplitude, and non-voiding contractions frequency as well as increased Evans Blue extravasation into bladder tissue, whereas micturition voiding pressure, voided volume, post-void residual, volume threshold, intercontraction interval, bladder compliance, and volume threshold to elicit non-voiding contractions as well as urothelium thickness were significantly decreased in CYP-injected rats. Administration of GSK 269962 normalized the abovementioned CYP injection-induced changes. Inhibition of ROCK was found to ameliorate CYP-induced detrusor overactivity and bladder inflammation. Our data indicate uroprotective effects following ROCK inhibition, which further suggests that this strategy may become an interesting pharmacological tool to prevent urinary adverse effects in patients treated with chemotherapy using CYP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Wróbel
- Second Department of Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Urszula Doboszewska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewa Rechberger
- Second Department of Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
| | - Karol Rojek
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Serefko
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewa Poleszak
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Krystyna Skalicka-Woźniak
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jarosław Dudka
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Wlaź
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
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Wróbel A, Rechberger T. The influence of Rho-kinase inhibition on acetic acid-induced detrusor overactivity. Neurourol Urodyn 2015; 36:263-270. [PMID: 26546786 DOI: 10.1002/nau.22918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Accumulating evidence has shown that Rho-kinase (ROCK) is involved in the regulation of bladder contraction. Our objective was to examine whether the ROCK inhibitor, GSK 269962, could prevent acetic acid (AA)-induced detrusor overactivity and to assess its influence on urine production (UP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP). METHODS The bladder was catheterized from the external urethral orifice. 0.25 % (AA) solution was infused into the bladder for 5 min. In the same session a catheter was inserted into the apex of the bladder dome. In order to measure the blood pressure, the carotid artery was cannulated. Three days after the intravesical instillation of AA, the ROCK-GSK 269962 inhibitor was administered in a single dose of 10 mg/kg and a cystometry was carried out, along with a 24 hr measurement of UP and MAP. RESULTS GSK 269962 reversed the changes induced by AA causing a drop in basal pressure, threshold pressure, micturition voiding pressure, bladder contraction duration, relaxation time, detrusor overactivity index, amplitude, and frequency of nonvoiding contractions while an increase in voided volume, post-void residual, volume threshold, voiding efficiency, intercontraction interval, bladder compliance, and volume threshold to elicit nonvoiding contractions. ROCK inhibition did not show any significant changes in UP and MAP. DISCUSSION The results obtained indicate that ROCK inhibition may ameliorate AA-induced bladder overactivity. CONCLUSION ROCK inhibitors appear to represent a potentially attractive pharmacological option for the treatment of lower urinary tract disorders associated with changes in detrusor contractility. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:263-270, 2017. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Wróbel
- Second Department of Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Rechberger
- Second Department of Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Differential Response to Medical Therapy for Male Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms. CURRENT BLADDER DYSFUNCTION REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11884-015-0295-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Soler R, Neto JFN, Füllhase C, Simonetti R. Future Pharmacotherapies for Male Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms. CURRENT BLADDER DYSFUNCTION REPORTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11884-014-0231-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Akin Y, Bozkurt A, Erol HS, Halici M, Celebi F, Kapakin KAT, Gulmez H, Ates M, Coban A, Nuhoglu B. Impact of Rho-Kinase Inhibitor Hydroxyfasudil in Protamine Sulphate Induced Cystitis Rat Bladder. Low Urin Tract Symptoms 2014; 7:108-14. [PMID: 26663691 DOI: 10.1111/luts.12058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Revised: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of the present study was to evaluate anti-inflammatory effects of hydroxyfasudil in a protamine sulfate (PS) induced cystitis rat model. Additionally, we investigated prevention of bladder overactivity (BO), and tissue damage in these experiments. METHODS Animals were divided into four groups. In Groups 1 and 2, chemical induced cystitis model was created by administrating intravesical PS with PE50 catheter by the transurethral route. In Group 1, Rho-kinase inhibitor hydroxyfasudil was administered intaperitoneally, and in Group 2, subjects were administered a corresponding volume of saline in the same way. In Group 3, vehicle was administered intravesically and hydroxyfasudil was administrated intraperitoneally. Group 4 was a control Group, and the vehicle was administered intravesically and intraperitoneally. Micturition frequencies were recorded. Biochemical analyses were performed for oxidative stress, and pathological evaluations were investigated. In vitro contractions of bladder tissue strips were measured in tissue-bath. RESULTS There were significantly lower Lipid peroxidase levels and higher levels of Glutathione in Group 1 than Group 2 (P = 0.016, P = 0.001, respectively). There was generally more inflammation in Group 2 than the other groups as determined by microscopy. There were significantly higher frequencies of micturition, lower volume, and mean voided maximum urine output after PS administration in Groups 1 and 2. In vitro contraction responses of bladder strips to potassium chloride and acetylcholine were statistically higher in Group 2 than Groups 1 and 3. CONCLUSIONS Significant reduction of inflammation by affecting the anti-oxidant defense systems was provided by hydroxyfasudil. Decreased in vitro responses to contractions of bladder smooth muscle strips were obtained. Hydroxyfasudil may be a potential new therapeutic option for inflammation and BO, in rat bladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yigit Akin
- Department of Urology, Erzincan University School of Medicine, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Aliseydi Bozkurt
- Department of Urology, Erzincan University School of Medicine, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Huseyin S Erol
- Department of Biochemistry, Ataturk University School of Veterinary Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mesut Halici
- Department of Biochemistry, Ataturk University School of Veterinary Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fikret Celebi
- Department of Physiology, Ataturk University School of Veterinary Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Kubra A T Kapakin
- Department of Pathology, Ataturk University School of Veterinary Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hakan Gulmez
- Department of Family Medicine, Baskent University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mutlu Ates
- Department of Urology, Afyonkocatepe University School of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Abdulkadir Coban
- Department of Biochemistry, Erzincan Universty School of Medicine, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Baris Nuhoglu
- Department of Urology, Erzincan University School of Medicine, Erzincan, Turkey
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Vignozzi L, Filippi S, Comeglio P, Cellai I, Morelli A, Maneschi E, Sarchielli E, Gacci M, Carini M, Vannelli GB, Maggi M. Tadalafil effect on metabolic syndrome-associated bladder alterations: an experimental study in a rabbit model. J Sex Med 2014; 11:1159-72. [PMID: 24612540 DOI: 10.1111/jsm.12478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are often associated. Bladder detrusor hyper-contractility-a major LUTS determinant-is characterized by increased Ras homolog gene family, member A/Rho-associated protein kinase (RhoA/ROCK) signaling, which is often upregulated in MetS. AIM This study investigated the effects of tadalafil dosing on RhoA/ROCK signaling in bladder, in a rabbit model of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced MetS. METHODS Adult male rabbits feeding a HFD for 12 weeks. A subset of HFD animals was treated with tadalafil (2 mg/kg/day, 1 week: the last of the 12 weeks) and compared with HFD and control (feeding a regular diet) rabbits. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES In vitro contractility studies to evaluate the relaxant effect of the selective ROCK inhibitor, Y-27632, in carbachol precontracted bladder strips. Evaluation of RhoA activation by its membrane translocation. Immunohistochemistry for ROCK expression has been performed to evaluate ROCK expression in bladder from the different experimental groups. mRNA expression of inflammation, pro-fibrotic markers by quantitative RT-PCR has been performed to evaluate the effect of tadalafil on MetS-induced inflammation and fibrosis within the bladder. The in vitro effect of tadalafil on RhoA/ROCK signaling in bladder smooth muscle cells was evaluated by using chemotaxis assay. RESULTS Bladder strips from HFD rabbits showed hyper-responsiveness to Y-27632, indicating RhoA/ROCK overactivity in HFD bladder compared with matched controls. Accordingly, the fraction of activated (translocated to the membrane) RhoA as well as ROCK expression are increased in HFD bladder. Tadalafil dosing normalized HFD-induced bladder hypersensitivity to Y-27632, by reducing RhoA membrane translocation and ROCK overexpression. Tadalafil dosing reduced mRNA expression of inflammatory, pro-fibrotic, and hypoxia markers. A direct inhibitory effect of tadalafil on RhoA/ROCK signaling in bladder smooth muscle cell was demonstrated by using chemotaxis assay. Pre-treatment with tadalafil inhibited both basal and PDGF-induced migration of bladder smooth muscle cells. CONCLUSIONS Tadalafil dosing reduced RhoA/ROCK signaling and smooth muscle overactivity in an animal model of MetS-associated bladder alterations. Our findings suggest a novel mechanism of action of tadalafil in alleviating LUTS in MetS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Vignozzi
- Sexual Medicine and Andrology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Soler R, Andersson KE, Chancellor MB, Chapple CR, de Groat WC, Drake MJ, Gratzke C, Lee R, Cruz F. Future direction in pharmacotherapy for non-neurogenic male lower urinary tract symptoms. Eur Urol 2013; 64:610-21. [PMID: 23711541 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2013.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathophysiology of male lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) is highly complex and multifactorial. The shift in perception that LUTS are not sex or organ specific has not been followed by significant innovations regarding the available drug classes. OBJECTIVE To review pathophysiologic mechanisms and clinical and experimental data related to the development of new pharmacologic treatments for male LUTS. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION The PubMed database was used to identify articles describing experimental and clinical studies of pathophysiologic mechanisms contributing to male LUTS and, supported by them, new pharmacotherapies with clinical or experimental evidence in the field. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Several pathologic processes (eg, androgen signaling, inflammation, and metabolic factors) and targets (eg, the urothelium, prostate, interstitial cells, detrusor, neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, and receptors) have been implicated in male LUTS. Some newly introduced drugs, such as phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors and β3-adrenergic agonists, have just started broad use in clinical practice. Drugs with potential benefit, such as vitamin D3 receptor analogs, gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonists, cannabinoids, and drugs injected into the prostate, have been evaluated in experimental studies and have progressed to clinical trials. However, safety and efficacy data for these drugs are still scarce. Some compounds with interesting profiles have only been tested in experimental settings (eg, transient receptor potential channel blockers, Rho-kinase inhibitors, purinergic receptor blockers, and endothelin-converting enzyme inhibitors). CONCLUSIONS New pathophysiologic mechanisms of male LUTS are described that lead to the continuous development of new pharmacotherapies. To date, few drugs have been added to the current armamentarium, and several are in various phases of clinical or experimental investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Soler
- Division of Urology, Federal University of São Paulo and Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
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Shimizu N, De Velasco MA, Umekawa T, Uemura H, Yoshikawa K. Effects of the Rho kinase inhibitor, hydroxyfasudil, on bladder dysfunction and inflammation in rats with HCl-induced cystitis. Int J Urol 2013; 20:1136-43. [PMID: 23419011 DOI: 10.1111/iju.12119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of the Rho kinase inhibitor, hydroxyfasudil, on bladder function in a rat model of HCl-induced chemical cystitis, and to elucidate the possible mechanisms associated with its therapeutic effect. METHODS Female Sprague-Dawley rats with HCl-induced cystitis were given hydroxyfasudil (10 mg/kg, i.p.) for 7 days. Treatment efficacy was determined by comparing bladder function and histopathology to sham and untreated control rats. Bladder function was determined by cystometric analysis. Rho kinase activity was determined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and signal inhibition of downstream Ras homolog member A/Rho kinase signaling molecules by western blot and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Treatment with hydroxyfasudil significantly improved bladder intercontraction intervals. Rats treated with hydroxyfasudil also showed a significant reduction of histopathological features associated with cystitis. Western blot and immunohistochemistry findings showed that hydroxyfasudil inhibited downstream molecules of Rho kinase that ameliorated changes associated with HCl-induced chemical cystitis, such as inflammatory cell recruitment and smooth muscle cell proliferation. CONCLUSION The findings from the present study suggest a promising therapeutic role for hydroxyfasudil in bladder inflammation associated with cystitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutaka Shimizu
- Department of Urology, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Hydroxyfasudil Ameliorates Bladder Dysfunction in Male Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Urology 2012; 79:1186.e9-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2011.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Revised: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Saito M, Ohmasa F, Shomori K, Dimitriadis F, Ohiwa H, Shimizu S, Tsounapi P, Kinoshita Y, Satoh K. Rhos and Rho kinases in the rat prostate: their possible functional roles and distributions. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 358:207-13. [PMID: 21720764 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-0936-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
As there is increasing evidence that Rho-Rho kinase (ROCK) pathway plays an important role in the proliferation and contraction in many tissues, we investigated the contractile role of a ROCK inhibitor, fasudil, and the distribution of RhoA, RhoB, RhoC, ROCK1, and ROCK2 in the rat prostate. Twelve-week-old Sprague-Dawley rat prostate was used in this study. Rat prostatic contractile responses induced by carbachol and norepinephrine were investigated in organ bath studies without or with 10(-7), 10(-6), and 10(-5) M of a non-selective ROCK inhibitor, fasudil. Immunoblot analysis and immunohistochemical staining were performed to investigate the participation levels of RhoA, RhoB, RhoC, ROCK1, and ROCK2. The E(max) values induced by carbachol and norepinephrine were similar in the rat prostate. Fasudil significantly inhibited carbachol- or norepinephrine-induced prostatic contractions in a dose-dependent manner. Fasudil 10(-5) M reduced the initial prostatic contraction (without fasudil) to 56.7 ± 5.9% for carbachol and to 45.7 ± 12.3% for norepinephrine. Amounts of RhoA, RhoB, RhoC, ROCK1, and ROCK2 were detected by immunoblot analysis in the prostate. Immunohistochemical study revealed that RhoA, RhoB, RhoC, ROCK1, and ROCK2 were all positive in the prostatic smooth muscle, while there were some differences of distributions of Immunoreactivities between these enzymes in the prostatic glandula. Our data indicated that rat prostate contains RhoA, RhoB, RhoC, ROCK1, and ROCK2, which play an important role in the autonomic nerve-mediated contractile responses in the prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoaki Saito
- Department of Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Science, Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Tottori University School of Medicine, 86 Nishimachi, Yonago 683-8503, Japan.
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