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Shi MD, Sung KC, Huang JM, Chen CH, Wang YJ. Development of an Ex Vivo Porcine Eye Model for Exploring the Pathogenicity of Acanthamoeba. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1161. [PMID: 38930543 PMCID: PMC11206127 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Acanthamoeba, a widely distributed free-living amoeba found in various environments, is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for causing Acanthamoeba keratitis, a condition that may lead to blindness. However, identifying the pathogenicity of Acanthamoeba is challenging due to its complex life cycle, ability to adapt to different environments, variable virulence factors, and intricate interactions with the host immune system. Additionally, the development of an effective model for studying Acanthamoeba pathogenicity is limited, hindering a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying its virulence and host interactions. The aim of this study was to develop an ex vivo model for Acanthamoeba infection using porcine eyeballs and to evaluate the pathogenicity of the Acanthamoeba isolates. Based on slit lamp and biopsy analysis, the developed ex vivo model is capable of successfully infecting Acanthamoeba within 3 days. Histopathological staining revealed that clinical isolates of Acanthamoeba exhibited greater corneal stroma destruction and invasion in this model than environmental isolates. Our results highlight the importance of an ex vivo porcine eye model in elucidating the pathogenesis of Acanthamoeba infection and its potential implications for understanding and managing Acanthamoeba-related ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Der Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chest Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan 717, Taiwan; (M.-D.S.); (K.-C.S.)
| | - Ko-Chiang Sung
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chest Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan 717, Taiwan; (M.-D.S.); (K.-C.S.)
| | - Jian-Ming Huang
- School of Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan;
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsien Chen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Jen Wang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
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2
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Sama-ae I, Sangkanu S, Siyadatpanah A, Norouzi R, Chuprom J, Mitsuwan W, Surinkaew S, Boonhok R, Paul AK, Mahboob T, Abtahi NS, Jimoh TO, Oliveira SM, Gupta M, Sin C, de Lourdes Pereira M, Wilairatana P, Wiart C, Rahmatullah M, Dolma KG, Nissapatorn V. Targeting Acanthamoeba proteins interaction with flavonoids of Propolis extract by in vitro and in silico studies for promising therapeutic effects. F1000Res 2022; 11:1274. [PMID: 36936052 PMCID: PMC10015121 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.126227.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background : Propolis is a natural resinous mixture produced by bees. It provides beneficial effects on human health in the treatment/management of many diseases. The present study was performed to demonstrate the anti- Acanthamoeba activity of ethanolic extracts of Propolis samples from Iran. The interactions of the compounds and essential proteins of Acanthamoeba were also visualized through docking simulation. Methods: The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of Propolis extract against Acanthamoeba trophozoites and cysts was determined in vitro. In addition, two-fold dilutions of each of the agents were tested for encystment, excystment and adhesion inhibitions. Three major compounds of Propolis extract such as chrysin, tectochrysin and pinocembrin have been selected in molecular docking approach to predict the compounds that might be responsible for encystment, excystment and adhesion inhibitions of A. castellanii. Furthermore, to confirm the docking results, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were also carried out for the most promising two ligand-pocket complexes from docking studies. Results : The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) 62.5 and 125 µg/mL of the most active Propolis extract were assessed in trophozoites stage of Acanthamoeba castellanii ATCC30010 and ATCC50739, respectively. At concentrations lower than their MICs values (1/16 MIC), Propolis extract revealed inhibition of encystation. However, at 1/2 MIC, it showed a potential inhibition of excystation and anti-adhesion. The molecular docking and dynamic simulation revealed the potential capability of Pinocembrin to form hydrogen bonds with A. castellanii Sir2 family protein (AcSir2), an encystation protein of high relevance for this process in Acanthamoeba. Conclusions : The results obtained provided a candidate for the development of therapeutic drugs against Acanthamoeba infection. In vivo experiments and clinical trials are necessary to support this claim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Sama-ae
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences and Center of Excellence Research for Melioidosis and Microorganisms (CERMM), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Suthinee Sangkanu
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Southeast Asia Water Team (SEA Water Team) and World Union for Herbal Drug Discovery (WUHeDD), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Abolghasem Siyadatpanah
- Ferdows School of Paramedical and Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Norouzi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Julalak Chuprom
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Southeast Asia Water Team (SEA Water Team) and World Union for Herbal Drug Discovery (WUHeDD), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Watcharapong Mitsuwan
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College and Research Center of Excellence in Innovation of Essential Oil, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Sirirat Surinkaew
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences and Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products (RECIHP), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Rachasak Boonhok
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences and Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products (RECIHP), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Alok K. Paul
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, TAS, Australia
| | - Tooba Mahboob
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Southeast Asia Water Team (SEA Water Team) and World Union for Herbal Drug Discovery (WUHeDD), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Najme Sadat Abtahi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine International Campus, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Tajudeen O. Jimoh
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Islamic University in Uganda, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sónia M.R. Oliveira
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, NSW, Australia
| | - Madhu Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India
| | - Chea Sin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Maria de Lourdes Pereira
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Christophe Wiart
- Institute for Tropical Biology & Conservation, University Malaysia Sabah, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Mohammed Rahmatullah
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Karma G. Dolma
- Department of Microbiology, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, Sikkim Manipal University, Sikkim, India
| | - Veeranoot Nissapatorn
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Southeast Asia Water Team (SEA Water Team) and World Union for Herbal Drug Discovery (WUHeDD), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
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Sama-ae I, Sangkanu S, Siyadatpanah A, Norouzi R, Chuprom J, Mitsuwan W, Surinkaew S, Boonhok R, Paul AK, Mahboob T, Abtahi NS, Jimoh TO, Oliveira SM, Gupta M, Sin C, de Lourdes Pereira M, Wilairatana P, Wiart C, Rahmatullah M, Dolma KG, Nissapatorn V. Targeting Acanthamoeba proteins interaction with flavonoids of Propolis extract by in vitro and in silico studies for promising therapeutic effects. F1000Res 2022; 11:1274. [PMID: 36936052 PMCID: PMC10015121.3 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.126227.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background : Propolis is a natural resinous mixture produced by bees. It provides beneficial effects on human health in the treatment/management of many diseases. The present study was performed to demonstrate the anti- Acanthamoeba activity of ethanolic extracts of Propolis samples from Iran. The interactions of the compounds and essential proteins of Acanthamoeba were also visualized through docking simulation. Methods: The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of Propolis extract against Acanthamoeba trophozoites and cysts was determined in vitro. In addition, two-fold dilutions of each of agents were tested for encystment, excystment and adhesion inhibitions. Three major compounds of Propolis extract such as chrysin, tectochrysin and pinocembrin have been selected in molecular docking approach to predict the compounds that might be responsible for encystment, excystment and adhesion inhibitions of A. castellanii. Furthermore, to confirm the docking results, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were also carried out for the most promising two ligand-pocket complexes from docking studies. Results : The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) 62.5 and 125 µg/mL of the most active Propolis extract were assessed in trophozoites stage of Acanthamoeba castellanii ATCC30010 and ATCC50739, respectively. At concentrations lower than their MICs values (1/16 MIC), Propolis extract revealed inhibition of encystation. However, at 1/2 MIC, it showed a potential inhibition of excystation and anti-adhesion. The molecular docking and dynamic simulation revealed the potential capability of Pinocembrin to form hydrogen bonds with A. castellanii Sir2 family protein (AcSir2), an encystation protein of high relevance for this process in Acanthamoeba. Conclusions : The results provided a candidate for the development of therapeutic drugs against Acanthamoeba infection. In vivo experiments and clinical trials are necessary to support this claim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Sama-ae
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences and Center of Excellence Research for Melioidosis and Microorganisms (CERMM), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Suthinee Sangkanu
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Southeast Asia Water Team (SEA Water Team) and World Union for Herbal Drug Discovery (WUHeDD), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Abolghasem Siyadatpanah
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
- Ferdows School of Paramedical and Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Norouzi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Julalak Chuprom
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Southeast Asia Water Team (SEA Water Team) and World Union for Herbal Drug Discovery (WUHeDD), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Watcharapong Mitsuwan
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College and Research Center of Excellence in Innovation of Essential Oil, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Sirirat Surinkaew
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences and Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products (RECIHP), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Rachasak Boonhok
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences and Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products (RECIHP), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Alok K. Paul
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, TAS, Australia
| | - Tooba Mahboob
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Southeast Asia Water Team (SEA Water Team) and World Union for Herbal Drug Discovery (WUHeDD), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Najme Sadat Abtahi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine International Campus, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Tajudeen O. Jimoh
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Islamic University in Uganda, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sónia M.R. Oliveira
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, NSW, Australia
| | - Madhu Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India
| | - Chea Sin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Maria de Lourdes Pereira
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Christophe Wiart
- Institute for Tropical Biology & Conservation, University Malaysia Sabah, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Mohammed Rahmatullah
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Karma G. Dolma
- Department of Microbiology, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, Sikkim Manipal University, Sikkim, India
| | - Veeranoot Nissapatorn
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Southeast Asia Water Team (SEA Water Team) and World Union for Herbal Drug Discovery (WUHeDD), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
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Sama-ae I, Sangkanu S, Siyadatpanah A, Norouzi R, Chuprom J, Mitsuwan W, Surinkaew S, Boonhok R, Paul AK, Mahboob T, Abtahi NS, Jimoh TO, Oliveira SM, Gupta M, Sin C, de Lourdes Pereira M, Wilairatana P, Wiart C, Rahmatullah M, Dolma KG, Nissapatorn V. Targeting Acanthamoeba proteins interaction with flavonoids of Propolis extract by in vitro and in silico studies for promising therapeutic effects. F1000Res 2022; 11:1274. [PMID: 36936052 PMCID: PMC10015121 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.126227.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background : Propolis is a natural resinous mixture produced by bees. It provides beneficial effects on human health in the treatment/management of many diseases. The present study was performed to demonstrate the anti- Acanthamoeba activity of ethanolic extracts of Propolis samples from Iran. The interactions of the compounds and essential proteins of Acanthamoeba were also visualized through docking simulation. Methods: The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of Propolis extract against Acanthamoeba trophozoites and cysts was determined in vitro. In addition, two-fold dilutions of each of agents were tested for encystment, excystment and adhesion inhibitions. Three major compounds of Propolis extract such as chrysin, tectochrysin and pinocembrin have been selected in molecular docking approach to predict the compounds that might be responsible for encystment, excystment and adhesion inhibitions of A. castellanii. Furthermore, to confirm the docking results, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were also carried out for the most promising two ligand-pocket complexes from docking studies. Results : The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) 62.5 and 125 µg/mL of the most active Propolis extract were assessed in trophozoites stage of Acanthamoeba castellanii ATCC30010 and ATCC50739, respectively. At concentrations lower than their MICs values (1/16 MIC), Propolis extract revealed inhibition of encystation. However, at 1/2 MIC, it showed a potential inhibition of excystation and anti-adhesion. The molecular docking and dynamic simulation revealed the potential capability of Pinocembrin to form hydrogen bonds with A. castellanii Sir2 family protein (AcSir2), an encystation protein of high relevance for this process in Acanthamoeba. Conclusions : The results provided a candidate for the development of therapeutic drugs against Acanthamoeba infection. In vivo experiments and clinical trials are necessary to support this claim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Sama-ae
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences and Center of Excellence Research for Melioidosis and Microorganisms (CERMM), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Suthinee Sangkanu
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Southeast Asia Water Team (SEA Water Team) and World Union for Herbal Drug Discovery (WUHeDD), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Abolghasem Siyadatpanah
- Ferdows School of Paramedical and Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Norouzi
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Julalak Chuprom
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Southeast Asia Water Team (SEA Water Team) and World Union for Herbal Drug Discovery (WUHeDD), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Watcharapong Mitsuwan
- Akkhraratchakumari Veterinary College and Research Center of Excellence in Innovation of Essential Oil, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Sirirat Surinkaew
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences and Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products (RECIHP), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Rachasak Boonhok
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences and Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products (RECIHP), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Alok K. Paul
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, TAS, Australia
| | - Tooba Mahboob
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Southeast Asia Water Team (SEA Water Team) and World Union for Herbal Drug Discovery (WUHeDD), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
| | - Najme Sadat Abtahi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine International Campus, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Tajudeen O. Jimoh
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Islamic University in Uganda, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sónia M.R. Oliveira
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, NSW, Australia
| | - Madhu Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India
| | - Chea Sin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Maria de Lourdes Pereira
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Christophe Wiart
- Institute for Tropical Biology & Conservation, University Malaysia Sabah, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Mohammed Rahmatullah
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Karma G. Dolma
- Department of Microbiology, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences, Sikkim Manipal University, Sikkim, India
| | - Veeranoot Nissapatorn
- School of Allied Health Sciences, Southeast Asia Water Team (SEA Water Team) and World Union for Herbal Drug Discovery (WUHeDD), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
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Asfaram S, Fakhar M, Keighobadi M, Akhtari J. Promising Anti-Protozoan Activities of Propolis (Bee Glue) as Natural Product: A Review. Acta Parasitol 2021; 66:1-12. [PMID: 32691360 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-020-00254-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Propolis (bee glue) is a resinous mixture of different plant exudates that possesses a wide range of biological and antimicrobial activities and has been used as a food supplement and in complementary medicine for centuries. Some researchers have proposed that propolis could be a potential curative compound against microbial agents such as protozoan parasitic infections by different and occasionally unknown mechanisms due to the immunoregulatory function and antioxidant capacity of this natural product. METHODS In this review, we concentrate on in vitro and in vivo anti-protozoan activities of propolis extracts/fractions in the published literature. RESULTS In Leishmania, propolis inhibits the proliferation of promastigotes and produces an anti-inflammatory effect via the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production. In addition, it increases macrophage activation, TLR-2, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-17 production, and downregulation of IL-12. In Plasmodium and Trypanosoma, propolis inhibits the parasitemia, improving anemia and increasing the IFN-γ, TNF-α, and GM-CSF cytokines levels, most likely due to its strong immunomodulatory activity. Moreover, propolis extract arrests proliferation of T. cruzi, because it has aromatic acids and flavonoids. In toxoplasmosis, propolis increases the specific IgM and IgG titers via decreasing the serum IFN-γ, IL-1, and IL-6 cytokines levels in the rats infected with T. gondii. In Cryptosporidium and Giardia, it decreases oocysts shedding due to phytochemical constituents, particularly phenolic compounds, and increases the number of goblet cells. Propolis inhibits the growth of Blastocystis, possibly by apoptotic mechanisms like metronidazole. Unfortunately, the mechanism action of propolis' anti-Trichomonas and anti-Acanthamoeba is not well-known yet. CONCLUSION Reviewing the related literature could highlight promising antimicrobial activities of propolis against intracellular and extracellular protozoan parasites; this could shed light on the exploration of more effective drugs for the treatment of protozoan parasitic infections in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Asfaram
- Research Center for Zoonoses, Parasitic and Microbial Diseases, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Iranian National Registry Center for Lophomoniasis and Toxoplasmosis, Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Farah-Abad Road, P.O Box: 48471-91971, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahdi Fakhar
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Iranian National Registry Center for Lophomoniasis and Toxoplasmosis, Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Farah-Abad Road, P.O Box: 48471-91971, Sari, Iran.
| | - Masoud Keighobadi
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Iranian National Registry Center for Lophomoniasis and Toxoplasmosis, Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Farah-Abad Road, P.O Box: 48471-91971, Sari, Iran.
| | - Javad Akhtari
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Acanthamoeba keratitis in a mouse model using a novel approach. Indian J Med Microbiol 2021; 39:523-527. [PMID: 33508396 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Acanthamoeba is increasingly implicated in causing keratitis in patients wearing contact lens or ocular trauma and has a poor prognosis. Establishment of an animal model is critical to study the disease pathology, pathogenesis and to evaluate anti-amoebic drugs. Some studies have used contact lenses to establish Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) in a mouse model, which is expensive and not very successful as lenses get dislodged. OBJECTIVE To assess the feasibility of using parafilm (Bemis Company Inc., USA) as an alternative to contact lens for the establishment of AK in the mouse model. METHODS Thirty-six Balb/c mice in three groups of six mice each for two strains of Acanthamoeba were used to induce AK. Three experimental approaches used were; i) Acanthamoeba impregnated contact lens, ii) Acanthamoeba impregnated parafilm and iii) scratching followed by inoculation of Acanthamoeba suspension. In all three models, tarsorrhaphy was performed. Infection was evaluated by clinical examination and also through microscopic examination of corneal scrapings and corneal sections. RESULTS AK model was successfully established with parafilm whereas only one mouse developed AK with the use of contact lens and none with scratching and Acanthamoeba inoculation. CONCLUSION The use of parafilm is convenient, reliable and cheaper and can be considered an alternative to contact lenses to induce AK in a mouse model.
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Sharma C, Thakur A, Bhatia A, Gupta A, Khurana S. WITHDRAWN: Acanthamoeba keratitis in a mouse model using a novel approach. Indian J Med Microbiol 2020:S0255-0857(20)30027-X. [PMID: 33468333 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chayan Sharma
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anchal Thakur
- Advanced Eye Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Alka Bhatia
- Department of Experimental Medicine & Biotechnology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Amit Gupta
- Advanced Eye Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sumeeta Khurana
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India.
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8
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Efficient therapeutic effect of Nigella sativa aqueous extract and chitosan nanoparticles against experimentally induced Acanthamoeba keratitis. Parasitol Res 2019; 118:2443-2454. [PMID: 31144032 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06359-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) is a devastating, painful corneal infection, which may lead to loss of vision. The development of resistance and failure of the currently used drugs represent a therapeutic predicament. Thus, novel therapies with lethal effects on resistant Acanthamoeba are necessary to combat AK. In the present study, the curative effect of Nigella sativa aqueous extract (N. sativa) and chitosan nanoparticles (nCs) and both agents combined were assessed in experimentally induced AK. All inoculated corneas developed varying grades of AK. The study medications were applied on the 5th day postinoculation and were evaluated by clinical examination of the cornea and cultivation of corneal scraps. On the 10th day posttreatment, a 100% cure of AK was obtained with nCs (100 μg/ml) in grades 1 and 2 of corneal opacity as well as with N. sativa 60 mg/ml-nCs 100 μg/ml in grades 1, 2, and 3 of corneal opacity, highlighting a possible synergistic effect. On the 15th day posttreatment, a 100% cure was reached with N. sativa aqueous extract (60 mg/ml). Moreover, on the 20th day posttreatment, N. sativa (30 mg/ml) provided a cure rate of 87.5%, while nCs (50 μg/ml) as well as N. sativa 30 mg/ml-nCs 50 μg/ml yielded a cure rate of 75%; the lowest percentage of cure (25%) was obtained with chlorhexidine (0.02%), showing a non-significant difference compared to the parasite control. The clinical outcomes were in agreement with the results of corneal scrap cultivation. The results of the present study demonstrate the effectiveness of N. sativa aqueous extract and nCs (singly or combined) when used against AK, and these agents show potential for the development of new, effective, and safe therapeutic alternatives.
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Habibpour H, Haddad MF, Shokri A, Nejadi SH. A review of Acanthamoeba keratitis in the middle East and Iran. JOURNAL OF ACUTE DISEASE 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/2221-6189.263705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Martin LFT, Rocha EM, Garcia SB, Paula JS. Topical Brazilian propolis improves corneal wound healing and inflammation in rats following alkali burns. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 13:337. [PMID: 24279635 PMCID: PMC4224050 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the Brazilian Scaptotrigona sp propolis, a widely used folk medicine, in corneal wound healing and inflammation. Methods Corneal epithelial defects of 1 mm in diameter were made in the right eyes of Wistar male adult rats by cauterization with silver nitrate sticks. Subsequently, they were divided in two groups (n = 40 rats/group): Brazilian propolis (BP) group was topically treated with a microemulsion containing 1% Brazilian propolis; vehicle (VH) group received the same formulation without propolis. The epithelial defect area was photographed and measured at t = 0 (wound induction), and after 12, 24, 48 and 120 h of treatment. The inflammatory response was evaluated based on counting of neutrophils. Epithelial regeneration rates were determined based on Ki-67 expression in basal epithelial cells. Comparisons were made using the Kruskal-Wallis and the Mann–Whitney U test. Results The BP group presented both smaller epithelial defect areas at 12, 24 and 48 h and fewer corneal infiltrating neutrophils at 24 and 48 h (P < 0.01) than the VH group. These effects were associated with more pervasive Ki-67 staining in the BP group at 12 and 24 h (P < 0.05). Conclusions Topically applied BP accelerated wound healing and reduced the inflammatory response to silver nitrate-induced corneal alkali burns in rats.
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David ÉB, de Carvalho TB, Oliveira CMBD, Coradi ST, Sforcin JM, Guimarães S. Characterisation of protease activity in extracellular products secreted byGiardia duodenalistrophozoites treated with propolis. Nat Prod Res 2012; 26:370-4. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2010.515547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
AbstractPropolis has been used in traditional folk medicine for ages owing to a number of biological effects. Four propolis samples of Czech and one of Slovak origin were extracted using Soxhlet apparatus and analysed by thin-layer chromatography. Raw propolis samples and their extracts were tested by microdilution broth method to determine minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) in eight strains of human pathogenic fungi. Raw propolis samples showed a lower in vitro antifungal activity than their extracts. In general, the petroleum ether extracts exhibited the highest in vitro antifungal activity (MIC range of 16–64 µg/ml). The content of flavonoids in the samples varied according to region. The highest amount of flavonoids was found in sample A that originated from Broumov (4%). The most susceptible to the propolis extracts were Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Candida albicans. The propolis samples of Czech and Slovak origin and their extracts showed a considerable in vitro antifungal effect which was associated especially with nonpolar petroleum ether and toluene extracts. There was only a partial correlation between flavonoids content and in vitro antifungal activity.
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Chikaraishi Y, Izuta H, Shimazawa M, Mishima S, Hara H. Angiostatic effects of Brazilian green propolis and its chemical constituents. Mol Nutr Food Res 2010; 54:566-75. [PMID: 19960454 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200900115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Propolis, a resinous substance collected by honeybees from various plant sources, has several pharmacological actions, such as anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-angiogenic effects of a water extract of Brazilian green propolis (WEP) and its constituents, caffeoylquinic acid derivatives, against angiogenic processes in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro. We also examined the anti-angiogenic effects of WEP against retinal neovascularization in a murine oxygen-induced retinopathy model in vivo. WEP and its constituents significantly suppressed vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced HUVEC proliferation, migration, and tube formation in vitro. WEP and its caffeoylquinic acid derivatives suppressed VEGF-stimulated phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase in HUVECs (versus VEGF alone). Moreover, WEP (300 mg/kg/day, subcutaneously for 5 days) significantly suppressed retinal neovascularization in the murine oxygen-induced retinopathy model. These data indicate that (i) WEP has angiostatic effects against angiogenic processes in vitro and in an in vivo model of murine oxygen-induced retinopathy and (ii) the inhibitory effects of WEP against in vitro angiogenesis are chiefly derived from its caffeoylquinic acid derivatives. Judging from these findings, WEP and its caffeoylquinic acid derivatives may represent candidates for preventive or therapeutic agents against diseases caused by angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Chikaraishi
- Department of Biofunctional Evaluation, Molecular Pharmacology, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
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Ren M, Wu X. Evaluation of three different methods to establish animal models of Acanthamoeba keratitis. Yonsei Med J 2010; 51:121-7. [PMID: 20046525 PMCID: PMC2799973 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2010.51.1.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2009] [Revised: 05/12/2009] [Accepted: 05/15/2009] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To produce animal models of Acanthamoeba keratitis and to evaluate the advantages and adaptation range of each of the three methods employed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice and Wistar rats in three groups of 15 rats and 15 mice each were used to establish the models. Right corneas in group A were scratched and challenged with Acanthamoeba. Those in group B were scratched and covered with contact lenses incubated with Acanthamoeba. Those in group C received an intrastromal injection of Acanthamoeba. Five rats and 5 mice in each group were used for histopathological investigations and the other 10 in each group were used for clinical evaluation. The models were evaluated by slit lamp examination, microscopic examination and culture of corneal scrapings, HE staining of corneal sections, and pathological scoring of the infections. RESULTS Four rats and 6 mice in group A, 7 rats and 8 mice in group B, and 10 rats and 10 mice in group C developed typical Acanthamoeba keratitis. CONCLUSION Corneal scratching alone has the lowest infection rate, while scratching and then covering with contaminated contact lenses has a moderate rate of infection and most closely mimics what happens in most human infections. Intrastromal injection of Acanthamoeba gives a much higher infection rate and more severe Acanthamoeba keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyu Ren
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinyi Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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