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TUNA T, COŞKUN S. Breast tuberculosis: analysis of 24 patients. JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.32322/jhsm.1005328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Vityala Y, Zhumabekova A, Dzhumakova C, Tagaev T, Namazbekova A, Djanaliev B. Fine-needle aspiration cytology-based accurate and rapid diagnosis of breast tuberculosis mimicking an abscess. Clin Case Rep 2021; 9:e05104. [PMID: 34815883 PMCID: PMC8593886 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.5104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A case of breast tuberculosis was initially misdiagnosed as a breast abscess and diagnosed definitively by minimally invasive fine-needle aspiration cytology. This definitive diagnosis enabled us to prevent widespread infection by early initiation of the standard anti-tuberculosis regimen. The patient recovered, and no disease recurrence was noted during follow-ups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yethindra Vityala
- Department of PathologyInternational Higher School of MedicineInternational University of KyrgyzstanBishkekKyrgyzstan
| | | | - Cholpon Dzhumakova
- Department of GastroenterologyNational Center of Oncology and HematologyBishkekKyrgyzstan
| | - Tugolbai Tagaev
- Department of Hospital Internal MedicineOccupational Pathology with a Course of HematologyI.K. Akhunbaev Kyrgyz State Medical AcademyBishkekKyrgyzstan
| | - Asel Namazbekova
- Department of Cancer RegistryNational Center of Oncology and HematologyBishkekKyrgyzstan
| | - Bolotbek Djanaliev
- Department of Pathological AnatomyI.K. Akhunbaev Kyrgyz State Medical AcademyBishkekKyrgyzstan
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Ghalleb M, Seghaier S, Adouni O, Bouaziz H, Bouida A, Hassouna JB, Chargui R, Rahal K. Breast tuberculosis: a case series. J Med Case Rep 2021; 15:73. [PMID: 33608057 PMCID: PMC7896393 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-020-02646-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Breast tuberculosis is a rare disease, even in endemic areas. The diagnosis can be challenging, as it can mimic breast cancer. We aim to report our experience and discuss diagnoses and management modalities. RESULTS We encountered twelve cases of breast tuberculosis in our institution from 2004 to 2019. The average age of our Caucasian North African patients was 42 years old (22-63). The classic presentation was a breast lump found in half of the cases. On physical examination, we suspected breast carcinoma in seven patients. The average size of the tumors was 39 mm (15-80 mm). Nine patients had a mammogram. In five cases, there was a suspicious breast mass mimicking a malignant tumor with an average size of 33 mm (25-60 mm). A ultrasonography was performed in 6 cases and revealed a suspicious ill-circumscribed nodule in four patients with an average size of 37.5 mm (10-60 mm). Five patients had a lumpectomy, and seven women underwent drainage of the abscess and the biopsy of its hull. The association of epithelioid cell granulomas and caseous necrosis was mandatory for the histological diagnosis of tuberculosis. All of them had an antitubercular therapy. The median period of follow-up was of 43 months (3-156 months). One patient presented with a recurrent abscess of the breast. CONCLUSION Our study found that clinical examination and radiological imaging were not specific. Positive cultures for Koch bacillus or histological confirmation are mandatory for the diagnosis. A meta-analysis of the existing cases is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Ghalleb
- Surgical Oncology Department, Institute Salah Azaiez of Oncology, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Institut Salah Azaiz, Université Tunis el Manar, Boulevard Avril 1938, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - S. Seghaier
- Surgical Oncology Department, Institute Salah Azaiez of Oncology, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Institut Salah Azaiz, Université Tunis el Manar, Boulevard Avril 1938, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - O. Adouni
- Immuno-Histo-Cytology Department, Institute Salah Azaiez of Oncology, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Institut Salah Azaiz, Université Tunis el Manar, Boulevard Avril 1938, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - H. Bouaziz
- Surgical Oncology Department, Institute Salah Azaiez of Oncology, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Institut Salah Azaiz, Université Tunis el Manar, Boulevard Avril 1938, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - A. Bouida
- Surgical Oncology Department, Institute Salah Azaiez of Oncology, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Institut Salah Azaiz, Université Tunis el Manar, Boulevard Avril 1938, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - J. Ben Hassouna
- Surgical Oncology Department, Institute Salah Azaiez of Oncology, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Institut Salah Azaiz, Université Tunis el Manar, Boulevard Avril 1938, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - R. Chargui
- Surgical Oncology Department, Institute Salah Azaiez of Oncology, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Institut Salah Azaiz, Université Tunis el Manar, Boulevard Avril 1938, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - K. Rahal
- Surgical Oncology Department, Institute Salah Azaiez of Oncology, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Institut Salah Azaiz, Université Tunis el Manar, Boulevard Avril 1938, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia
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Ben Abid F, Abdel Rahman S Al Soub H. A case report of TB versus idiopathic granulomatous mastitis with erythema nodosum, reactive arthritis, cough, and headache. Aging Male 2020; 23:411-414. [PMID: 30293476 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2018.1504915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculous mastitis (TBM) is relatively rare disease with an incidence ranging between 0.1 and 4%. Most of the cases are culture negative and often mistaken with chronic benign idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM). It is very crucial to distinguish culture negative TBM from other causes of mastitis as the treatment differs tremendously. We describe here in a young woman originally from India and residing in Qatar; a non endemic area of tuberculosis; for more then fifteen years. She presented with 2 months history of right breast mass, followed by low grade fever, dry cough, headache, erythema nodosum, arthritis, and arthralgia. In view of the origin of the patient, positive family history for tuberculosis and positive quantiferon, the patient was started empirically on anti-tuberculous treatment (ATT). One week later she developed paradoxical reaction to ATT. This case illustrates unusual and rare manifestations of primary TBM and highlights the importance of differentiating and treating culture negative TBM from IGM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Ben Abid
- Medicine, Infectious Disease Department, Hamad General Hospital-HMC, Hamad Medical Corp, Doha, Qatar
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Bouziyane A, Benaguida H, Lamsisi M, Khoaja A, Benayad S, Ennachit M, Elkarroumi M, Benhessou M, Ennaji MM. Tuberculosis of the breast: analysis of 17 cases. Pan Afr Med J 2020; 37:282. [PMID: 33654509 PMCID: PMC7896522 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2020.37.282.26583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis constitutes a major public health problem in the world. Certain extra-pulmonary locations of tuberculosis disease are very exceptional. Amongst these, tuberculosis of the breast is rare even in countries where this infection is endemic. This form of tuberculosis is characterized by clinical and radiological polymorphisms and might mimic other diseases, especially breast cancer. This retrospective study is entailing seventeen patients treated in the Onco-Gynecology Department of the Mohammed VI Cancer Treatment Center, in the Ibn Rochd University Hospital of Casablanca, for breast tuberculosis, over a period of three years. We report the epidemiological, clinical and paraclinical aspects and we specify the treatment and evolution of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Bouziyane
- Mohamed VI University of Health Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco.,Laboratory of Virology, Microbiology, Quality and Biotechnologies/ETB, Faculty of Science and Techniques, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - Hicham Benaguida
- Mohammed VI Center for Cancer Treatment, University Hospital Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Maryame Lamsisi
- Laboratory of Virology, Microbiology, Quality and Biotechnologies/ETB, Faculty of Science and Techniques, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - Ayoub Khoaja
- Department of Anatomopathology, University Hospital Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Samira Benayad
- Department of Anatomopathology, University Hospital Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Ennachit
- Mohammed VI Center for Cancer Treatment, University Hospital Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Elkarroumi
- Mohammed VI Center for Cancer Treatment, University Hospital Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mustapha Benhessou
- Mohamed VI University of Health Sciences, Casablanca, Morocco.,Laboratory of Virology, Microbiology, Quality and Biotechnologies/ETB, Faculty of Science and Techniques, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Mohammedia, Morocco.,Mohammed VI Center for Cancer Treatment, University Hospital Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Moulay Mustapha Ennaji
- Laboratory of Virology, Microbiology, Quality and Biotechnologies/ETB, Faculty of Science and Techniques, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Mohammedia, Morocco
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Zhang W, Zhang Y, Yang G, Yu T. Features of breast tuberculosis determined by ultrasound imaging: report of 45 cases. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060520910891. [PMID: 32727242 PMCID: PMC7394031 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520910891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to characterize the ultrasound (US) imaging features of breast tuberculosis (BTB) to clarify the process of disease progression and provide valuable clinical information. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 45 patients with pathologically or GeneXpert-confirmed BTB from January 2010 to December 2017. We assessed the US features of target lesions including size, shape, orientation, margin, echogenicity, calcification, posterior acoustic features, and blood-flow signal. Results The patients were classified with nodular (55.5%, 25/45), abscess (15.6%, 7/45), or sinus (28.9%, 13/45) type according to their US features. Forty lesions (88.9%, 40/45) extended in a parallel orientation and five extended in a non-parallel orientation. Calcifications were found in eight cases, including six macrocalcifications and two microcalcifications. Enlarged axillary lymph nodes were observed in three cases (6.7%, 3/45). In addition, 44 of the 45 cases (97.8%, 44/45) exhibited hypovascularity or avascularity according to color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI). Conclusion BTB lesions can be classified as nodular, abscess, or sinus type according to their US imaging features. Poor blood supply detected by CDFI might be a common US feature of BTB. Characterization of its US features may facilitate the clinical diagnosis of BTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhi Zhang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Chinese and Western Hospital of Zhejiang Province (Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Chinese and Western Hospital of Zhejiang Province (Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Gaoyi Yang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Chinese and Western Hospital of Zhejiang Province (Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Tianzhuo Yu
- Department of Ultrasonography, Chinese and Western Hospital of Zhejiang Province (Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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Quaglio G, Pizzol D, Isaakidis P, Bortolani A, Tognon F, Marotta C, Di Gennaro F, Putoto G, Olliaro PL. Breast Tuberculosis in Women: A Systematic Review. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 101:12-21. [PMID: 31115305 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast tuberculosis (TB) is rarely reported and poorly described. This review aims to update the existing literature on risk factors, clinical presentations, constitutional symptoms, diagnostic procedures, and medical and surgical treatments for breast TB. In all, 1,478 cases of breast TB were collected. Previous history of TB was reported in 19% of cases. The most common clinical appearance of the lesion was breast lump (75%). The most common associated finding was axillary lymphadenitis (33%) followed by sinus or fistula (24%). The most common symptoms were pain and fever, reported in 42% and 28% of cases, respectively. The most used diagnostic method was fine-needle aspiration cytology (32%), followed by biopsy (27%), acid-fast bacteria Ziehl-Neelsen stain (26%), culture (13%), and polymerase chain reaction (2%). These tested positive in 64%, 93%, 27%, 26%, and 58% of cases, respectively. The majority (69%) of patients received a 6-month anti-TB treatment (isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol). Surgery consisted of excision in 39% of cases, drainage in 23%, and mastectomy in 5%. The great majority of patients had a positive outcome. It often mimics breast cancer, which makes it difficult to diagnose. Most patients, when diagnosed in time, respond to antitubercular therapy alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Quaglio
- Department of International Health, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Operational Research Unit, Doctors with Africa, Collegio Universitario Aspiranti e Medici Missionari (CUAMM), Padua, Italy.,European Parliamentary Research Services (EPRS), European Parliament, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Damiano Pizzol
- Operational Research Unit, Doctors with Africa CUAMM, Beira, Mozambique
| | - Petros Isaakidis
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Southern Africa Medical Unit (SAMU), Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Arianna Bortolani
- Operational Research Unit, Doctors with Africa, Collegio Universitario Aspiranti e Medici Missionari (CUAMM), Padua, Italy
| | - Francesca Tognon
- Operational Research Unit, Doctors with Africa, Collegio Universitario Aspiranti e Medici Missionari (CUAMM), Padua, Italy
| | - Claudia Marotta
- Operational Research Unit, Doctors with Africa, Collegio Universitario Aspiranti e Medici Missionari (CUAMM), Padua, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Putoto
- Operational Research Unit, Doctors with Africa, Collegio Universitario Aspiranti e Medici Missionari (CUAMM), Padua, Italy
| | - Piero L Olliaro
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization (WHO/TDR), Geneva, Switzerland
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Farrokh D, Alamdaran A, Feyzi Laeen A, Fallah Rastegar Y, Abbasi B. Tuberculous mastitis: A review of 32 cases. Int J Infect Dis 2019; 87:135-142. [PMID: 31442629 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2019.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast tuberculosis (TB) is a rare disease, still present in endemic areas. The significance of breast TB is due to its rare occurrence and its resemblance to malignant breast lesions. The objective of this study was to study various clinical presentations and imaging features of different forms of tuberculous mastitis. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted over a 10-year period. Thirty-two consecutive patients diagnosed with tuberculous mastitis were included. RESULTS There was only one male patient in this series. The patients ranged in age from 25 to 60 years (mean age was 33.69 years). A solitary breast mass was the most common clinical presentation, which was associated with inflammatory findings in the majority of cases. The most common mammographic finding was diffusely increased density and the most common pathological finding was solitary mass. The most common appearance on ultrasound was of multiple intercommunicating breast masses with axillary lymphadenopathy. CONCLUSIONS Breast TB should be considered in the differential diagnosis in the presence of a painful breast mass, discharging sinuses, mastitis, or a breast abscess that does not respond to conventional medical treatment. A multidisciplinary approach is required to aid timely diagnosis and to provide appropriate management and treatment in order to avoid complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donya Farrokh
- Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Alamdaran
- Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Feyzi Laeen
- Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Bita Abbasi
- Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Strazzanti A, Trovato C, Gangi S, Basile F. Breast tuberculosis cases rising in Sicily. Int J Surg Case Rep 2018; 53:9-12. [PMID: 30366176 PMCID: PMC6205060 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2018.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammary tuberculosis (TM) is an extremely rare condition. The differential diagnosis between breast cancer and breast tuberculosis is very important. It was possible to identify the Mycobacterium tuberculosis in between nucleic acid probes and PCR.
Introduction Our work has been reported in line with the SCARE criteria [21]. Mammary tuberculosis (TM) is an extremely rare condition (Khanna et al., 2000 [1]). It has been estimated to be 0.1% of breast lesions examined histologically, but it reaches 3–4% in countries such as India and Africa where the disease shows a high incidence. This disease can present a diagnostic problem in radiological and microbiological investigations, and thus extreme caution is necessary. Presentation of case A 26 year-old Eritrean female with a personal history of HIV infection came to our Emergency Department showing generalized limphoadenopathy and weakness in addition to a huge right breast mass. Our examination revealed a tender mass measuring 12 × 10 cm that involved all right breast. Her skin was not erythematous and local temperature was normal. She was painless. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) showed a milky and greenish shaded fluid. Conclusions Nowadays the differential diagnosis between breast cancer and breast tuberculosis is very important, mostly in Italy and in particular in Sicily, where the massive influx of immigrants has compelled physicians to reconsider the presence of !tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Strazzanti
- Departement of General Surgery, Senology University Hospital of Catania, Catania, Italy.
| | - Claudio Trovato
- Departement of General Surgery, Senology University Hospital of Catania, Catania, Italy.
| | - Santi Gangi
- Departement of General Surgery, Senology University Hospital of Catania, Catania, Italy.
| | - Francesco Basile
- Departement of General Surgery, Senology University Hospital of Catania, Catania, Italy.
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Quaglio G, Pizzol D, Bortolani A, Manenti F, Isaakidis P, Putoto G, Olliaro PL. Breast tuberculosis in men: A systematic review. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194766. [PMID: 29614082 PMCID: PMC5882116 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Setting Breast tuberculosis in male is a rarely reported and poorly described condition. Objective To quantify the number of breast tuberculosis in men, to describe clinical presentation and to present the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures applied. Design A systematic review of the literature including reports published in English, Spanish and French until December 2017. Results The search yielded 26 cases of male breast tuberculosis, median age 56.5 years. Most presented with an isolated breast lump (89%), associated with axillary lymphadenitis (27.8%) and skin inflammation (33.3%). The most common constitutional symptoms were pain (64.7%) and fever (35.3%). Fine-needle aspiration cytology and culture were the most common diagnostic modality (61.5%). Standard anti-tuberculosis regimen was the main treatment, alone or accompanied or preceded by incision and drainage. Conclusions The risk of breast tuberculosis in men appears to be low, but the condition can be difficult to diagnose and the diagnostic delays can be long. Overall prognosis is good following standard anti-tuberculosis regimen with or without incision/drainage.
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Affiliation(s)
- GianLuca Quaglio
- European Parliamentary Research Services (EPRS), European Parliament, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Internal Medicine, Verona University Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Damiano Pizzol
- Doctors with Africa CUAMM, Operational Research Unit, Beira, Mozambique
- * E-mail:
| | - Anna Bortolani
- Doctors with Africa CUAMM, Operational Research Unit, Padua, Italy
| | - Fabio Manenti
- Doctors with Africa CUAMM, Operational Research Unit, Padua, Italy
| | - Petros Isaakidis
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Southern Africa Medical Unit (SAMU), Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Giovanni Putoto
- Doctors with Africa CUAMM, Operational Research Unit, Padua, Italy
| | - Piero L. Olliaro
- Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, World Health Organization (WHO/TDR), Geneva, Switzerland
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Çakar B, Çiledağ A. Retrospective analysis of seven breast tuberculosis cases. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:3053-3057. [PMID: 27882115 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the demographic data, diagnostic methods, therapeutic regimens and duration of therapy in 7 breast tuberculosis (BTB) cases. The data of BTB cases treated between January 2006 and December 2013 were retrospectively evaluated, with a total of 648 tuberculosis (TB) cases recorded during the 8-year period. Among these cases, 296 patients (50%) suffered from pulmonary TB, 278 (43%) from non-pulmonary TB and 45 (7%) from PTB plus NPTB. In total, 7 BTB were diagnosed, which constituted 1.08% (7/648) of all TB cases and 2.51% (7/278) of all NPTB cases. The mean age of patients was 34±9.46 years, with no pregnant or lactating women. Bilateral breast involvement was detected in only 1 case, while all cases had a BCG scar, and obtained a mean tuberculin skin test (TST) result of 14.28±6.79 mm (range, 7-26 mm). The symptoms included presence of a mass, tenderness, pain, swelling and fluctuation in the breast, with or without discharging sinuses. In 1 case, history of contact with TB was found. All patients were newly-diagnosed BTB cases, with no other organ involvement. Upon histopathological examination of breast tissue, granulomatous inflammation with typical caseous necrosis was observed in 1 case, non-caseous necrosis inflammation was detected in 2 cases, granulomatous inflammation was observed in 3 cases, and mastitis and fat necrosis inflammation was observed in 1 case. Acid-fast bacilli (AFB) staining was positive in only 2 cases, and all patient were treated with anti-TB drugs with a successful outcome and no recurrence. In conclusion, BTB is a rare form of TB and the present retrospective study reported 7 cases of BTB along with the results of histopathological examination, microbiological examination and treatment. TB must be considered when there is presence of breast masses presenting with tenderness, pain, swelling and fluctuation, with or without discharging sinuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beyhan Çakar
- Department of Chest Diseases, Ankara Tuberculosis Control Dispensary No. 7, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aydin Çiledağ
- Department of Chest Diseases, Ankara University School of Medicine, 01710 Ankara, Turkey
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Brown S, Thekkinkattil DK. Tuberculous cold abscess of breast: an unusual presentation in a male patient. Gland Surg 2016; 5:361-5. [PMID: 27294045 DOI: 10.21037/gs.2016.01.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) of breast is a rare condition especially presentation as a cold abscess. We present a case of male patient with TB of lung and meninges with a cold abscess in the breast. The abscess was incidental finding on the computed tomography (CT) scan. This was further managed by a combination of anti-tuberculous chemotherapy treatment and surgical drainage. We reviewed the current literature related to mammary TB, its presentations and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Brown
- Department of Oncoplastic Breast Surgery, United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust, UK
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Clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic management of patients with breast tuberculosis: Analysis of 46 Cases. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2016; 32:27-31. [PMID: 26853172 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast tuberculosis is a rare form of extrapulmonary tubercular infection. Our aim is to highlight the nonspecific clinical presentations, diagnostic difficulties and therapeutic approaches of mammarian tuberculosis. Forty-six patients diagnosed with breast tuberculosis between 2005 and 2015 were reviewed retrospectively. Clinical features, all diagnostic methods, and the outcomes of treatment were analysed. All cases were female with a mean age of 36.4 years. Breast mass and pain were the most common complaints. While 34.8% of the cases had a physical examination with suspicions for malignancy, 43.5% of the patients had Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) 4 or 5 lesions suggested malignancy radiologically. Definitive diagnosis was based on histopathologic examination through core needle biopsy (n = 29), excisional biopsy (n = 12), and open biopsy (n = 5) taken from the abscess wall during drainage. Standard antiTB therapy for 6 months was given to all cases. Thirty-three patients recovered with standard 6-month therapy while extended treatment for 9-12 months was needed in 13 (28.2%) cases. Surgery was carried out in 17 cases. Two patients developed recurrence. Breast tuberculosis can be easily confused with breast cancer, suppurative abscess, and other causes of granulomatous mastitis, both clinically and radiologically. A multidisciplinary approach is required to prevent diagnostic delays and unnecessary surgical interventions. Although antiTB therapy is the mainstay treatment of breast TB, surgery is usually indicated in patients refractory to medical treatment.
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14
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Thimmappa D, Mallikarjuna MN, Vijayakumar A. Breast Tuberculosis. Indian J Surg 2015; 77:1378-84. [PMID: 27011568 DOI: 10.1007/s12262-015-1272-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis affects over a billion people worldwide. There is a raise in incidence of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in recent years. Mammary tuberculosis has been estimated to be 0.1 % of breast lesions examined histologically, and it constitutes about 3-4.5 % of surgically treated breast diseases in developing countries. Breast tuberculosis is paucibacillary and routine diagnostic tests such as microscopy, culture, and nucleic acid amplification tests such as polymerase chain reaction techniques do not have the same diagnostic utility as they do in pulmonary tuberculosis. Also, the histology resembles various other granulomatous mastitis. The coexistence of carcinoma and breast tuberculosis adds challenge to diagnosis. Correct diagnosis of tuberculous mastitis is important as the treatment of differential disease varies from steroid to surgery which can have devastating consequences in patients suffering from breast tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durganna Thimmappa
- Department of General Surgery Victoria Hospital, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bangalore, 560002 India
| | - M N Mallikarjuna
- Department of General Surgery Victoria Hospital, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bangalore, 560002 India
| | - Abhishek Vijayakumar
- Department of General Surgery Victoria Hospital, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bangalore, 560002 India
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15
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Robbins HL, Hetzel M, Mungall S, Cawthorn SJ. Interferon gamma release assay in the diagnosis of tuberculous mastitis. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2015; 97:e1-2. [PMID: 25519253 DOI: 10.1308/003588414x14055925059516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculous mastitis is rare, especially in Western countries. We describe a case where the interferon gamma release assay blood test led to diagnosis and successful treatment of the disease.
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16
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Systemic granulomatous diseases associated with multiple palpable masses that may involve the breast: case presentation and an approach to the differential diagnosis. Case Rep Med 2014; 2014:146956. [PMID: 25342951 PMCID: PMC4197888 DOI: 10.1155/2014/146956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Palpable mass is a common complaint presented to the breast surgeon. It is very uncommon for patients to report breast mass associated with palpable masses in other superficial structures. When these masses are related to systemic granulomatous diseases, the diagnosis and initiation of specific therapy can be challenging. The purpose of this paper is to report a case initially assessed by the breast surgeon and ultimately diagnosed as granulomatous variant of T-cell lymphoma, and discuss the main systemic granulomatous diseases associated with palpable masses involving the breast.
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17
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Kirbas A, Biberoglu E, Dede H, Uygur D. Primary tubercular mastitis in a pregnancy. Case Rep Womens Health 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crwh.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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18
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Khodabakhshi B, Mehravar F. Breast tuberculosis in northeast Iran: review of 22 cases. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2014; 14:72. [PMID: 24886570 PMCID: PMC4059880 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6874-14-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Breast tuberculosis (breast TB) is an extremely rare disease, so case reviews are also rare. Methods This study is a retrospective review of patients with breast TB who were treated between 2002 and 2012 at the Health Center of Gorgan City. Results All 22 patients were females, their mean age was 32.4 years, and all were new cases. Patients presented with swelling of the breast (22%), lump (55%) and excretion from the involved breast (27%), and breast pain (55%). The highest rate of breast TB occurred in 2011 (27%). All patients received the DOTS regimen for a mean duration of 7.3 ± 0.7 months; in addition, segmental resection was performed on 11 patients (50%). Conclusions The findings confirmed that breast TB in Iran should be considered as a differential diagnosis of breast masses. All patients in our study received the daily and ‘Directly Observed Treatment Short-course’ (DOTS) regimens. Anti-tubercular therapy for six months with or without minimal surgical intervention currently is the main treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatemeh Mehravar
- School of Public Health, Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 5TH Floor, Poorsina St, Keshavarz Ave, Postal Box: 14155-6446, Tehran, Iran.
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19
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Bouti K, Soualhi M, Marc K, Zahraoui R, Benamor J, Bourkadi JE, Iraqi G. Postmenopausal breast tuberculosis - report of 4 cases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 7:411-3. [PMID: 24647782 DOI: 10.1159/000343613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast tuberculosis is an uncommon disease even in countries where the incidence of tuberculosis is high. CASE REPORT This is a case series concerning 4 postmenopausal breast tuberculosis cases encountered in Moulay Youssef Hospital between January 2007 and December 2010. Breast tuberculosis represents 0.25% of all hospitalized tuberculosis patients in our department. The mean age of our patients was 62.5 ± 5.8 years. Clinical findings were heterogeneous; 1 case was multifocal tuberculosis, and another case was coexistent tuberculosis and malignancy of the breast. Mammography and ultrasonography findings were suspicious for malignancy in all 4 cases. Fine needle aspiration was negative in 3 cases. The diagnosis was made in all patients by histological examination of biopsy specimens, which revealed typical tuberculous lesions. Anti-tuberculosis therapy formed the mainstay of treatment. CONCLUSION The clinical and radiological features of mammary tuberculosis can be very confusing and easily mistaken for breast cancer. Symptoms suggestive of tuberculosis warrant a biopsy to exclude possible cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Bouti
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Moulay Youssef Hospital, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mouna Soualhi
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Moulay Youssef Hospital, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Karima Marc
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Moulay Youssef Hospital, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Rachida Zahraoui
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Moulay Youssef Hospital, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Jouda Benamor
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Moulay Youssef Hospital, Rabat, Morocco
| | | | - Ghali Iraqi
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Moulay Youssef Hospital, Rabat, Morocco
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20
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Kayahan M, Kadioglu H, Muslumanoglu M. Management of Patients with Granulomatous Mastitis: Analysis of 31 Cases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 7:226-230. [PMID: 22872797 DOI: 10.1159/000337758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Granulomatous mastitis is a benign recurrent disease. Accurate diagnosis is only by histopathology. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 31 cases with histological diagnosis were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 42.4 months for recurrent and 27.8 months for non-recurrent cases. Etiology was tuberculosis in 1 case. 5 cases (16%) relapsed. 6 patients (19.3%) treated with abscess drainage healed completely, but 50% relapsed. Relapses were treated with excision or steroids. Steroid therapy was the initial treatment in 12 cases (38.7%), with 1 relapse (8.3%) which was treated in the same manner. 2 patients had incomplete response necessitating excision, and another 2 developed abscesses which were treated with steroids or excision after drainage. Surgical excision was preferred in 12 cases (38.7%) due to suspicion for carcinoma in 8 patients (25.8%) and/or low probability of poor cosmetic outcome. All healed without complication, and recurrence was observed in 1 case (8.3%) which was treated with re-excision. CONCLUSION: Both excision and steroid therapy had low and similar relapse rates, but excision was superior to steroid therapy in providing strict diagnosis with much faster healing and fewer complications. In refractory cases, and when deformity is inevitable, steroid therapy should be preferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munire Kayahan
- Dept. of General Surgery, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
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21
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22
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Abstract
Tuberculosis of the breast is an uncommon disease even in countries where the incidence of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis is high. Clinical presentation is usually of a solitary, ill-defined, unilateral hard lump situated in the upper outer quadrant of the breast. This disease can present a diagnostic problem on radiological and microbiological investigations, and thus a high index of suspicion is needed. Incorporating a highly sensitive technique like polymerase chain reaction (PCR) may be helpful in establishing the usefulness of such technology and can aid in conforming the diagnosis early. The disease is curable with antitubercular drugs, and surgery is rarely required
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Affiliation(s)
- Salim Baharoon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, King Abdulaziz Medical City, King Fahad National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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23
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Tanrikulu AC, Abakay A, Abakay O, Kapan M. Breast Tuberculosis in Southeast Turkey: Report of 27 Cases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 5:154-157. [PMID: 21048829 DOI: 10.1159/000314267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Breast tuberculosis (TB) is a very rare form of TB. Case series on breast TB are scarce. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The patients with breast TB treated between 2004 and 2008 at our hospital were retrospectively investigated. RESULTS: All patients were female (mean age 31.5 ± 8.4 years). All but 1 patient were new cases. Patients presented with swelling of the breast (48.1%), mass and fluctuation (each, 40.7%), and breast pain (18.5%). The mean treatment duration was significantly shorter in 14 patients who received directly observed therapy (DOT) compared with those (n = 12) who did not (6.7 ± 1.7 months vs. 8.5 ± 1.6 months, respectively; p = 0.01). Seven patients underwent segmental mastektomy as complementary surgery. The highest rate of breast TB was seen in 2007 (37.1% compared with 14.8% between 2004 and 2006). CONCLUSIONS: Breast TB should be considered in patients with breast neoplasia, swelling, and discharge, and can be successfully treated by DOT with shorter treatment duration.
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24
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da Silva BB, Lopes-Costa PV, Pires CG, Pereira-Filho JD, dos Santos AR. Tuberculosis of the breast: analysis of 20 cases and a literature review. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2009; 103:559-63. [PMID: 19269000 DOI: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2009.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2008] [Revised: 02/06/2009] [Accepted: 02/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) of the breast is a very rare pathology. The clinical presentations of this disease are manifold, often mimicking carcinoma of the breast. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 20 women with TB of the breast receiving care at the mastology clinic at Getúlio Vargas Hospital, PI, Brazil, between 1994 and 2007. The clinical presentation of the disease, the diagnosis and the response to specific treatment were analyzed. Most of the patients were of reproductive age, with the disease affecting the right breast in eleven patients (55%) and the left breast in nine patients (45%). Palpable nodules were present in five patients (25%) and fistulae in 15 (75%). The mean time between onset of symptoms and diagnosis was 7.7 months (range 3-12 months). Skin testing with purified protein derivative of tuberculin was strongly reactive in all patients, six (30%) of whom were breastfeeding. Diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology and all patients were satisfactorily treated with a combination of rifampicin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide. In the present study, TB of the breast presented predominantly as breast abscesses and fistulae and responded satisfactorily to treatment with anti-TB drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- B B da Silva
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital Getúlio Vargas, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil.
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25
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Van Keirsbilck J, Riphagen I, Struyven H, Van den Eeckhout A, Cornelis A, Neven P, Amant F, Vergote I. Bilateral Mammary Tuberculosis Associated with a Borderline Ovarian Tumor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 3:200-203. [PMID: 20824040 DOI: 10.1159/000136105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Mammary tuberculosis is rare in the Western world. It has no defined clinical or imaging features, and has to be differentiated from breast cancer and an abscess. CASE REPORT: We present a case of mammary tuberculosis combined with borderline ovarian cancer. The bilateral breast tuberculosis was the first and only symptom of underlying tuberculosis with Ziehl-Neelsen-positive para-aortic lymph nodes. During further exploration, an asymptomatic pelvic mass was discovered, which appeared later to be a borderline ovarian tumor. The patient was treated with tuberculostatic therapy for 6 months, resulting in a complete regression of the breast lesions. She also underwent hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and lymph node dissection for her ovarian cancer. CONCLUSIONS: This case report emphasizes that breast tuberculosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of any atypical breast mass.
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26
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Rajagopala S, Agarwal R. Tubercular mastitis in men: case report and systematic review. Am J Med 2008; 121:539-44. [PMID: 18501237 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2008.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2007] [Revised: 01/15/2008] [Accepted: 01/15/2008] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculous mastitis is usually reported in multiparous postpartum women and is an unusual cause of gynecomastia in adolescent men. METHODS We describe an illustrative case and review all cases of tubercular mastitis reported in men in the English literature. RESULTS Our search yielded 24 cases of male tubercular mastitis. Most presented with an isolated breast lump. Constitutional symptoms were rare (21.4%), and associated tuberculosis foci, mostly inactive, were seen in 43.8%. Breast parenchymal involvement, chest wall masses, pectoral muscle abscesses, cold abscesses tracking through the chest wall, and empyema necessitatis presented as breast lumps. Fine-needle aspiration cytology was the most common diagnostic modality, and acid-fast bacilli were demonstrable in a minority (33%). A combination of granulomatous mastitis, necrosis, and clinical response to antitubercular therapy was the most common mode of establishing the diagnosis. Most patients responded to antitubercular therapy alone. CONCLUSION Tubercular mastitis is a rare cause of breast masses in men, and a high index of suspicion can prevent diagnostic delays. Most patients respond to antitubercular therapy alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Rajagopala
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
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27
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Mammary tuberculosis mimicking breast cancer: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2008; 2:34. [PMID: 18241336 PMCID: PMC2249603 DOI: 10.1186/1752-1947-2-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2007] [Accepted: 02/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The incidence of tuberculosis is rising worldwide and rare manifestations of the past are seen more often nowadays. Mammary tuberculosis is a rare clinical entity, often mimicking breast cancer or abscesses of benign or malignant origin. Clinical awareness is necessary during diagnostic work-up for establishing the correct diagnosis and treatment. Case presentation We present a case of breast tuberculosis diagnosed in a 73 year old woman at our institution. The patient presented with a palpable mass of the right breast with clinical, laboratory and mammographic findings indicative of breast carcinoma. The patient underwent lumpectomy and sentinel lymph node biopsy. Frozen section of the tumor and the sentinel node revealed "granulomatous inflammation", while gross examination confirmed the diagnosis of tuberculous mastitis. The patient received anti-tuberculosis therapy for six months with no side effects or any further complications. Conclusion Breast tuberculosis is an obscure disease often mistaken for carcinoma or pyogenic abscess of the breast, especially if well-defined clinical features are absent. A high index of suspicion is required because the disease can usually be treated conservatively with current antituberculous modalities while surgical intervention is reserved for rare cases only.
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28
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Akçay MN, Sağlam L, Polat P, Erdoğan F, Albayrak Y, Povoskı SP. Mammary tuberculosis -- importance of recognition and differentiation from that of a breast malignancy: report of three cases and review of the literature. World J Surg Oncol 2007; 5:67. [PMID: 17577397 PMCID: PMC1910599 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-5-67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2006] [Accepted: 06/18/2007] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While tuberculosis of the breast is an extremely uncommon entity seen in western populations, it accounts for up to 3% of all treatable breast lesions in developing countries. Case presentations We reviewed three female cases of mammary tuberculosis that were diagnosed and treated in Turkey during the same calendar year. All three patients presented with a painful breast mass. In all cases, fine needle aspiration was nondiagnostic for mammary tuberculosis. However, the diagnosis of mammary tuberculosis was confirmed by histopathologic evaluation at the time of open surgical biopsy. All three patients were treated with antituberculous therapy for six months. At the end of the treatment period, each patient appeared to be clinically and radiologically without evidence of residual disease. Conclusion The diagnosis of mammary tuberculosis rests on the appropriate clinical suspicion and the histopathologic findings of the breast lesion. Its recognition and differentiation from that of a breast malignancy is absolutely necessary. Antituberculous chemotherapy, initiated immediately upon diagnosis, forms the mainstay of treatment for mammary tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Müfide Nuran Akçay
- Department of General Surgery, Atatürk University Medical Faculty, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Leyla Sağlam
- Department of Chest Diseases, Atatürk University Medical Faculty, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Pınar Polat
- Department of Radiology, Atatürk University Medical Faculty, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fazlı Erdoğan
- Department of Pathology, Atatürk University Medical Faculty, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Albayrak
- Department of General Surgery, Atatürk University Medical Faculty, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Stephen P Povoskı
- Department of Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, The Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
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29
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Sklair-Levy M, Muggia-Sulam M, Mally B. Primary breast tuberculosis diagnosed by sonographically guided core-needle biopsy. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2006; 25:1357-60. [PMID: 16998113 DOI: 10.7863/jum.2006.25.10.1357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miri Sklair-Levy
- Department of Radiology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, PO Box 12000, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel.
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