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Buonfiglio F, Böhm EW, Pfeiffer N, Gericke A. Oxidative Stress: A Suitable Therapeutic Target for Optic Nerve Diseases? Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1465. [PMID: 37508003 PMCID: PMC10376185 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Optic nerve disorders encompass a wide spectrum of conditions characterized by the loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and subsequent degeneration of the optic nerve. The etiology of these disorders can vary significantly, but emerging research highlights the crucial role of oxidative stress, an imbalance in the redox status characterized by an excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS), in driving cell death through apoptosis, autophagy, and inflammation. This review provides an overview of ROS-related processes underlying four extensively studied optic nerve diseases: glaucoma, Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON), anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION), and optic neuritis (ON). Furthermore, we present preclinical findings on antioxidants, with the objective of evaluating the potential therapeutic benefits of targeting oxidative stress in the treatment of optic neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Buonfiglio
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (E.W.B.); (N.P.)
| | | | | | - Adrian Gericke
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (E.W.B.); (N.P.)
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Orii Y, Kunikane E, Yamada Y, Morioka M, Iwasaki K, Arimura S, Mizuno A, Inatani M. Ocular Distribution of Brimonidine and Brinzolamide after Topical Instillation of a 0.1% Brimonidine Tartrate and 1% Brinzolamide Fixed-Combination Ophthalmic Suspension: An Interventional Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4175. [PMID: 37445209 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the concentrations of brimonidine and brinzolamide in the vitreous and aqueous humor after instillation of a 0.1% brimonidine tartrate and 1% brinzolamide fixed-combination ophthalmic suspension. METHODS The present investigation involved patients with macular holes or idiopathic epiretinal membranes who were planning to undergo vitrectomy. One week prior to surgery, the patients received twice-daily topical treatment with 0.1% brimonidine tartrate and 1% brinzolamide fixed-combination ophthalmic suspension. Before vitrectomy, vitreous and aqueous humor samples were collected, and the mean concentrations of brimonidine and brinzolamide were determined through liquid chromatography-tandem spectrometry. RESULTS Ten eyes (nine phakic and one pseudophakic eyes; 10 patients) were examined. The concentration of brimonidine in vitreous and aqueous humor samples was 5.02 ± 2.24 and 559 ± 670 nM, respectively. The concentration of brimonidine in the vitreous humor, which is needed to activate α2 receptors, was >2 nM in all patients. The concentration of brinzolamide was 8.96 ± 4.65 and 1100 ± 813 nM, respectively. However, there was no significant correlation between the concentrations of brimonidine in the vitreous and aqueous humor samples. CONCLUSIONS Sufficient concentrations of brimonidine were detected in all vitreous samples. The dissociated correlation of the drug concentrations between aqueous and vitreous humors implies the possibility of another pathway to vitreous humor, different from the pathway to aqueous humor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Orii
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | | | - Yutaka Yamada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Masakazu Morioka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Kentaro Iwasaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Shogo Arimura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Akemi Mizuno
- Senju Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka 541-0048, Japan
| | - Masaru Inatani
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
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Polydopamine nanoparticles attenuate retina ganglion cell degeneration and restore visual function after optic nerve injury. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:436. [PMID: 34930292 PMCID: PMC8686547 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01199-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress contributes to retina ganglion cells (RGCs) loss in variety of ocular diseases, including ocular trauma, ocular vein occlusion, and glaucoma. Scavenging the excessed reactive oxygen species (ROS) in retinal neurovascular unit could be beneficial to RGCs survival. In this study, a polydopamine (PDA)-based nanoplatform is developed to protect RGCs. Results The PDA nanoparticles efficiently eliminate multi-types of ROS, protect endothelia and neuronal cells from oxidative damage, and inhibit microglia activation in retinas. In an optic nerve crush (ONC) model, single intravitreal injection of PDA nanoparticles could significantly attenuate RGCs loss via eliminating ROS in retinas, reducing the inflammatory response and maintaining barrier function of retinal vascular endothelia. Comparative transcriptome analysis of the retina implied that PDA nanoparticles improve RGCs survival probably by altering the expression of genes involved in inflammation and ROS production. Importantly, as a versatile drug carrier, PDA nanoparticles could deliver brimonidine (a neuroprotection drug) to synergistically attenuate RGCs loss and promote axon regeneration, thus restore visual function. Conclusions The PDA nanoparticle-based therapeutic nanoplatform displayed excellent performance in ROS elimination, providing a promising probability for treating retinal degeneration diseases. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-021-01199-3.
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Aydın B, Ozgur A, Ozdemir HB, Uyar Gocun P, Inan MA, Atalay HT, Bayrakceken K, Ozmen MC, Ucgul AY. Comparison of the effects of operating microscopes with light emitting diode and halogen light source on the eye: a rabbit study. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2021; 40:319-325. [PMID: 34225552 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2021.1949337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the potential toxicity of operation microscopes with halogen and light emitting diode (LED) light source on the rabbit eyes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-two eyes of 16 male New Zealand pigmented rabbits were involved in the study. The rabbits were divided into two groups according to the type of light source applied. Only one eye of each rabbit was exposed to illumination light, unexposed fellow eyes served as the control group. Experimental groups included group 1 exposed to halogen light for 2 h and evaluated 1 day and 1 week after the illumination, group 2 exposed to LED light for two hours and evaluated 1 day and 1 week after the illumination. On the first and seventh days after exposing the light, we evaluated the rabbit corneas using in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM). At the end of the seventh day, the Hematoxylin-eosin staining and TUNEL staining were performed to investigate the presence of apoptosis in the retina and retina pigment epithelium. RESULTS Early IVCM findings revealed corneal epithelial cell ovalization and indistinct intercellular borders in the halogen light group. We also observed more increase in the keratocyte density index (23.7% vs 14.1%, p = 0.001, respectively) and the Bowman reflectivity index (12.4% vs 4.1%, p = 0.001, respectively) at first day of the light exposure in halogen light group compared to LED light group. However, late IVCM indicated that these findings disappeared one week later. No apoptosis was observed in the corneal and retinal layers in early and late examination groups. CONCLUSION The present experimental study demonstrated that both halogen and LED lights, which were commonly used for microscopic eye surgery, had no sustained adverse effect on the cornea and retina of the rabbits; however, halogen light had a temporary adverse effect on corneal epithelium and stroma, which resolved within 1 week.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahri Aydın
- Medical School, Department of Ophthalmology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | | | - Pınar Uyar Gocun
- Medical School, Department of Medical Pathology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Arda Inan
- Medical School, Department of Medical Pathology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hatice Tuba Atalay
- Medical School, Department of Ophthalmology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Mehmet Cuneyt Ozmen
- Medical School, Department of Ophthalmology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Yucel Ucgul
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Training and Research Hospital, Bolu, Turkey
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Hopper RG, Montiani-Ferreira F, da Silva Pereira J, Fritz MC, Ruggiero VJ, Sapienza JS, Kato K, Komáromy AM. Presumed neuroprotective therapies prescribed by veterinary ophthalmologists for canine degenerative retinal and optic nerve diseases. Vet Ophthalmol 2021; 24:229-239. [PMID: 33682296 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate veterinary ophthalmologists' use of presumed neuroprotective therapies for degenerative retinal and optic nerve diseases in dogs. PROCEDURES An online survey was sent to 663 board-certified veterinary ophthalmologists who were Diplomates of the American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists (ACVO), Asian College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists (AiCVO), Latin American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists (Colegio Latinoamericano de Oftalmólogos Veterinarios, CLOVE), or European College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists (ECVO). The survey was created using Qualtrics® software and focused on the prescription of presumed neuroprotective treatments for canine glaucoma, sudden acquired retinal degeneration syndrome (SARDS), progressive retinal atrophy (PRA), and retinal detachment (RD). RESULTS A total of 165 completed surveys were received, representing an overall response rate of 25%, which was comparable across the four specialty colleges. Of all respondents, 140/165 (85%) prescribed some form of presumed neuroprotective therapies at least once in the last five years: 114/165 (69%) for glaucoma, 51/165 (31%) for SARDS, 116/165 (70%) for PRA, and 50/165 (30%) for RD. The three most recommended neuroprotective reagents were the commercial Ocu-GLO™ Vision Supplement for animals, amlodipine, and human eye supplements. CONCLUSIONS Despite lack of published clinical efficacy data, the majority of surveyed board-certified veterinary ophthalmologists previously prescribed a presumed neuroprotective therapy at least once in the last five years in dogs with degenerative retinal and optic nerve diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan G Hopper
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | - Jorge da Silva Pereira
- Center of Studies, Research, and Veterinary Ophthalmology (CEPOV), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Michele C Fritz
- Office of Academic Programs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Vickie J Ruggiero
- Office of Academic Programs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | | | - András M Komáromy
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Naik S, Pandey A, Lewis SA, Rao BSS, Mutalik S. Neuroprotection: A versatile approach to combat glaucoma. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 881:173208. [PMID: 32464192 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In most retinal diseases, neuronal loss is the main cause of vision loss. Neuroprotection is the alteration of neurons and/or their environment to encourage the survival and function of the neurons, especially in environments that are deleterious to the neuronal health. The area of neuroprotection progresses with a therapeutically-based hope of improving vision and clinical outcomes for patients through the developments in neurotrophic therapy, antioxidative therapy, anti-excitotoxic, anti-ischemic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic care. In this review, we summarize the various neuroprotection strategies for the treatment of glaucoma, genetics of glaucoma and the role of various nanoplatforms in the treatment of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santoshi Naik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Abhijeet Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Shaila A Lewis
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Bola Sadashiva Satish Rao
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Srinivas Mutalik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka State, India.
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Short-Time Ocular Ischemia Induces Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction and Ganglion Cell Loss in the Pig Retina. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194685. [PMID: 31546635 PMCID: PMC6801515 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Visual impairment and blindness are often caused by retinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. We aimed to characterize a new model of I/R in pigs, in which the intraocular pathways were not manipulated by invasive methods on the ocular system. After 12 min of ischemia followed by 20 h of reperfusion, reactivity of retinal arterioles was measured in vitro by video microscopy. Dihydroethidium (DHE) staining, qPCR, immunohistochemistry, quantification of neurons in the retinal ganglion cell layer, and histological examination was performed. Retinal arterioles of I/R-treated pigs displayed marked attenuation in response to the endothelium-dependent vasodilator, bradykinin, compared to sham-treated pigs. DHE staining intensity and messenger RNA levels for HIF-1α, VEGF-A, NOX2, and iNOS were elevated in retinal arterioles following I/R. Immunoreactivity to HIF-1α, VEGF-A, NOX2, and iNOS was enhanced in retinal arteriole endothelium after I/R. Moreover, I/R evoked a substantial decrease in Brn3a-positive retinal ganglion cells and noticeable retinal thickening. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrate that short-time ocular ischemia impairs endothelial function and integrity of retinal blood vessels and induces structural changes in the retina. HIF-1α, VEGF-A, iNOS, and NOX2-derived reactive oxygen species appear to be involved in the pathophysiology.
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Hartleben C, Parra JC, Batoosingh A, Bernstein P, Goodkin M. A Masked, Randomized, Phase 3 Comparison of Triple Fixed-Combination Bimatoprost/Brimonidine/Timolol versus Fixed-Combination Brimonidine/Timolol for Lowering Intraocular Pressure. J Ophthalmol 2017; 2017:4586763. [PMID: 29057117 PMCID: PMC5625812 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4586763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of triple fixed-combination bimatoprost 0.01%/brimonidine 0.15%/timolol 0.5% (TFC) versus dual fixed-combination brimonidine 0.2%/timolol 0.5% (DFC) in primary open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. METHODS Patients with intraocular pressure (IOP) ≥23 and ≤34 mmHg were randomized to twice-daily TFC or DFC. The primary variable is the change in worse eye mean IOP from baseline at week 12 (modified intent-to-treat (mITT) population). Secondary endpoints are mean IOP and mean change from baseline at weeks 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 (mITT population). TFC superiority was demonstrated if the primary variable favored TFC (p ≤ 0.05). Sensitivity analyses were conducted, and safety was assessed at all visits. RESULTS TFC (n = 93) provided greater IOP reductions from baseline than DFC (n = 97) at week 12 (treatment difference, 0.85 mmHg; p = 0.028) and all other visits. TFC was also superior to DFC in patients with high baseline IOP (i.e., IOP ≥ 25 mmHg; p ≤ 0.011). Conjunctival hyperemia, ocular irritation, and dry eye were reported more often with TFC (p ≤ 0.016); however, discontinuations for ocular adverse events were similar between treatments. CONCLUSIONS TFC demonstrated IOP-lowering benefits that outweigh the risk of predominantly mild ocular side effects, which may be particularly relevant in patients who require greater IOP lowering to prevent/delay disease progression. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov registry number: NCT01241240.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curt Hartleben
- Instituto de Oftalmología Conde de Valenciana, Chimalpopoca 14 Colonia Obrera, Deleg. Cuauhtémoc, 06800 México City, Mexico
| | - Juan Camilo Parra
- Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander, Medical Center Carlos Ardila Lulle, Tower A office 401 11 module, Bucaramanga, Colombia
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Unlu M, Aktas Z, Gocun PU, Ilhan SO, Hasanreisoglu M, Hasanreisoglu B. Neuroprotective effect of systemic and/or intravitreal rosuvastatin administration in rat glaucoma model. Int J Ophthalmol 2016; 9:340-7. [PMID: 27158600 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2016.03.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the neuroprotective effect of rosuvastatin, in a rat experimental glaucoma model. METHODS Ocular hypertension was induced in right eyes of Long-Evans rats (n=30) by cauterization of three episcleral veins. Left eyes were defined as controls. Rats were divided into five groups: oral rosuvastatin, intravitreal rosuvastatin, oral+intravitreal rosuvastatin, intravitreal sham and glaucoma without intervention. Rats were sacrificed at day 14. Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) number was assessed by histopathological analysis. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-nick end-labeling (TUNEL) staining and the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in RGC layer was also examined. RESULTS A significant intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation was seen (P=0.002). Elevated IOP resulted in a significant decrease in number of RGCs in group 5 (70.33±8.2 cells/mm(2)) when compared with controls (92.50±13.72 cells/mm(2); P=0.03). The RGC number in group 1 (92.4±7.3 cells/mm(2)) was significantly higher than group 5 (P=0.03). The numbers of RGC in groups 2, 3 (57.3±8.2 cells/mm(2), 60.5±12.9 cells/mm(2)) were comparable with that of group 5 (P=0.18 and P=0.31). The apoptosis rates with TUNEL staining were also parallel to RGC number. Animals with experimentally induced glaucoma showed an increase in retinal GFAP immunoreactivity. CONCLUSION Decrease in RGC loss and apoptosis suggest the neuroprotective potential of oral rosuvastatin treatment in a rat model of ocular hypertension. However intravitreal rosuvastatin showed a contrary effect and further studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metin Unlu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erciyes University, School of Medicine, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Aktas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gazi University, School of Medicine, Besevler, Ankara 06560, Turkey
| | - Pinar Uyar Gocun
- Department of Pathology, Gazi University, School of Medicine, Besevler, Ankara 06560, Turkey
| | - Sevil Ozger Ilhan
- Department of Pharmacology, Gazi University, School of Medicine, Besevler, Ankara 06560, Turkey
| | - Murat Hasanreisoglu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gazi University, School of Medicine, Besevler, Ankara 06560, Turkey
| | - Berati Hasanreisoglu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gazi University, School of Medicine, Besevler, Ankara 06560, Turkey
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Ramírez C, Cáceres-del-Carpio J, Chu J, Chu J, Moustafa MT, Chwa M, Limb GA, Kuppermann BD, Kenney MC. Brimonidine Can Prevent In Vitro Hydroquinone Damage on Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells and Retinal Müller Cells. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2015; 32:102-8. [PMID: 26624556 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2015.0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Brimonidine is a selective alpha-2 adrenergic agonist used to reduce intraocular pressure and it has been shown to have some neuroprotective effects. Hydroquinone (HQ) is a toxicant present in cigarette smoke, and other sources. In this study, we investigated the cyto-protective effects in vitro of Brimonidine on human retinal pigment epithelium cells (ARPE-19) and human retinal Müller cells (MIO-M1) that had been treated with HQ. METHODS Cells were pretreated for 6 h with different doses of Brimonidine tartrate 0.1% (1/2×, 1×, 5×, 10×), followed by a 24-h exposure to 100 μM of HQ, while the Brimonidine was still present. Assays were used to measure cell viability, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. RESULTS Brimonidine increased the cell viability at all concentrations studied in both cell lines studied. ΔΨm also improved at all Brimonidine doses in ARPE-19 cells and in the 5× and 10× dosages MIO-M1 cells. The ROS levels decreased at 1×, 5×, and 10× doses of Brimonidine in ARPE-19 but only at 10× on MIO-M1 cells. The 10×-Brimonidine ARPE-19 cells had decreased LDH release, but no LDH changes were observed on MIO-M1 cells. CONCLUSION HQ-induced toxicity is mediated through mitochondrial damaging, oxidative stress-related and necrosis-related pathways; Brimonidine significantly prevented the mitochondrial damaging and oxidative stress-related effects but had little effect on blocking the necrosis component of HQ-toxicity. Brimonidine protective effects differ between the different retinal cell types and high concentrations of Brimonidine (10×) have minimal damaging effects on human retinal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Ramírez
- 1 Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California , Irvine, Irvine, California
| | | | - Justin Chu
- 1 Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California , Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Joshua Chu
- 1 Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California , Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - M Tarek Moustafa
- 1 Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California , Irvine, Irvine, California.,2 Ophthalmology Department, Minia University , Minia, Egypt
| | - Marilyn Chwa
- 1 Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California , Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - G Astrid Limb
- 3 Division of Ocular Biology and Therapeutics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology , London, United Kingdom
| | - Baruch D Kuppermann
- 1 Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California , Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - M Cristina Kenney
- 1 Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California , Irvine, Irvine, California.,4 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine , Irvine, California
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Gupta PC, Sood S, Narang S, Ichhpujani P. Role of brimonidine in the treatment of clinically significant macular edema with ischemic changes in diabetic maculopathy. Int Ophthalmol 2013; 34:787-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s10792-013-9871-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kim JM, Kim YJ, Kim DM. Increased expression of oxyproteins in the optic nerve head of an in vivo model of optic nerve ischemia. BMC Ophthalmol 2012; 12:63. [PMID: 23216747 PMCID: PMC3541215 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2415-12-63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the effects of microvascular compromise on the expression of oxidative proteins in the optic nerve head. METHODS Endothelin-1 (0.1 μg/day) was delivered to the perineural region of the anterior optic nerve by osmotically driven minipumps for two, four, and eight weeks in ten rabbits, respectively. As a control, a balanced salt solution was delivered for two and eight weeks in five rabbits, respectively. Expression of oxyproteins in the cornea, vitreous, retina, and optic nerve head for each time period was determined using the OxyBlot protein oxidation detection kit. Retina was stained with H&E and TUNEL for histological examination. RESULTS There was a significant increase in the expression of oxyproteins in the optic nerve head after two weeks of endothelin-1 administration (p < 0.001, Mann Whitney U test). In contrast, there was no expression of oxyproteins in the cornea, retina, or vitreous. The number of cells in the retinal ganglion cell layer, inner nuclear layer, and outer nuclear layer decreased remarkably with time in the endothelin-1-treated group. Furthermore, the inner and outer nuclear layers, as well as the inner and outer plexiform layers, became thinner over time. CONCLUSIONS Administration of endothelin-1 to the microvasculature of the optic nerve leads to increased expression of oxyproteins in the optic nerve head and loss of retinal ganglion cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Mo Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu Jeong Kim
- Seoul National University Hospital Clinical Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Myung Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-Dong, Chongno-Gu, Seoul, 110-744, Korea
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Kusari J, Padillo E, Zhou SX, Bai Y, Wang J, Song Z, Zhu M, Le YZ, Gil DW. Effect of brimonidine on retinal and choroidal neovascularization in a mouse model of retinopathy of prematurity and laser-treated rats. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011; 52:5424-31. [PMID: 21482645 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.10-6262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether chronic treatment with brimonidine (BRI) attenuates retinal vascular leakage and neovascularization in neonatal mice after exposure to high oxygen in a mouse model of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in rats after laser treatment. METHODS Experimental CNV was induced by laser treatment in Brown Norway (BN) rats. BRI or vehicle (VEH) was administered by osmotic minipumps, and CNV formation was measured 11 days after laser treatment. Oxygen-induced retinopathy was generated in neonatal mice by exposure to 75% oxygen from postnatal day (P)7 to P12. BRI or VEH was administered by gavage, and vitreoretinal vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) concentrations and retinal vascular leakage, neovascularization, and vaso-obliteration were measured on P17. Experimental CNV was induced in rabbits by subretinal lipopolysaccharide/fibroblast growth factor-2 injection. RESULTS Systemic BRI treatment significantly attenuated laser-induced CNV formation in BN rats when initiated 3 days before or within 1 hour after laser treatment. BRI treatment initiated during exposure to high oxygen significantly attenuated vitreoretinal VEGF concentrations, retinal vascular leakage, and retinal neovascularization in P17 mice subjected to oxygen-induced retinopathy. Intravitreal treatment with BRI had no effect on CNV formation in a rabbit model of nonischemic angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS BRI treatment significantly attenuated vitreoretinal VEGF concentrations, retinal vascular leakage, and retinal and choroidal neovascularization in animal models of ROP and CNV. BRI may inhibit underlying event(s) of ischemia responsible for upregulation of vitreoretinal VEGF and thus reduce vascular leakage and retinal-choroidal neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotirmoy Kusari
- Department of Biological Sciences, Allergan, Inc., Irvine, California 92612-1599, USA.
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Lambert WS, Ruiz L, Crish SD, Wheeler LA, Calkins DJ. Brimonidine prevents axonal and somatic degeneration of retinal ganglion cell neurons. Mol Neurodegener 2011; 6:4. [PMID: 21232114 PMCID: PMC3035592 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1326-6-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brimonidine is a common drug for lowering ocular pressure and may directly protect retinal ganglion cells in glaucoma. The disease involves early loss of retinal ganglion cell transport to brain targets followed by axonal and somatic degeneration. We examined whether brimonidine preserves ganglion cell axonal transport and abates degeneration in rats with elevated ocular pressure induced by laser cauterization of the episcleral veins. RESULTS Ocular pressure was elevated unilaterally by 90% for a period of 8 weeks post- cauterization. During this time, brimonidine (1mg/kg/day) or vehicle (phosphate-buffered saline) was delivered systemically and continuously via subcutaneous pump. Animals received bilateral intravitreal injections of fluorescent cholera toxin subunit β (CTB) two days before sacrifice to assess anterograde transport. In retinas from the vehicle group, elevated pressure induced a 44% decrease in the fraction of ganglion cells with intact uptake of CTB and a 14-42% reduction in the number of immuno-labelled ganglion cell bodies, with the worst loss occurring nasally. Elevated pressure also caused a 33% loss of ganglion cell axons in vehicle optic nerves and a 70% decrease in CTB transport to the superior colliculus. Each of these components of ganglion cell degeneration was either prevented or significantly reduced in the brimonidine treatment group. CONCLUSIONS Continuous and systemic treatment with brimonidine by subcutaneous injection significantly improved retinal ganglion cell survival with exposure to elevated ocular pressure. This effect was most striking in the nasal region of the retina. Brimonidine treatment also preserved ganglion cell axon morphology, sampling density and total number in the optic nerve with elevated pressure. Consistent with improved outcome in the optic projection, brimonidine also significantly reduced the deficits in axonal transport to the superior colliculus associated with elevated ocular pressure. As transport deficits to and from retinal ganglion cell projection targets in the brain are relevant to the progression of glaucoma, the ability of brimonidine to preserve optic nerve axons and active transport suggests its neuroprotective effects are relevant not only at the cell body, but throughout the entire optic projection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendi S Lambert
- The Vanderbilt Eye Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37205, USA.
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Goldenberg-Cohen N, Dadon-Bar-El S, Hasanreisoglu M, Avraham-Lubin BCR, Dratviman-Storobinsky O, Cohen Y, Weinberger D. Possible neuroprotective effect of brimonidine in a mouse model of ischaemic optic neuropathy. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2009; 37:718-29. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.2009.02108.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression in retinal ganglion cell layer and effect of topically applied brimonidine tartrate 0.2% therapy on this expression in an endothelin-1-induced optic nerve ischemia model. Int Ophthalmol 2009; 30:253-9. [PMID: 19626279 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-009-9316-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2008] [Accepted: 06/08/2009] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to investigate the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in retinal ganglion cells (RGC) and the impact of topically applied brimonidine tartrate 0.2% (BMD) on this expression in an endothelin-1 (ET-1)-induced chronic optic nerve (ON) ischemia model of rabbit. Osmotically driven minipumps were implanted in one eye of 16 New Zealand albino rabbits to deliver ET-1 at the constant rate of 0.5 microl/h for 2 weeks. ET-1 was given with (group 3) and without topical BMD therapy (group 1). Groups 2 and 4 were taken as controls. MMP-9 expression by immunohistochemically and proportion of cells undergoing apoptosis in RGC layer were investigated. The correlation between the MMP-9 immunopositivity and the proportion of cells undergoing apoptosis in the RGC layer was evaluated. MMP-9 immunopositivity was found to be significantly higher in both groups 1 and 3 compared to that of the controls. There was no difference between groups 1 and 3 regarding MMP-9 expression (p = 0.495). A positive correlation was found between the proportion of cells undergoing apoptosis and MMP-9 expressions in the RGC layer in group 1 (p = 0.031, r = 0.754). MMP-9 expression in the RGC layer seems to significantly increase in the ET-1-induced chronic ON ischemia model. Topical BMD therapy does not seem to affect this MMP-9 expression.
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Park HY, Lee NY, Kim JH, Park CK. Intraocular pressure lowering, change of antiapoptotic molecule expression, and neuroretinal changes by dorzolamide 2%/timolol 0.5% combination in a chronic ocular hypertension rat model. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2009; 24:563-71. [PMID: 19049297 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2008.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine intraocular pressure lowering, change of antiapoptotic molecules expression, and neuroretinal changes by a commercially available dorzolamide 2%/timolol 0.5% combination in a chronic ocular hypertension rat model. Chronic ocular hypertension was induced by three episcleral vein cauterizations. The expression of antiapoptotic molecules and the effect of dorzolamide 2%/timolol 0.5% combination in chronic ocular hypertensive retina were evaluated. Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) retrograde labeling and quantification with 4-di-10-ASP (DiA) and expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were detected before and after the administration of dorzolamide 2%/timolol 0.5%. Treatment of ocular hypertensive eyes with dorzolamide 2%/timolol 0.5% significantly reduced, intraocular pressure when compared to the control eyes. Labeling of RGCs with DiA showed a significant decrease in RGC loss after the administration of dorzolamide 2%/timolol 0.5%. GFAP expression revealed a significant decrease in retinal damage after dorzolamide 2%/timolol 0.5% administration. However, dorzolamide 2%/timolol 0.5% did not affect Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL mRNA expression. In conclusion, dorzolamide 2%/timolol 0.5% may have neuroprotective potential in the animal model, which is not mediated by Bcl-2 or Bcl-xL. The mechanism of neuroprotection by dorzolamide 2%/timolol 0.5% in chronic glaucoma models requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Y Park
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, College of Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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EMRE S, GUL M, ATES B, ESREFOGLU M, KOC B, ERDOGAN A, YESILADA E. Comparison of the Protective Effects of Prostaglandin Analogues in the Ischemia and Reperfusion Model of Rabbit Eyes. Exp Anim 2009; 58:505-13. [DOI: 10.1538/expanim.58.505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sinan EMRE
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University
| | - Mehmet GUL
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University
| | - Burhan ATES
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Art, Inonu University
| | - Mukaddes ESREFOGLU
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University
| | - Bekir KOC
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University
| | - Ali ERDOGAN
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Art, Inonu University
| | - Elif YESILADA
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University
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