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Tian Q, Men F, Xu Y, Xian A. Atypical intrapapillary capillary loops in early-stage basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE ENFERMEDADES DIGESTIVAS 2024. [PMID: 38258792 DOI: 10.17235/reed.2024.10223/2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus (BSCCE) is rare and extremely difficult to identify at early stage.We herein presented a superficial depressed lesion at early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifei Tian
- Gastroenterology, Dongying People's Hospital, China
| | - Fangli Men
- Gastroenterology, Dongying People's Hospital, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Gastroenterology, Dongying People's Hospital, China
| | - Ailan Xian
- Gastroenterology, Dongying People's Hospital,
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2
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Jiang D, Wang H, Deng M, Song Q, Liu Y, Peng R, Xu L, Su J, Xu C, Hou Y. A comparative analysis of clinicopathological factors and survival between esophageal basaloid squamous cell carcinoma and conventional esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Eur J Surg Oncol 2022; 49:958-963. [PMID: 36588005 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2022.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recently, the number of diagnosed esophageal basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (EBSCC) has gradually increased. However, available data on EBSCC are limited to date. METHODS A total of 165 EBSCC (Cohort 1) and 515 conventional esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) (Cohort 2) were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS In Cohort 1, 70 cases only had invasive EBSCC component (42.4%, defined as Group 1), 73 cases had concomitant invasive ESCC component (44.2%, Group 2), and 22 had concomitant invasive poor-differentiated component (13.3%, Group 3). Lymph node metastasis rates of Group 3, Group 2 and Group 1 were ranked from high to low (P = 0.044). There were higher patient age (P = 0.047), smaller tumor size (P = 0.009), more nerve invasion (P < 0.001), and lower pTNM stage (P < 0.001) in EBSCC (Cohort 1), compared with ESCC (Cohort 2). In Cohort 1 and Cohort 2, pTNM stage was an independent prognostic factor for both DFS and OS. No significant survival difference was found between EBSCC (Cohort 1) and ESCC (Cohort 2) in pIA-B stage, pIIA-B stage, pIIIA-B stage and pIVA-B stage (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Our analysis of the largest EBSCC series from a single institution to date with conventional ESCC demonstrated that EBSCC carried a similar prognosis with ESCC in pIA-B stage, pIIA-B stage, pIIIA-B stage and pIVA-B stage. And pure EBSCC, didn't have poorer survival than mixed EBSCC with concomitant ESCC or other components. Our findings may be valuable in the better understanding of EBSCC's biological behaviors, and the related molecular mechanism is needed to be explored in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxian Jiang
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haixing Wang
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minying Deng
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Song
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Peng
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieakesu Su
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingyong Hou
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Xu Y, Zhao H, Tong Y, Wang W, Huang J, Zhu W. Comparative Analysis of Clinicopathological Characteristics, Survival Features, and Protein Expression Between Basaloid and Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Esophagus. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:3929-3939. [PMID: 34345181 PMCID: PMC8323856 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s314054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is a rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the esophagus. This study aimed to assess the discrepancy in clinicopathological characteristics and protein expression between esophageal BSCC and typical esophageal SCC. Study Design We reviewed 40 cases of esophageal BSCC. As controls, 63 well-differentiated SCC (WSCC) patients, 70 moderately differentiated SCC (MSCC) patients, and 51 poorly differentiated SCC (PSCC) patients were selected. The clinicopathologic characteristics and immunoreactivity of Ki-67, p53, p63, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) were then evaluated in the BSCC and typical SCC patients. Results The 5-year survival rates for the BSCC patients were 27.5%. The prognostic outcomes of the BSCC group were similar to those of the PSCC and MSCC groups but worse than that of the WSCC group, with a significant difference (P=0.045). Ki-67 expression was significantly higher in the BSCC group than that in the WSCC group (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, there were no significant differences in the expression of the other molecular markers (p53, p63, and EGFR) between the typical SCC and BSCC groups (P > 0.05). The median survival time of esophageal the BSCC patients with low p53 expression was significantly longer than that of the patients with high p53 expression (P=0.026). Further, the median survival time of the esophageal BSCC patients with high p63 expression was significantly longer than that of the patients with low p63 expression (P=0.041). Meanwhile, Ki-67 and EGFR expressions were not correlated with OS in the BSCC group. Conclusion Esophageal BSCC has a more clinically virulent course. Notably, p53 and p63 expression are associated with prognosis in BSCC. These findings conject that evaluation of multiple cancer biomarkers might be a promising auxiliary diagnostic indicator in BSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, 223300, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanyu Zhao
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, 223300, People's Republic of China
| | - Yusuo Tong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, 223300, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanwei Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, 223300, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, 223300, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiguo Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, 223300, People's Republic of China
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Shiratori Y, Kanomata N, Takagi K, Fukuda K. Esophageal basaloid squamous cell carcinoma presenting as a subepithelial lesion. Clin J Gastroenterol 2021; 14:1324-1328. [PMID: 34224084 DOI: 10.1007/s12328-021-01449-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus is rare and generally detected at advanced stage, and its prognosis is poorer than that of conventional esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Therefore, detection at the early stage is crucial for patient survival. We experienced an elevated esophageal basaloid squamous cell carcinoma presenting as a subepithelial tumor-like lesion. Although the lesion needed to be differentiated from subepithelial tumor, we diagnosed it as early stage and treated with endoscopic submucosal dissection. We report the macroscopic and microscopic findings of basaloid carcinoma through this case along with a review of the relevant literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutoshi Shiratori
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Luke's International Hospital, 9-1 Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-8340, Japan.
| | - Naoki Kanomata
- Department of Pathology, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Takagi
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Luke's International Hospital, 9-1 Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-8340, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Fukuda
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Luke's International Hospital, 9-1 Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-8340, Japan
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Song H, Tetangco E, Ton L, Barrett A, Yap JEL. Beyond Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Esophagus. Cureus 2021; 13:e12619. [PMID: 33585108 PMCID: PMC7872487 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.12619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is a poorly differentiated variant of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with distinct morphologic characteristics. Yet, there are no clearly defined guidelines established for management. BSCC in the esophagus is a very rare entity, with the proportion of esophageal BSCC ranging from 0.068% to 11%. This wide range is thought to be secondary to difficulty making the diagnosis on small biopsy specimens and the lack of a universally defined proportion of BSCC components necessary to make the diagnosis. We present the case of a 57-year-old African American female, who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) after an abnormal barium swallow in the setting of two months history of dysphagia and weight loss and was diagnosed with BSCC of the esophagus on histopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heeyah Song
- Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, USA
| | - Eula Tetangco
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, USA
| | - Loc Ton
- Gastroenterology, The Permante Medical Group, Sacramento, USA
| | - Amanda Barrett
- Pathology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, USA
| | - John Erikson L Yap
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, USA
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Kusafuka K, Yagi H, Baba S, Inagaki H, Tsuchiya C, Hirata K, Muramatsu A, Suzuki M, Arai K, Terada T. Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma with adenoid cystic-like features of the head and neck region: A report of two cases. Pathol Int 2020; 70:767-774. [PMID: 32667090 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The histology of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) can resemble that of adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC). Herein, we report two cases of BSCC with adenoid cystic-like features (BSCC-AdC). We collected cases of AdCC and BSCC of the head and neck region, extracted two cases with unusual histology, and reexamined them histologically and immunohistochemically. Case 1 involved an 81-year-old Japanese male, who had an elastic-hard mass on the left side of his tongue, and a biopsy examination suggested AdCC. Case 2 involved a 63-year-old Japanese male, who had a polypoid mass on his right hypopharynx. He was diagnosed with AdCC with high-grade transformation. Histologically, atypical cells in a myxoid stroma, which exhibited trabecular, nest-like, and/or cribriform growth patterns, and necrosis were observed in both cases. Case 2 displayed more marked cellular atypia than Case 1. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were diffusely positive for cytokeratin 5/6, p63/p40, SRY-related HMG-box 10 and Ki-67, but negative for other myoepithelial markers and p16. Finally, both cases were rediagnosed as BSCC-AdC. It is known that esophageal BSCC displays adenoid cystic-like features, and BSCC-AdC also sometimes occurs in the head and neck region. Clinicians should carefully differentiate BSCC-AdC from AdCC of the minor salivary glands and human papillomavirus-related carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haruna Yagi
- Department of Pathology, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan.,Department of Regeneration and Infection Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Baba
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Inagaki
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Nagoya City University, Aichi, Japan
| | | | - Kazuki Hirata
- Department of Pathology, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Aya Muramatsu
- Department of Pathology, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Makoto Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kazumori Arai
- Department of Pathology, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tadashi Terada
- Department of Pathology, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka, Japan
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Abstract
Submucosal glands (SMGs) present throughout human esophagus with clusters at either the upper third or lower third of the organ. SMGs tend to atrophy with age, and neoplasms arising in these glands are rare. In order to bring convenience to diagnosis, we summarize the histopathologic characteristics of all esophageal submucosal gland tumors (SGTs). Due to the morphological similarity, the nomenclature of salivary tumors is adopted for SGTs. However, there is great confusion about the definition and histogenesis of these tumors, especially the malignant subtypes. In the literature, esophageal mucoepidermoid carcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma usually adjoin the surface squamous epithelium and coexist with intraepithelial neoplasia or invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). In addition, the typical gene alterations of salivary tumors have not been reported in these SGTs. Therefore, we propose to apply stringent diagnostic criteria to esophageal SGTs so as to exclude mimickers that are SCCs with various degree of SMG differentiation.
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8
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A unique case of esophageal carcinosarcoma with histopathological diversities. HUMAN PATHOLOGY: CASE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ehpc.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Oguma J, Ozawa S, Kazuno A, Nitta M, Ninomiya Y, Tomita S. Clinicopahological features of superficial basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Dis Esophagus 2017; 30:1-5. [PMID: 28881881 DOI: 10.1093/dote/dox076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSC) of the esophagus is classified as an epithelial malignant tumor and is a rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Most previous reports have suggested that advanced BSC has a poorer prognosis than typical SCC because of its high biological malignancy, but the biological activity of superficial BSC remains unclear. Twenty cases of superficial BSC, which underwent surgical resection in Tokai University Hospital between January 2004 and December 2013, were analyzed retrospectively. Among these cases, 19 cases with a T1 depth of invasion (BSC group) were compared with 180 cases of SCC that were resected during the same period and were pathologically diagnosed as T1 (SCC group). The frequency of lymph node metastasis in the T1 BSC group was significantly lower (2 patients, 11%) than that in the SCC group (84 patients, 47%) (P = 0.005). The frequency of lymphatic invasion in the BSC group was also lower (9 patients, 47%) than that in the SCC group (131 patients, 73%) (P = 0.021). The pathological type of the metastatic lymph node was BSC in all the superficial BSC cases with lymph node metastasis. This study demonstrated that lymph node metastasis was less likely to occur in cases with superficial BSC than in cases with superficial SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Oguma
- Departments of Gastroenterological Surgery
| | - S Ozawa
- Departments of Gastroenterological Surgery
| | - A Kazuno
- Departments of Gastroenterological Surgery
| | - M Nitta
- Departments of Gastroenterological Surgery
| | - Y Ninomiya
- Departments of Gastroenterological Surgery
| | - S Tomita
- Pathology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
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Lee KH, Lee SJ, Kim HS, Kim SE, Choi SY, Lee HJ, Ha SH, Oh KH, Eom DW. A Case of Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Polypoid Type in the Esophagus. Case Rep Gastroenterol 2017; 11:559-563. [PMID: 29033778 PMCID: PMC5637102 DOI: 10.1159/000479312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus is very rare. Further, polypoid type of esophageal cancer is also rare. We have recently treated a case of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma which presented as a 1.3-cm esophageal polyp. A 48-year-old woman was referred to our hospital because of a polypoid mass at 36 cm distance from the upper incisor on endoscopic examination, and the result of the biopsy was basaloid squamous cell carcinoma. The patient underwent Ivor Lewis operation with lymph node dissection. Two basaloid squamous cell carcinomas, of 1.3 and 0.4 cm, were diagnosed in the final pathologic examination. Regular periodic follow-up showed no evidence of recurrence or metastasis in the 5-month postoperative period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Hun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangneung Asan Hospital, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Jin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangneung Asan Hospital, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangneung Asan Hospital, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Eun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangneung Asan Hospital, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Yong Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangneung Asan Hospital, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangneung Asan Hospital, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Hun Ha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangneung Asan Hospital, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Hoon Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Suncheon Hospital, Suncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Woon Eom
- Department of Pathology, Gangneung Asan Hospital, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
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Tada T, Honma R, Imai JI, Saze Z, Kogure M, Marubashi S, Tasaki K, Unakami M, Ezaki J, Tamura H, Nishikawa A, Hashimoto Y, Waguri S, Watanabe S, Gotoh M. A novel gene expression scoring system for accurate diagnosis of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Int J Oncol 2017; 51:877-886. [PMID: 28731134 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus (BSCE) is a rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma that is difficult to distinguish from other carcinomas by preoperative endoscopic biopsy because of its histological varieties. Accurate diagnosis is essential for adequate treatment, and the methods proposed so far (e.g., immunohistochemical staining) have limitations. In this study, we tried to identify the characteristic bundles of gene expression in BSCE using comprehensive gene expression analysis (CGEA). Subsequently, we constructed a gene expression scoring system for the proper diagnosis of BSCE. Fifty-seven surgical specimens, including seven BSCEs, obtained from 30 patients who underwent esophagectomy were used for constructing the scoring system. Three hundred and twelve biopsy specimens, including eight BSCEs, obtained from 80 patients and 20 commercially available formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimens diagnosed as esophageal cancer, including 13 BSCEs, were used for validation. After our original mathematical extraction algorithm, 75 genes were extracted to distinguish BSCE from non-BSCE. The cumulative converted values (gene expression score) of the respective 75 genes from each specimen were obtained and lined up in ascending order to assess the optimal gene expression cut-off score for a definitive diagnosis of BSCE. The validation of this scoring system showed high prediction of the biopsy specimens [area under the curve (AUC)=0.981; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.952‑1.000] and the commercially available FFPE specimens (AUC=0.901; 95% CI: 0.750-1.000). In conclusion, using CGEA in a gene expression scoring system helps in differentiating BSCE from non-BSCE with high accuracy and may contribute in improving BSCE treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Tada
- Department of Regenerative Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Reiko Honma
- Nippon Gene Co., Ltd., Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0054, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Imai
- Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Zenichiro Saze
- Department of Regenerative Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Michihiko Kogure
- Department of Regenerative Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Shigeru Marubashi
- Department of Regenerative Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tasaki
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | | | - Junji Ezaki
- Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Hirosumi Tamura
- Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | | | - Yuko Hashimoto
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Satoshi Waguri
- Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Shinya Watanabe
- Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Mitsukazu Gotoh
- Department of Regenerative Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
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Cho KJ, Jeong SU, Kim SB, Lee SW, Choi SH, Nam SY, Kim SY. Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: Subclassification into Basal, Ductal, and Mixed Subtypes Based on Comparison of Clinico-pathologic Features and Expression of p53, Cyclin D1, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor, p16, and Human Papillomavirus. J Pathol Transl Med 2017; 51:374-380. [PMID: 28593937 PMCID: PMC5525034 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2017.03.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is a rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma with distinct pathologic characteristics. The histogenesis of BSCC is not fully understood, and the cancer has been suggested to originate from a totipotent primitive cell in the basal cell layer of the surface epithelium or in the proximal duct of secretory glands. Methods Twenty-six cases of head and neck BSCC from Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea, reported during a 14-year-period were subclassified into basal, ductal, and mixed subtypes according to the expression of basal (cytokeratin [CK] 5/6, p63) or ductal markers (CK7, CK8/18). The cases were also subject to immunohistochemical study for CK19, p53, cyclin D1, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and p16 and to in situ hybridization for human papillomavirus (HPV), and the results were clinico-pathologically compared. Results Mixed subtype (12 cases) was the most common, and these cases showed hypopharyngeal predilection, older age, and higher expression of CK19, p53, and EGFR than other subtypes. The basal subtype (nine cases) showed frequent comedo-necrosis and high expression of cyclin D1. The ductal subtype (five cases) showed the lowest expression of p53, cyclin D1, and EGFR. A small number of p16- and/or HPV-positive cases were not restricted to one subtype. BSCC was the cause of death in 19 patients, and the average follow-up period for all patients was 79.5 months. Overall survival among the three subtypes was not significantly different. Conclusions The results of this study suggest a heterogeneous pathogenesis of head and neck BSCC. Each subtype showed variable histology and immunoprofiles, although the clinical implication of heterogeneity was not determined in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Ja Cho
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se Un Jeong
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Bae Kim
- Department of Medical Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Wook Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Ho Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soon Yuhl Nam
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Yoon Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Hsu JD, Wu CC, Hung CN, Wang CJ, Huang HP. Myrciaria cauliflora extract improves diabetic nephropathy via suppression of oxidative stress and inflammation in streptozotocin-nicotinamide mice. J Food Drug Anal 2016; 24:730-737. [PMID: 28911610 PMCID: PMC9337277 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Myrciaria cauliflora is a functional food rich in anthocyanins, possessing antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. Our previous results demonstrated M. cauliflora extract (MCE) had beneficial effects in diabetic nephropathy (DN) and via the inhibition of Ras/PI3K/Akt and kidney fibrosis-related proteins. The purpose of this study was to assess the benefit of MCE in diabetes associated with kidney inflammation and glycemic regulation in streptozotocin–nicotinamide (STZ/NA)-induced diabetic mice. Compared with the untreated diabetic group, MCE significantly improved blood glucose and serum biochemical characteristic levels. Exposure to MCE increased antioxidative enzyme activity and diminished reactive oxygen synthesis. Mice receiving MCE supplementation had reduced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) levels compared to the untreated diabetic mice. Inflammatory and fibrotic related proteins such as collagen IV, fibronectin, Janus kinase (JAK), phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), protein kinase C beta (PKC-β), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) were also inhibited by MCE treatment in STZ/NA mice. These results suggest that MCE may be used as a hypoglycemic agent and antioxidant in Type 2 diabetic mice.
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Sato-Kuwabara Y, Fregnani JHTG, Jampietro J, Carvalho KC, Franco CP, da Costa WL, Coimbra FJF, Soares FA. Comparative analysis of basaloid and conventional squamous cell carcinomas of the esophagus: prognostic relevance of clinicopathological features and protein expression. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:6691-9. [PMID: 26649862 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4551-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC), a variant of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), is a rare and aggressive epithelial malignancy which has been reported in only 0.1-11 % of primary esophageal carcinomas. In this study, a comparison of clinicopathological features and protein expression between esophageal BSCC (EBSCC) and conventional esophageal SCC (ESCC) cases from Brazil was performed in order to find factors that can be relevant to better characterize EBSCC. The expression of HER2, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Ki-67, and cyclins (A, B1, and D1) in 111 cases (95 ESCC and 16 EBSCC) was evaluated by immunohistochemistry using tissue microarray. When the clinicopathological data were compared, no significant difference was found between the two histological types. Although the difference is not significant (p = 0.055), the EGFR expression was more frequent in the conventional ESCC than in the EBSCC group. Our results indicate that the clinicopathological profiles of conventional ESCC and EBSCC are similar and provide no indicators for differences in prognosis between these two groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukie Sato-Kuwabara
- International Research Center, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Taguá, 440 Liberdade, São Paulo, SP, 01508-010, Brazil.
| | - José Humberto T G Fregnani
- Gynecologic Oncology Department, Fundação Pio XII, Hospital do Câncer de Barretos, Rua Antenor Duarte Villela, 1331, Barretos, SP, 14784-400, Brazil
| | - Juliano Jampietro
- International Research Center, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Taguá, 440 Liberdade, São Paulo, SP, 01508-010, Brazil
| | - Katia Cândido Carvalho
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, São Paulo, SP, 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Carolina Parucce Franco
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Antônio Prudente, 211, 1o. andar, São Paulo, SP, 01509-010, Brazil
| | - Wilson Luís da Costa
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Antônio Prudente, 211, 1o. andar, São Paulo, SP, 01509-010, Brazil
| | - Felipe J F Coimbra
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Antônio Prudente, 211, 1o. andar, São Paulo, SP, 01509-010, Brazil
| | - Fernando Augusto Soares
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, Rua Antônio Prudente, 211, 1o. andar, São Paulo, SP, 01509-010, Brazil.,Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Lineu Prestes, 2227, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
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15
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Zhang BH, Cheng GY, Xue Q, Gao SG, Sun KL, Wang YG, Mu JW, He J. Clinical outcomes of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus: a retrospective analysis of 142 cases. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 14:1889-94. [PMID: 23679289 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.3.1889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus (BSCCE) is a rare and distinctive tumor with no standard treatment. This study aimed to explore treatment in relation to prognosis of the disease. METHODS A total of 142 patients with BSCCE that underwent treatment in our hospital from March 1999 to July 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients received surgery, 42 postoperative radiotherapy and 28 patients chemotherapy. RESULTS There were 26 patients included in stage I, 60 in stage II, 53 in stage III and 3 in stage IV. The clinical symptoms and macroscopic performances of BSCCE did not differ from those of typical esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Among 118 patients receiving endoscopic biopsy, only 12 were diagnosed with BSCCE. The median survival time (MST) of the entire group was 32 months, with 1-, 3- and 5-year overall survival (OS) of 81.4%, 46.8% and 31.0%, respectively. The 5-year OS of stage I and II patients was significantly longer than that of stages III/IV, at 60.3%, 36.1% and 10.9%, respectively (p<0.001, p=0.001). The MST and 5-year OS were 59.0 months and 47.4% in patients with tumors located in the lower thoracic esophagus, and 27.0 months and 18.1% in those with lesions in the upper/middle esophagus (p=0.002). However, the survival was not significantly improved in patients undegoing adjunctive therapy. Multivariate analysis showed TNM stage and tumor location to be independent prognostic factors. Furthermore, distant metastasis was the most frequent failure pattern, with a median recurrence time of 10 months. CONCLUSION BSCCE is an aggressive disease with rapid progression and a propensity for distant metastasis. It is difficult to make a definitive diagnosis via preoperative biopsy. Multidisciplinary therapy including radical esophagectomy with extended lymphadenectomy should be recommended, while the effectiveness of radiochemotherapy requires further validation for BSCCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai-Hua Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital and Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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16
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Kosaka T, Mogi A, Yamaki E, Miyazaki T, Kuwano H. Surgical resection of a solitary pulmonary metastasis from basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus: a case report. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2013; 20 Suppl:646-9. [PMID: 24088918 DOI: 10.5761/atcs.cr.13-00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) of the esophagus is a relatively rare variant of esophageal malignancies. It is regarded as a disease with a poor prognosis because of the high frequency of distant metastases. We managed a case of resected solitary pulmonary metastasis of BSCC of the esophagus in a 78-year-old female. We performed curative thoracic esophagectomy with three-field lymph node dissection for her disease. After two years and nine months, a thoracoscopic partial resection of the left lung was performed for the solitary pulmonary metastasis. At present, one year after the surgery, the patient is doing well without any recurrence. There have been few reports of case of resected pulmonary metastases. In addition, no treatment strategy for pulmonary metastases from BSCC of the esophagus has been established because of the limited number of cases. Additional cases are required to determine the treatment method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Kosaka
- Department of General Surgical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
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17
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Chen SB, Weng HR, Wang G, Yang JS, Yang WP, Li H, Liu DT, Chen YP. Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2012; 138:1165-71. [PMID: 22419439 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-012-1180-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) of the esophagus is a rare carcinoma with distinct characteristics. No standard treatment has been established. This retrospective study was designed to investigate the clinical and pathological characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of esophageal BSCC. METHODS Clinical data were retrospectively analyzed from 26 patients with pathologically confirmed esophageal BSCC who underwent transthoracic esophagectomy with lymphadenectomy between January 1995 and June 2010 at the Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College. Clinicopathologic data between BSCC patients and different histologic grades of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients were statistically compared by means of the χ(2) test or Fisher's exact test. The Kaplan-Meier and log-rank methods were used to estimate and compare survival rates. RESULTS Microscopically, BSCC was characterized by a nesting, lobular, or trabecular arrangement of small crowded cells with scant cytoplasm. None of the histologic specimens taken at preoperative esophagoscopy were diagnosed as BSCC. The median survival time (MST) of the 26 patients was 29.0 months (95% confidence interval, 9.0-49.0), and the 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates were 73.1, 42.7, and 36.6%, respectively. The MST for BSCC patients was significantly lower than that of well-differentiated SCC patients (P = 0.024), but there were no significant differences between the MST for BSCC patients and that of moderately or poorly differentiated SCC patients (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS BSCC of the esophagus is a rare but distinctive disease and is prone to be misdiagnosed by endoscopic biopsy. The prognosis is poorer than well-differentiated SCC, but similar to moderately or poorly differentiated SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Bin Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 7 Raoping Road, Shantou 515000, Guangdong, China.
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Garman KS, Orlando RC, Chen X. Review: Experimental models for Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2012; 302:G1231-43. [PMID: 22421618 PMCID: PMC4380479 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00509.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Several different cell culture systems and laboratory animal models have been used over the years to study Barrett's esophagus (BE) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Most of the existing models have key differences with the human esophagus and complex pathogenesis of disease. None of the models offers an ideal system for the complex study of environmental exposure, genetic risk, and prevention strategies. In fact, different model systems may be required to answer different specific research questions about the pathogenesis of BE and EAC. Given the high mortality associated with EAC and the fact that current screening strategies miss most cases of EAC, advances in basic and translational science related to esophageal injury, repair, and carcinogenesis are clearly needed. This review describes several of the existing and potential model systems for BE and EAC with their benefits and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine S. Garman
- 1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University and Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham;
| | - Roy C. Orlando
- 2Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Center for Esophageal Diseases and Swallowing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill; and
| | - Xiaoxin Chen
- 3Cancer Research Program, Julius L. Chambers Biomedical Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina
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Takemura M, Yoshida K, Fujiwara Y, Sakurai K, Takii M. A case of long-term survival after pulmonary resection for metachronous pulmonary metastasis of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Int J Surg Case Rep 2012; 3:451-4. [PMID: 22721697 PMCID: PMC3397294 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2012.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus (BSCE) is a rare malignancy among esophageal cancers. We reported a case of 63-year-old woman with metachronous pulmonary metastasis of BSCE, successfully treated by metastasectomy of the left lung. PRESENTATION OF CASE Biopsy specimens of upper gastrointestinal fiberscopy led to diagnosis of poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Computed tomography revealed metastatic lymph nodes surrounding the bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve and no evidence of metastasis to distant organs. Curative esophagectomy with three-field lymph node dissection was performed through thoracoscopic approach. Pathological examination of the resected specimens led to diagnosis of BSCE with invasion into the submucosal layer of the esophageal wall. Two years later, a solitary oval-shaped pulmonary lesion of approximately 10mm was detected in the left lung. Wedge resection of the left upper lobe was performed via thoracoscopic approach. The postoperative course was uneventful. Histologically, the pulmonary lesion was diagnosed as metastatic BSCE. Follow-up indicated no recurrence 9 years after the initial surgery. DISCUSSION Surgical intervention was acceptable on this case of solitary pulmonary metastasis. However, data are lacking about the efficacy of pulmonary resection for metachronous pulmonary metastasis of BSCE because the postoperative outcome is usually poor. The efficacy of surgical intervention for metastatic lesions of BSCE is debatable and requires further examination. CONCLUSION Although the usefulness of surgical intervention for metastatic lesions from BSCE is controversial, the patients with metachronous solitary metastasis to the lung and without extrapulmonary metastasis would be good candidate for pulmonary resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Takemura
- Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mucogawa-machi, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Kayo Yoshida
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Osaka City General Hospital, 2-13-22 Miyakojima-Hondori, Miyakojima-ku, Osaka 534-0021, Japan
| | - Yushi Fujiwara
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Osaka City General Hospital, 2-13-22 Miyakojima-Hondori, Miyakojima-ku, Osaka 534-0021, Japan
| | - Katsunobu Sakurai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Osaka City General Hospital, 2-13-22 Miyakojima-Hondori, Miyakojima-ku, Osaka 534-0021, Japan
| | - Mamiko Takii
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Osaka City General Hospital, 2-13-22 Miyakojima-Hondori, Miyakojima-ku, Osaka 534-0021, Japan
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20
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Imamhasan A, Mitomi H, Saito T, Hayashi T, Takahashi M, Kajiyama Y, Yao T. Immunohistochemical and oncogenetic analyses of the esophageal basaloid squamous cell carcinoma in comparison with conventional squamous cell carcinomas. Hum Pathol 2012; 43:2012-23. [PMID: 22607702 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2012.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus is a rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma. We reviewed 878 cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and detected 22 cases (3%) of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma. These tumors and stage-matched paired conventional squamous cell carcinomas were investigated for clinicopathologic features and immunoreactivity of cytokeratin subtypes, p53, B-cell lymphoma 2 (bcl-2), β-catenin, and epidermal growth factor receptor. Molecular aberrations in p53, CTNNB1 (the gene encoding β-catenin), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) were also determined. Patients with basaloid squamous cell carcinomas demonstrated a 5-year survival rate of 42%, significantly worse than those with well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (P<.01). Histologically, solid nests with central necrosis and a cribriform pattern were identified in almost all (≥95%) cases, and ductal differentiation was less frequent (45%) but associated with significantly better survival (P<.05). Compared with conventional squamous cell carcinomas, the basaloid squamous cell carcinomas were less immunoreactive for cytokeratin 14, cytokeratin 903, and membranous β-catenin (P<.01-.001) but more reactive for bcl-2, nuclear β-catenin, epidermal growth factor receptor, and Ki-67 (P<.05-.001). Direct sequencing showed mutations of p53 (36%), EGFR (14%), but not CTNNB1; fluorescent in situ hybridization detected amplification of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene (22%). In basaloid squamous cell carcinomas, low-level expression of cytokeratin 14/cytokeratin 903 and mutations of p53 and EGFR had a significant influence on worse survival (P<.05-.001). We conclude that the esophageal basaloid squamous cell carcinoma, a neoplasm with particularly aggressive biologic behavior, should be differentiated from conventional squamous cell carcinomas. In this context, immunohistochemical assessment of several markers might provide a useful adjunct diagnostic tool. Aberrations of p53 and epidermal growth factor receptor genes are possibly involved in progression of esophageal basaloid squamous cell carcinoma.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Basal Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Basal Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Basal Cell/mortality
- Carcinoma, Basal Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/mortality
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- DNA Mutational Analysis
- DNA, Neoplasm/analysis
- ErbB Receptors/genetics
- ErbB Receptors/metabolism
- Esophageal Neoplasms/genetics
- Esophageal Neoplasms/metabolism
- Esophageal Neoplasms/mortality
- Esophageal Neoplasms/pathology
- Female
- Gene Amplification
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mutation
- Survival Rate
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdukadir Imamhasan
- Department of Human Pathology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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22
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Cho KJ. Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Upper Aerodigestive Tract. KOREAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.4132/koreanjpathol.2010.44.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Ja Cho
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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