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LRP5 biallelic mutations cause a higher incidence of severe phenotype compared to LRP5 monoallelic mutation. Retina 2022; 42:1958-1964. [DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000003543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Joyce H, Burmeister LM, Wright H, Fleming L, Oliver JAC, Mellersh C. Identification of a variant in NDP associated with X-linked retinal dysplasia in the English cocker spaniel dog. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251071. [PMID: 33945575 PMCID: PMC8096109 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Three related male English Cocker Spaniels (ECS) were reported to be congenitally blind. Examination of one of these revealed complete retinal detachment. A presumptive diagnosis of retinal dysplasia (RD) was provided and pedigree analysis was suggestive of an X-linked mode of inheritance. We sought to investigate the genetic basis of RD in this family of ECS. Methods Following whole genome sequencing (WGS) of the one remaining male RD-affected ECS, two distinct investigative approaches were employed: a candidate gene approach and a whole genome approach. In the candidate gene approach, COL9A2, COL9A3, NHEJ1, RS1 and NDP genes were investigated based on their known associations with RD and retinal detachment in dogs and humans. In the whole genome approach, affected WGS was compared with 814 unaffected canids to identify candidate variants, which were filtered based on appropriate segregation and predicted pathogenic effects followed by subsequent investigation of gene function. Candidate variants were tested for appropriate segregation in the ECS family and association with disease was assessed using samples from a total of 180 ECS. Results The same variant in NDP (c.653_654insC, p.Met114Hisfs*16) that was predicted to result in 15 aberrant amino acids before a premature stop in norrin protein, was identified independently by both approaches and was shown to segregate appropriately within the ECS family. Association of this variant with X-linked RD was significant (P = 0.0056). Conclusions For the first time, we report a variant associated with canine X-linked RD. NDP variants are already known to cause X-linked RD, along with other abnormalities, in human Norrie disease. Thus, the dog may serve as a useful large animal model for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Joyce
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dick White Referrals, Six Mile Bottom, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centre for Small Animal Studies, Animal Health Trust, Kentford, Newmarket, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Louise M. Burmeister
- Department of Canine Genetics, Kennel Club Genetics Centre, Animal Health Trust, Kentford, Newmarket, United Kingdom
| | - Hattie Wright
- Department of Canine Genetics, Kennel Club Genetics Centre, Animal Health Trust, Kentford, Newmarket, United Kingdom
| | - Lorraine Fleming
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dick White Referrals, Six Mile Bottom, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centre for Small Animal Studies, Animal Health Trust, Kentford, Newmarket, United Kingdom
| | - James A. C. Oliver
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dick White Referrals, Six Mile Bottom, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Cathryn Mellersh
- Department of Canine Genetics, Kennel Club Genetics Centre, Animal Health Trust, Kentford, Newmarket, United Kingdom
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Simcoe MJ, Khawaja AP, Mahroo OA, Hammond CJ, Hysi PG. The Role of Chromosome X in Intraocular Pressure Variation and Sex-Specific Effects. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:20. [PMID: 32926103 PMCID: PMC7490223 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.11.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify genetic variants on chromosome X associated with intraocular pressure (IOP) and determine if they possess any sex-specific effects. Methods Association analyses were performed across chromosome X using 102,407 participants from the UK Biobank. Replication and validation analyses were conducted in an additional 6599 participants from the EPIC-Norfolk cohort, and an independent 331,682 participants from the UK Biobank. Results We identified three loci associated with IOP at genomewide significance (P < 5 × 10-8), located within or near the following genes: MXRA5 (rs2107482, P = 7.1 × 10-11), GPM6B (rs66819623, P = 6.9 × 10-10), NDP, and EFHC2 (rs12558081, P = 4.9 × 10-11). Alleles associated with increased IOP were also associated with increased risk for primary open-angle glaucoma in an independent sample. Finally, our results indicate that chromosome X genetics most likely do not illicit sex-specific effects on IOP. Conclusions In this study, we report the results of genomewide levels of association of three loci on chromosome X with IOP, and provide a framework to include chromosome X in large-scale genomewide association analyses for complex phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J. Simcoe
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
- KCL Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, London, United Kingdom
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony P. Khawaja
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfield's Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Omar A. Mahroo
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J. Hammond
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
- KCL Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pirro G. Hysi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
- KCL Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, London, United Kingdom
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Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy-Related Disease-Causing Genes and Norrin/ β-Catenin Signal Pathway: Structure, Function, and Mutation Spectrums. J Ophthalmol 2019; 2019:5782536. [PMID: 31827910 PMCID: PMC6885210 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5782536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) is a hereditary ocular disorder characterized by incomplete vascularization/abnormality of peripheral retina. Four of the identified disease-causing genes of FEVR were NDP, FZD4, LRP5, and TSPAN12, the protein coded by which were the components of the Norrin/β-catenin signal pathway. In this review, we summarized and discussed the spectrum of mutations involving these four genes. By the end of 2017, the number of FEVR causing mutations reported for NDP, FZD4, LRP5, and TSPAN12 was, respectively, 26, 121, 58, and 40. Three most frequently reported mutations were c. 362G > A (p.R121Q) of NDP, c. 313A > G (p.M105V), and c.1282_1285delGACA (p.D428SfsX2) of FZD4. Mutations have a tendency to cluster in some “hotspots” domains which may be responsible for protein interactions.
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Li JK, Li Y, Zhang X, Chen CL, Rao YQ, Fei P, Zhang Q, Zhao P, Li J. Spectrum of Variants in 389 Chinese Probands With Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 59:5368-5381. [PMID: 30452590 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-23541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To identify potentially pathogenic variants (PPVs) in Chinese familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) patients in FZD4, LRP5, NDP, TSPAN12, ZNF408, and KIF11 genes. Methods Blood samples were collected from probands and their parent(s). Genomic DNA was analyzed by next-generation sequencing, and the sequence of selected variants were validated by Sanger sequencing. The potential pathogenicity of a variant was evaluated by in silico analysis and by cosegregation of the variant with disease. Each proband was subjected to comprehensive retinal examinations, and the severity of FEVR was individually graded for each eye. Whenever possible, fundus fluorescein angiography was obtained and analyzed for parent(s) of each proband. Variation in mutation expressivity was analyzed. Results Three hundred eighty-nine consecutive FEVR patients from 389 families participated in this study. About 74% of the probands were children younger than 7 years old. One hundred one PPVs, 49 variants with unknown significance (VUS), were identified, including 73 novel PPVs and 38 novel VUS. One hundred ten probands carried PPV (28.3%), and 51 probands carried VUS (13.1%). PPVs in FZD4, LRP5, TSPAN12, NDP, ZNF408, and KIF11 were found in 8.48%, 9.00%, 5.91%, 4.63%, 0.77%, and 0.77% of the cohort, respectively. Probands carrying PPVs in NDP and KIF11 had more severe FEVR in general than those carrying PPVs in other genes. Overall, variants in LRP5 and FZD4 showed more significant variation in phenotype than variants in TSPAN12 and NDP genes. Conclusions Our study expanded the spectrum of PPVs associated with FEVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Kai Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xin Hua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yian Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xin Hua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xin Hua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun-Li Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu-Qing Rao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xin Hua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Fei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xin Hua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xin Hua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiquan Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xin Hua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xin Hua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Talebi F, Ghanbari Mardasi F, Mohammadi Asl J, Lashgari A, Farhadi F. Identification of A Novel Missense Mutation in The Norrie Disease Gene: The First Molecular Genetic Analysis and Prenatal Diagnosis of Norrie Disease in An Iranian Family. CELL JOURNAL 2018; 20:290-292. [PMID: 29633608 PMCID: PMC5893302 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2018.5090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Norrie disease (ND) is a rare X-linked recessive disorder, which is characterized by congenital blindness and, in
several cases, accompanied with mental retardation and deafness. ND is caused by mutations in NDP, located
on the proximal short arm of the X chromosome (Xp11.3). The disease has been observed in many ethnic groups
worldwide, however, no such case has been reported from Iran. In this study, we present the molecular analysis
of two patients with ND and the subsequent prenatal diagnosis (PND). Screening of NDP identified a hemizygous
missense mutation (p.Ser133Cys) in the affected male siblings of the family. The mother was the carrier for the
mutation (p.Ser133Cys). In a subsequent chorionic amniotic pregnancy, we carried out PND by sequencing NDP
in the chorionic villi sample at 11 weeks of gestation. The fetus was carrying the mutation and thus unaffected.
This is the first mutation report and PND of an Iranian family with ND, and highlights the importance of prenatal
diagnostic screening of this congenital disorder and relevant genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Javad Mohammadi Asl
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Lashgari
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Freidoon Farhadi
- Department of Social Science, Islamic Azad University of Shoushtar, Shoushtar, Iran
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Jia B, Huang L, Chen Y, Liu S, Chen C, Xiong K, Song L, Zhou Y, Yang X, Zhong M. A novel contiguous deletion involving NDP, MAOB and EFHC2 gene in a patient with familial Norrie disease: bilateral blindness and leucocoria without other deficits. J Genet 2018; 96:1015-1020. [PMID: 29321361 DOI: 10.1007/s12041-017-0869-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Contiguous microdeletions of the Norrie disease pseudoglioma (NDP) region on chromosome Xp11.3 have been widely confirmed as contributing to the typical clinical features of Norrie disease (ND). However, the precise relation between genotype and phenotype could vary. The contiguous deletion of NDP and its neighbouring genes, MAOA/B and EFHC2, reportedly leads to syndromic clinical features such as microcephaly, intellectual disability, and epilepsy. Herewe report a novel contiguous microdeletion of the NDP region containing the MAOB and EFHC2 genes,which causes eye defects but no cognitive disability.We detected a deletion of 494.6 kb atXp11.3 in both the proband and carrier mother. This deletionwas then used as the molecular marker in prenatal diagnosis for two subsequent pregnancies. The deletion was absent in one of the foetuses, who remain without any abnormalities at 2 years of age. The proband shows the typical ocular clinical features of ND including bilateral retinal detachment, microphthalmia, atrophic irides, corneal opacification, and cataracts, but no symptoms of microcephaly, intellectual disability, and epilepsy. This familial study demonstrates that a deficiency in one of two MAO genes may not lead to psychomotor delay, and deletion of EFHC2 may not cause epilepsy. Our observations provide new information on the genotype-phenotype relations of MAOA/B and EFHC2 genes involved in the contiguous deletions of ND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Jia
- The Center for Prenatal and Hereditary DiseaseDiagnosis,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, People's Republic of China.
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Sızmaz S, Yonekawa Y, T Trese M. Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy. Turk J Ophthalmol 2015; 45:164-168. [PMID: 27800225 PMCID: PMC5082275 DOI: 10.4274/tjo.67699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) is a hereditary disease associated with visual loss, particularly in the pediatric group. Mutations in the NDP, FZD4, LRP5, and TSPAN12 genes have been shown to contribute to FEVR. FEVR has been reported to have X-linked recessive, autosomal dominant, and autosomal recessive inheritances. However, both the genotypic and phenotypic features are variable. Novel mutations contributing to the disease have been reported. The earliest and the most prominent finding of the disease is avascularity in the peripheral retina. As the disease progresses, retinal neovascularization, subretinal exudation, partial and total retinal detachment may occur, which may be associated with certain mutations. With early diagnosis and prompt management visual loss can be prevented with laser photocoagulation and anti-VEGF injections. In case of retinal detachment, pars plana vitrectomy alone or combined with scleral buckling should be considered. Identifying asymptomatic family members with various degrees of insidious findings is of certain importance. Wide-field imaging with fluorescein angiography is crucial in the management of this disease. The differential diagnosis includes other pediatric vitreoretinopathies such as Norrie disease, retinopathy of prematurity, and Coats’ disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selçuk Sızmaz
- Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Adana, Turkey
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Weh E, Reis LM, Happ HC, Levin AV, Wheeler PG, David KL, Carney E, Angle B, Hauser N, Semina EV. Whole exome sequence analysis of Peters anomaly. Hum Genet 2014; 133:1497-511. [PMID: 25182519 PMCID: PMC4395516 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-014-1481-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Peters anomaly is a rare form of anterior segment ocular dysgenesis, which can also be associated with additional systemic defects. At this time, the majority of cases of Peters anomaly lack a genetic diagnosis. We performed whole exome sequencing of 27 patients with syndromic or isolated Peters anomaly to search for pathogenic mutations in currently known ocular genes. Among the eight previously recognized Peters anomaly genes, we identified a de novo missense mutation in PAX6, c.155G>A, p.(Cys52Tyr), in one patient. Analysis of 691 additional genes currently associated with a different ocular phenotype identified a heterozygous splicing mutation c.1025+2T>A in TFAP2A, a de novo heterozygous nonsense mutation c.715C>T, p.(Gln239*) in HCCS, a hemizygous mutation c.385G>A, p.(Glu129Lys) in NDP, a hemizygous mutation c.3446C>T, p.(Pro1149Leu) in FLNA, and compound heterozygous mutations c.1422T>A, p.(Tyr474*) and c.2544G>A, p.(Met848Ile) in SLC4A11; all mutations, except for the FLNA and SLC4A11 c.2544G>A alleles, are novel. This is the first study to use whole exome sequencing to discern the genetic etiology of a large cohort of patients with syndromic or isolated Peters anomaly. We report five new genes associated with this condition and suggest screening of TFAP2A and FLNA in patients with Peters anomaly and relevant syndromic features and HCCS, NDP and SLC4A11 in patients with isolated Peters anomaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Weh
- Department of Pediatrics and Children’s Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy Department, Medical, College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Linda M. Reis
- Department of Pediatrics and Children’s Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Hannah C. Happ
- Department of Pediatrics and Children’s Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Alex V. Levin
- Pediatric Ophthalmology and Ocular Genetics, Wills Eye, Hospital, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | | | - Karen L. David
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, New York, Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY 11215, USA
| | - Erin Carney
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, New York, Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY 11215, USA
| | - Brad Angle
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Natalie Hauser
- Center for Human Genetics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Elena V. Semina
- Department of Pediatrics and Children’s Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy Department, Medical, College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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Jakobiec FA, Rai R, Rashid A, Kanoff J, Mukai S. Dystrophic hyaloid artery remnants and other abnormalities in a buphthalmic eye with retinoblastoma. Surv Ophthalmol 2014; 59:636-42. [PMID: 25233827 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Partial persistence of the hyaloid artery unaccompanied by hyperplastic primary vitreous has not been previously reported in association with retinoblastoma. We describe an 18-month-old child with such a finding who had a retinoblastoma that was undifferentiated, extensively necrotic, heavily calcified, and completely filled the eyeball. The enucleated globe harbored a nonperfused, fossilized remnant of the hyaloid artery due to DNA/calcium deposition in the vascular wall. This structure inserted into a lenticular, extracapsular, fibrous plaque corresponding to a Mittendorf dot. The tumor had induced a placoid cataractous lens, obliterated the anterior and posterior chambers, caused glaucoma leading to buphthalmos, and extended into the optic nerve and extraocularly to involve the orbit. We conclude that the retinoblastoma arose early in ocular morphogenesis, at around 4 months gestation, when the programmed involution of the hyaloid artery begins. This process would typically end at 7-8 months gestation, but was aborted by the tumor. The patient died 6 weeks after surgery without receiving further treatment because of the parents' resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick A Jakobiec
- Department of Ophthalmology, David G. Cogan Laboratory of Ophthalmic Pathology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Ruju Rai
- Department of Ophthalmology, David G. Cogan Laboratory of Ophthalmic Pathology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alia Rashid
- Department of Ophthalmology, David G. Cogan Laboratory of Ophthalmic Pathology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Justin Kanoff
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Retina Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shizuo Mukai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Retina Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Zhang XY, Jiang WY, Chen LM, Chen SQ. A novel Norrie disease pseudoglioma gene mutation, c.-1_2delAAT, responsible for Norrie disease in a Chinese family. Int J Ophthalmol 2013; 6:739-43. [PMID: 24392318 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2013.06.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the genetic findings and phenotypic characteristics of a Chinese family with Norrie disease (ND). METHODS Molecular genetic analysis and clinical examinations were performed on a Chinese family with ND. Mutations in the Norrie disease pseudoglioma (NDP) gene were detected by direct sequencing. Haplotypes were constructed and compared with the phenotypes in the family. Evolutionary comparisons and mutant open reading frame (ORF) prediction were also undertaken. RESULTS Two family members with ocular manifestations were diagnosed with ND. No signs of sensorineural hearing loss were observed in either patient, while one of them showed signs of mild mental retardation. A novel heterozygous mutation in the NDP gene, c.-1_2delAAT, was detected in both patients. The mutation and the mutation bearing haplotype co-segregated with the ND phenotype in males and was transmitted from their mothers and/or grandmothers (II:2). The male without ND did not harbor the mutation. The mutation occurred at the highly conserved nucleotides. ORF finder predicted that the mutation would lead to the production of a truncated protein that lacks the first 11 N-terminal amino acids. CONCLUSION A novel mutation, c.-1_2delAAT in the NDP gene, was identified in a Chinese family with ND. This mutation caused ND without obvious sensorineural hearing loss. Mental disorder was found in one but not the other patients. The clinical heterogeneity in the family indicated that other genetic variants and epigenetic factors may also play a role in the disease presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Zhang
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei-Ying Jiang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Zhongshan Medical College, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lu-Ming Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Zhongshan Medical College, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Su-Qin Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Zhongshan Medical College, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province, China
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Jakobiec FA, Zakka FR, D'Amato R, Deangelis MM, Walton DS, Rao RC. Unilateral sporadic retinal dysplasia: results of histopathologic, immunohistochemical, chromosomal, genetic, and VEGF-A analyses. J AAPOS 2011; 15:579-86. [PMID: 22153404 PMCID: PMC4242509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2011.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Revised: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe new findings in a case of unilateral retinal dysplasia. METHODS Histopathologic evaluation of an enucleated globe and analysis with immunohistochemical probes, karyotyping, and genetic analysis for the Norrie gene, and aqueous assay for vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A). RESULTS Histopathological examination of the globe revealed retinal dysplasia with pseudorosette formation, abnormal or absent retinal nuclear lamination, a paucity of disorganized retinal microvasculature, retinal infoldings, advanced gliosis, persistent hyperplastic vitreous, exuberant neovascularization of the vitreous, and iris neovascularization (identical to the findings observed in bilateral Norrie disease). Immunohistochemistry disclosed GFAP-positive and GLUT-1-positive gliosis and retinal and persistent hyperplastic vitreous microvessels that were CD34-positive and GLUT-1-negative. Ki-67-positive retinal cells were polarized toward the subretinal space and absent in the retinal invaginations and pseudorosettes. A normal karyotype was found, and DNA sequencing revealed no known mutation in the region of the Norrie gene (NDP) in sputum or retinal DNA. Aqueous obtained immediately after enucleation contained an exceptionally high concentration of VEGF-A (4.5 ng/mL). CONCLUSIONS Despite the failure to find an abnormal NDP allele, other unexplored NDP regions, an undetected defect restricted to retinal tissues, or an autosomal mutation coupled with disrupted signaling pathways may be responsible for the condition. High aqueous VEGF-A suggests that this cytokine may play a role in pathogenesis in conjunction with other pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick A Jakobiec
- David G. Cogan Laboratory of Ophthalmic Pathology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
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