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Perineural invasion and perineural spread in periocular squamous cell carcinoma. Eye (Lond) 2022; 37:875-884. [PMID: 36400852 PMCID: PMC10050156 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-022-02306-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractPerineural invasion (PNI) in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the periocular region is a prognostic marker of adverse tumour outcomes. PNI carries a well-established risk of tumour recurrence, regional metastasis and higher likelihood of mortality. This review will explore and stratify the risks conferred by histological PNI parameters. The radiological features of perineural spread (PNS) and the imaging sequences that delineate these findings will also be highlighted. Surgical excision with en face margin control is the preferred technique for achieving histological clearance. Adjuvant radiotherapy improves treatment outcomes in the setting of concomitant high-risk features. For locally advanced or metastatic cutaneous SCC, immunotherapy represents a novel treatment alternative. This review will provide an algorithm for the diagnosis and management of periocular SCC with PNI and PNS.
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Taga A, Di Lella F, Corcione L, Pavesi G. Isolated facial palsy from perineural spread of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Muscle Nerve 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.25727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arens Taga
- Dipartimento di Emergenza‐Urgenza e Area medica generale e specialisticaAzienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di ParmaParma Italy
| | - Filippo Di Lella
- Dipartimento Chirurgico Generale e SpecialisticoAzienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di ParmaParma Italy
| | - Luigi Corcione
- Dipartimento DiagnosticoAzienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di ParmaParma Italy
| | - Giovanni Pavesi
- Dipartimento di Emergenza‐Urgenza e Area medica generale e specialisticaAzienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di ParmaParma Italy
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