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Zeri F, Di Vizio A, Lucia S, Berchicci M, Bianco V, Pitzalis S, Tavazzi S, Naroo SA, Di Russo F. Cortical dynamics in visual areas induced by the first use of multifocal contact lenses in presbyopes. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2024; 47:102137. [PMID: 38485618 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2024.102137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
A common non-spectacle strategy to correct presbyopia is to provide simultaneous images with multifocal optical designs. Understanding the neuroadaptation mechanisms behind multifocal devices usage would have important clinical implications, such as predicting whether patients will be able to tolerate multifocal optics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the brain correlates during the initial wear of multifocal contact lenses (CLs) using high-density visual evoked potential (VEP) measures. Fifteen presbyopes (mean age 51.8 ± 2.6 years) who had previously not used multifocal CLs were enrolled. VEP measures were achieved while participants looked at arrays of 0.5 logMAR Sloan letters in three different optical conditions arranged with CLs: monofocal condition with the optical power appropriate for the distance viewing; multifocal correction with medium addition; and multifocal correction with low addition. An ANOVA for repeated measures showed that the amplitude of the C1 and N1 components significantly dropped with both multifocal low and medium addition CL conditions compared to monofocal CLs. The P1 and P2 components showed opposite behavior with an increase in amplitudes for multifocal compared to monofocal conditions. VEP data indicated that multifocal presbyopia corrections produce a loss of feedforward activity in the primary visual cortex that is compensated by extra feedback activity in extrastriate areas only, in both early and late visual processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Zeri
- Department of Materials Science. University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy; COMiB Research Centre in Optics and Optometry. University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy; College of Health and Life Sciences. Aston University, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Assunta Di Vizio
- COMiB Research Centre in Optics and Optometry. University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy; Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Lucia
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Marika Berchicci
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy; Department of Psychological, Humanistic and Territorial Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Valentina Bianco
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy; Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sabrina Pitzalis
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy; IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Tavazzi
- Department of Materials Science. University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy; COMiB Research Centre in Optics and Optometry. University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Shehzad A Naroo
- College of Health and Life Sciences. Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Francesco Di Russo
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy; IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation Rome, Italy
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Wolffsohn JS, Berkow D, Chan KY, Chaurasiya SK, Fadel D, Haddad M, Imane T, Jones L, Sheppard AL, Vianya-Estopa M, Walsh K, Woods J, Zeri F, Morgan PB. BCLA CLEAR Presbyopia: Evaluation and diagnosis. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2024:102156. [PMID: 38641525 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2024.102156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
It is important to be able to measure the range of clear focus in clinical practice to advise on presbyopia correction techniques and to optimise the correction power. Both subjective and objective techniques are necessary: subjective techniques (such as patient reported outcome questionnaires and defocus curves) assess the impact of presbyopia on a patient and how the combination of residual objective accommodation and their natural DoF work for them; objective techniques (such as autorefraction, corneal topography and lens imaging) allow the clinician to understand how well a technique is working optically and whether it is the right choice or how adjustments can be made to optimise performance. Techniques to assess visual performance and adverse effects must be carefully conducted to gain a reliable end-point, considering the target size, contrast and illumination. Objective techniques are generally more reliable, can help to explain unexpected subjective results and imaging can be a powerful communication tool with patients. A clear diagnosis, excluding factors such as binocular vision issues or digital eye strain that can also cause similar symptoms, is critical for the patient to understand and adapt to presbyopia. Some corrective options are more permanent, such as implanted inlays / intraocular lenses or laser refractive surgery, so the optics can be trialled with contact lenses in advance (including differences between the eyes) to better communicate with the patient how the optics will work for them so they can make an informed choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S Wolffsohn
- School of Optometry, Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
| | - David Berkow
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ka Yin Chan
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong
| | - Suraj K Chaurasiya
- Department of Contact Lens and Anterior Segment, CL Gupta Eye Institute, Moradabad, India; Department of Optometry and Vision Science, CL Gupta Eye Institute, Moradabad, India
| | - Daddi Fadel
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Mera Haddad
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Allied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Tarib Imane
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States
| | - Lyndon Jones
- Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong; Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Amy L Sheppard
- School of Optometry, Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Vianya-Estopa
- Vision and Hearing Research Centre, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Walsh
- CooperVision Inc., San Ramon, CA, United States
| | - Jill Woods
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Fabrizio Zeri
- School of Optometry, Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom; University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Materials Science, Milan, Italy
| | - Philip B Morgan
- Eurolens Research, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
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Markoulli M, Fricke TR, Arvind A, Frick KD, Hart KM, Joshi MR, Kandel H, Filipe Macedo A, Makrynioti D, Retallic N, Garcia-Porta N, Shrestha G, Wolffsohn JS. BCLA CLEAR Presbyopia: Epidemiology and impact. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2024:102157. [PMID: 38594155 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2024.102157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The global all-ages prevalence of epidemiologically-measured 'functional' presbyopia was estimated at 24.9% in 2015, affecting 1.8 billion people. This prevalence was projected to stabilise at 24.1% in 2030 due to increasing myopia, but to affect more people (2.1 billion) due to population dynamics. Factors affecting the prevalence of presbyopia include age, geographic location, urban versus rural location, sex, and, to a lesser extent, socioeconomic status, literacy and education, health literacy and inequality. Risk factors for early onset of presbyopia included environmental factors, nutrition, near demands, refractive error, accommodative dysfunction, medications, certain health conditions and sleep. Presbyopia was found to impact on quality-of-life, in particular quality of vision, labour force participation, work productivity and financial burden, mental health, social wellbeing and physical health. Current understanding makes it clear that presbyopia is a very common age-related condition that has significant impacts on both patient-reported outcome measures and economics. However, there are complexities in defining presbyopia for epidemiological and impact studies. Standardisation of definitions will assist future synthesis, pattern analysis and sense-making between studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Markoulli
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, Australia.
| | - Timothy R Fricke
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, Australia; Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Melbourne, Australia; National Vision Research Institute, Australian College of Optometry, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anitha Arvind
- Department of Optometry, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, GD Goenka University, India
| | - Kevin D Frick
- Johns Hopkins Carey Business School, USA; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Departments of International Health and Health Policy and Management, USA; Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, USA
| | - Kerryn M Hart
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Australia; Member Support and Optometry Advancement, Optometry Australia, Australia
| | - Mahesh R Joshi
- School of Health Professions, University of Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Himal Kandel
- Save Sight Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia; Sydney Eye Hospital, Australia
| | - Antonio Filipe Macedo
- Department of Medicine and Optometry, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Linnaeus University, Sweden; Centre of Physics of Minho and Porto Universities, School of Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | | | - Neil Retallic
- Specsavers Optical Group, La Villiaze, St. Andrew's, Guernsey, United Kingdom
| | - Nery Garcia-Porta
- Applied Physics Department, Optics and Optometry Faculty, University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Institute of Materials (iMATUS) of the University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Gauri Shrestha
- Optometry Department, BPK Centre for Ophthalmic Studies, Institute of Medicine, Nepal
| | - James S Wolffsohn
- School of Optometry, Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Tavazzi S, Vlasak N, Zeri F. Effects of Lens-Induced Astigmatism at Near and Far Distances. CLINICAL OPTOMETRY 2023; 15:105-117. [PMID: 37181864 PMCID: PMC10171221 DOI: 10.2147/opto.s405472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To investigate and compare the degradation of visual acuity (VA) in myopic presbyopes due to lens-induced astigmatism at near and at far distance. Patients and Methods Fourteen corrected myopic presbyopes were recruited. VA (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) was measured binocularly for different conditions of lens-induced astigmatism: cylindrical powers of -0.25, -0.50, -0.75, -1.00, -1.50, and -2.00 diopters (and positive spherical power of half the cylindrical power) with two axis orientations (with-the-rule WTR and against-the-rule ATR) were added to their optical correction. Measurements were carried out at far and near distance both in photopic and mesopic conditions, and for high and low contrast (HC/LC) stimuli. The paired Wilcoxon signed-rank statistics test was used to evaluate difference between conditions. Results The measured VA as a function of the lens-induced astigmatism was described by regression lines in all investigated experimental conditions. The angular coefficients (slopes) of these lines represent the VA degradation, ie, the variation in logMAR corresponding to the addition of 1.00 diopters of cylindrical power. In photopic HC conditions, the VA degradation is significantly more pronounced at far distance than at near distance (0.22±0.06 diopters-1 vs 0.15±0.05 diopters-1, p = 0.0061 in WTR conditions; 0.18±0.06 diopters-1 vs 0.12±0.05 diopters-1, p = 0.0017 in ATR conditions), although VAs at near and at far with zero cylinder were similar (-0.14±0.10 vs -0.14±0.08, p = 0.824). Conclusion The better tolerance to lens-induced astigmatism blur at near than at far distance in photopic conditions with HC stimuli is tentatively attributed to a possible experience-mediated neural compensation associated to the tendency of the eye toward an inherent astigmatism at near.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Tavazzi
- Materials Science Department, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milam, I-20125, Italy
- University of Milano-Bicocca, COMiB Research Centre in Optics and Optometry, Milan, I-20125, Italy
- Correspondence: Silvia Tavazzi, Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Roberto Cozzi 55, Milan, I-20125, Italy, Tel +39 02 6448 5035, Email
| | | | - Fabrizio Zeri
- Materials Science Department, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milam, I-20125, Italy
- University of Milano-Bicocca, COMiB Research Centre in Optics and Optometry, Milan, I-20125, Italy
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
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Abstract
There are close to two billion individuals globally living with presbyopia. In spite of its ubiquitous and progressive nature, there is no widely accepted, formal guideline or consensus statement on the classification of presbyopia by degree of severity. A panel of leading eye care professionals representing both optometrists and ophthalmologists convened virtually to discuss and document their combined assessments from the body of literature and clinical practice expertise in this commentary. In light of emerging therapies, classifying presbyopia by mild, moderate, or advanced severity may help provide consistency of diagnosis among eye care providers and may aid in managing patient expectations with different treatment options.
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Talens-Estarelles C, García-Del Valle AM, García-Lázaro S. Impact of the pupil size - central optical zone diameter relationship on visual performance in aspheric multifocal contact lenses. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2021; 45:101440. [PMID: 33814283 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the impact of different central optical zone diameters (COZDs), obtained from pupil size, on the visual performance of presbyopic subjects fitted with centre-distance simultaneous-image multifocal contact lenses (SIMCLs). METHODS Thirty-two presbyopic volunteers, between 45-58 years of age, participated in this prospective, controlled, double-blind study. Subjects were fitted with 5 centre-distance SIMCLs of variable COZD, determined from the measurement of pupil size under photopic light conditions and corresponding to 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100 % of pupil diameter. Subjects visual performance was evaluated through the measurement of distance, intermediate and near visual acuity (VA), "visual functional range" (VFR) obtained from the VA Defocus Curve (VADC) and Contrast Sensitivity Function (CSF), using a third-generation retina display iPad. RESULTS Statistically significant differences were obtained for both distance (p = 0.01) and intermediate (p = 0.001) VA amongst designs. Best results were obtained with 80 % and 90 % COZDs compared to 60 %. No significant differences in VFR (p > 0.05) were obtained amongst the different COZDs. 90 and 100 % COZDs offered statistically significant better results at 6 and 18 cycles per degree (cpd) in the CSF, compared to the 60 and 70 % designs. CONCLUSIONS SIMCLs with COZDs of 80-90 % and of 90-100% of photopic pupil diameter offered better distance and intermediate VA, without a decline in near performance, and superior contrast sensitivity at medium and high spatial frequencies respectively, compared to lower COZD designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Talens-Estarelles
- Department of Optics & Optometry & Vision Sciences, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - S García-Lázaro
- Department of Optics & Optometry & Vision Sciences, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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Zeri F, Naroo SA, Zoccolotti P, De Luca M. Pattern of reading eye movements during monovision contact lens wear in presbyopes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15574. [PMID: 30349058 PMCID: PMC6197269 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33934-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Monovision can be used as a method to correct presbyopia with contact lenses (CL) but its effect on reading behavior is still poorly understood. In this study eye movements (EM) were recorded in fifteen presbyopic participants, naïve to monovision, whilst they read arrays of words, non-words, and text passages to assess whether monovision affected their reading. Three conditions were compared, using daily disposable CLs: baseline (near correction in both eyes), conventional monovision (distance correction in the dominant eye, near correction in the non-dominant eye), and crossed monovision (the reversal of conventional monovision). Behavioral measures (reading speed and accuracy) and EM parameters (single fixation duration, number of fixations, dwell time per item, percentage of regressions, and percentage of skipped items) were analyzed. When reading passages, no differences in behavioral and EM measures were seen in any comparison of the three conditions. The number of fixations and dwell time significantly increased for both monovision and crossed monovision with respect to baseline only with word and non-word arrays. It appears that monovision did not appreciably alter visual processing when reading meaningful texts but some limited stress of the EM pattern was observed only with arrays of unrelated or meaningless items under monovision, which require the reader to have more in-depth controlled visual processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Zeri
- Ophthalmic Research Group. School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, United Kingdom. .,University of Milano Bicocca, Department of Materials Science, 20125, Milan, Italy.
| | - Shehzad A Naroo
- Ophthalmic Research Group. School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, United Kingdom
| | - Pierluigi Zoccolotti
- Neuropsychology Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, 00179, Italy.,Department of Psychology, Sapienza University, Rome, 00176, Italy
| | - Maria De Luca
- Neuropsychology Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, 00179, Italy
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Zeri F, Berchicci M, Naroo SA, Pitzalis S, Di Russo F. Immediate cortical adaptation in visual and non-visual areas functions induced by monovision. J Physiol 2017; 596:253-266. [PMID: 29071723 DOI: 10.1113/jp274896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Monovision is an optical correction for presbyopes that consists of correcting one eye for far distance and the other for near distance, creating a superimposition of an in-focus with a blurred image. Brain adaptation to monovision was studied in unexperienced observers by measuring visual evoked potentials from 64-channels. The first clear effect of monovision on visual evoked potentials was the C1 amplitude reduction, indicating that the unilateral blurring induced by monovision reduces feed-forward activity in primary visual area. Monovision led also to an increased amplitude of the P1 and pP1 components, with the latter originating in prefrontal regions. This effect probably works as an attentional compensatory activity used to compensate for the degraded V1 signal. ABSTRACT A common and often successful option to correct presbyopia with contact lenses is monovision. This is an unbalanced correction across the two eyes where one eye is corrected for far vision and the other eye is corrected for near vision. Monovision is therefore a form of acquired anisometropia that causes a superimposition of an in-focus image with a blurred image. In spite of this visual anisometropia, monovision has been successfully used for many decadesl however the brain mechanism supporting monovision is not well understood. The present study aimed to measure the visual evoked potentials with a high-density electrode array (64-channel) in a group of presbyopes and to provide a detailed spatiotemporal analysis of the cortical activity after a short period of adaptation to monovision with contact lenses. When compared with a balanced eye near correction, monovision produced both a clear reduction of the earliest visual evoked potential components, the C1 and the N1, and an amplitude increase of the P1 and pP1. These results indicate that the unilateral blurring induced by wearing monovision contact lenses reduces feed-forward activity in the primary visual area and feedback activity in extrastriate areas (C1 and N1 reduction). Interestingly, other brain activities in both extrastriate visual areas (the P1 component) and in the anterior insula (the pP1 component) appear to compensate for this dysfunction, increasing their activity during monovision. These changes confirm the presence of fluid brain adaptation in visual and non-visual areas during monocular interferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Zeri
- Ophthalmic Research Group, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Marika Berchicci
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome 'Foro Italico', Rome, Italy
| | - Shehzad A Naroo
- Ophthalmic Research Group, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sabrina Pitzalis
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome 'Foro Italico', Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Russo
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome 'Foro Italico', Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation Rome, Italy
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Papadatou E, Del Águila-Carrasco AJ, Esteve-Taboada JJ, Madrid-Costa D, Cerviño-Expósito A. Objective assessment of the effect of pupil size upon the power distribution of multifocal contact lenses. Int J Ophthalmol 2017; 10:103-108. [PMID: 28149785 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2017.01.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To analytically assess the effect of pupil size upon the refractive power distributions of different designs of multifocal contact lenses. METHODS Two multifocal contact lenses of center-near design and one multifocal contact lens of center-distance design were used in this study. Their power profiles were measured using the NIMO TR1504 device (LAMBDA-X, Belgium). Based on their power profiles, the power distribution was assessed as a function of pupil size. For the high addition lenses, the resulting refractive power as a function of viewing distance (far, intermediate, and near) and pupil size was also analyzed. RESULTS The power distribution of the lenses was affected by pupil size differently. One of the lenses showed a significant spread in refractive power distribution, from about -3 D to 0 D. Generally, the power distribution of the lenses expanded as the pupil diameter became greater. The surface of the lens dedicated for each distance varied substantially with the design of the lens. CONCLUSION In an experimental basis, our results show how the lenses power distribution is affected by the pupil size and underlined the necessity of careful evaluation of the patient's visual needs and the optical properties of a multifocal contact lens for achieving the optimal visual outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Papadatou
- Optometry Research Group, University of Valencia, Valencia 46100, Spain
| | | | | | - David Madrid-Costa
- Optics II Department, Optics and Optometry Faculty, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid 28037, Spain
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Papadatou E, Del Águila-Carrasco AJ, Marín-Franch I, López-Gil N. Temporal multiplexing with adaptive optics for simultaneous vision. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 7:4102-4113. [PMID: 27867718 PMCID: PMC5102541 DOI: 10.1364/boe.7.004102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We present and test a methodology for generating simultaneous vision with a deformable mirror that changed shape at 50 Hz between two vergences: 0 D (far vision) and -2.5 D (near vision). Different bifocal designs, including toric and combinations of spherical aberration, were simulated and assessed objectively. We found that typical corneal aberrations of a 60-year-old subject changes the shape of objective through-focus curves of a perfect bifocal lens. This methodology can be used to investigate subjective visual performance for different multifocal contact or intraocular lens designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Papadatou
- Optomety Research Group, Facultad de Física, Universidad de Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Iván Marín-Franch
- Optomety Research Group, Facultad de Física, Universidad de Valencia, Spain
- CiViUM Research Group, Facultad de Óptica y Optometría, Universidad de Murcia, Spain
| | - Norberto López-Gil
- CiViUM Research Group, Facultad de Óptica y Optometría, Universidad de Murcia, Spain
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Yazdani N, Khorasani AA, Moghadam HM, Yekta AA, Ostadimoghaddam H, Shandiz JH. Evaluating Three Different Methods of Determining Addition in Presbyopia. J Ophthalmic Vis Res 2016; 11:277-81. [PMID: 27621785 PMCID: PMC5000530 DOI: 10.4103/2008-322x.188387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To compare three different methods for determining addition in presbyopes. Methods: The study included 81 subjects with presbyopia who aged 40-70 years. Reading addition values were measured using 3 approaches including the amplitude of accommodation (AA), dynamic retinoscopy (DR), and increasing plus lens (IPL). Results: IPL overestimated reading addition relative to other methods. Mean near addition obtained by AA, DR and IPL were 1.31, 1.68 and 1.77, respectively. Our results showed that IPL method could provide 20/20 vision at near in the majority of presbyopic subjects (63.4%). Conclusion: The results were approximately the same for 3 methods and provided comparable final addition; however, mean near additions were higher with increasing plus lens compared with the other two methods. In presbyopic individuals, increasing plus lens is recommended as the least time-consuming method with the range of ±0.50 diopter at the 40 cm working distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negareh Yazdani
- Department of Optometry, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Refractive Errors Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abbas Azimi Khorasani
- Department of Optometry, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Refractive Errors Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hanieh Mirhajian Moghadam
- Department of Optometry, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Yekta
- Noor Research Center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Ostadimoghaddam
- Department of Optometry, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Refractive Errors Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Javad Heravian Shandiz
- Department of Optometry, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Refractive Errors Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Wee SH, Yu DS, Moon BY, Cho HG. Comparison of presbyopic additions determined by the fused cross-cylinder method using alternative target background colours. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2010; 30:758-65. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-1313.2010.00780.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Leffler CT, Davenport B, Rentz J, Miller A, Benson W. Clinical predictors of the optimal spectacle correction for comfort performing desktop tasks. Clin Exp Optom 2008; 91:530-7. [PMID: 18537986 DOI: 10.1111/j.1444-0938.2008.00288.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The best strategy for spectacle correction of presbyopia for near tasks has not been determined. METHODS Thirty volunteers over the age of 40 years were tested for subjective accommodative amplitude, pupillary size, fusional vergence, interpupillary distance, arm length, preferred working distance, near and far visual acuity and preferred reading correction in the phoropter and trial frames. Subjects performed near tasks (reading, writing and counting change) using various spectacle correction strengths. Predictors of the correction maximising near task comfort were determined by multivariable linear regression. RESULTS The mean age was 54.9 years (range 43 to 71) and 40 per cent had diabetes. Significant predictors of the most comfortable addition in univariate analyses were age (p<0.001), interpupillary distance (p=0.02), fusional vergence amplitude (p=0.02), distance visual acuity in the worse eye (p=0.01), vision at 40 cm in the worse eye with distance correction (p=0.01), duration of diabetes (p=0.01), and the preferred correction to read at 40 cm with the phoropter (p=0.002) or trial frames (p<0.001). Target distance selected wearing trial frames (in dioptres), arm length, and accommodative amplitude were not significant predictors (p>0.15). The preferred addition wearing trial frames holding a reading target at a distance selected by the patient was the only independent predictor. Excluding this variable, distance visual acuity was predictive independent of age or near vision wearing distance correction. The distance selected for task performance was predicted by vision wearing distance correction at near and at distance. CONCLUSIONS Multivariable linear regression can be used to generate tables based on distance visual acuity and age or near vision wearing distance correction to determine tentative near spectacle addition. Final spectacle correction for desktop tasks can be estimated by subjective refraction with trial frames.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Leffler
- Department of Ophthalmology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Richmond VA 23298-0438, USA.
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