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The Fascias of the Forehead and Temple Aligned—An Anatomic Narrative Review. Facial Plast Surg Clin North Am 2022; 30:215-224. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsc.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Caverzan J, Mussi L, Sufi B, Padovani G, Nazato L, Camargo FB, Magalhães WV, Di Stasi LC. A new phytocosmetic preparation from Thymus vulgaris stimulates adipogenesis and controls skin aging process: In vitro studies and topical effects in a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Cosmet Dermatol 2020; 20:2190-2202. [PMID: 33169920 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of the injectable products for soft tissue augmentation and treatment of skin aging is an uncomfortable, invasive and related to several complications, and chronic reactions, mainly after long-term application. Efforts to develop new topically active anti-aging products with fewer adverse effects are a huge challenge that should be faced. AIMS We evaluated the anti-aging effects of a phytocosmetic preparation containing Thymus vulgaris associated with lecithin (ThymLec) on the facial wrinkles, expression lines, and face oval remodeling using a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial and in vitro cell culture assays. METHODS A clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of ThymLec 2% on the area, length, and depth of the perioral and crow's feet wrinkles, nasolabial and smile lines, as well as face oval remodeling in female volunteers using a sophisticated Bio3D Structured-light Scanner. In the in vitro studies using 3T3-L1 mouse embryonic fibroblasts, adiponectin was measured by immunoenzymatic assay, adipogenesis by the AdipoRed reagent method, and the PPAR-γ expression by RT-PCR analysis. RESULTS Topical treatment with ThymLec 2% reduced facial wrinkles and expression lines promoting a face oval remodeling. In the in vitro studies, ThymLec upregulated the PPAR-γ expression increasing adiponectin production and stimulating the adipogenesis process. CONCLUSIONS The phytocosmetic preparation containing Thymus vulgaris and lecithin is an innovative and safe topical anti-aging product promoting fat tissue augmentation by adipogenesis stimulation via the upregulation of PPAR-γ expression and adiponectin production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanifer Caverzan
- Research and Development Department, Chemyunion Química Ltda, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Lilian Mussi
- Research and Development Department, Chemyunion Química Ltda, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Bianca Sufi
- Research and Development Department, Chemyunion Química Ltda, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Giovana Padovani
- Research and Development Department, Chemyunion Química Ltda, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Lucas Nazato
- Research and Development Department, Chemyunion Química Ltda, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Flavio B Camargo
- Research and Development Department, Chemyunion Química Ltda, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Wagner V Magalhães
- Research and Development Department, Chemyunion Química Ltda, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Luiz C Di Stasi
- Laboratory of Phytomedicines, Pharmacology and Biotechnology (PhytoPharmaTech), Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, Brazil
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Deglesne PA, Arroyo R, Ranneva E, Deprez P. In vitro study of RRS HA injectable mesotherapy/biorevitalization product on human skin fibroblasts and its clinical utilization. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2016; 9:41-53. [PMID: 26966384 PMCID: PMC4770068 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s95108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mesotherapy/biorevitalization with hyaluronic acid (HA) is a treatment approach currently used for skin rejuvenation. Various products with a wide range of polycomponent formulations are available on the market. Most of these formulations contain noncross-linked HA in combination with a biorevitalization cocktail, formed by various amounts of vitamins, minerals, amino acids, nucleotides, coenzymes, and antioxidants. Although ingredients are very similar among the different products, in vitro and clinical effects may vary substantially. There is a real need for better characterization of these products in terms of their action on human skin or in vitro skin models. In this study, we analyzed the effect of the RRS® (Repairs, Refills, Stimulates) HA injectable medical device on human skin fibroblasts in vitro. Skin fibroblast viability and its capacity to induce the production of key extracellular matrix were evaluated in the presence of different concentrations of RRS HA injectable. Viability was evaluated through colorimetric MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay, and key extracellular matrix genes, type I collagen and elastin, were quantified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results demonstrated that RRS HA injectable could promote human skin fibroblast viability (+15%) and increase fibroblast gene expression of type I collagen and elastin by 9.7-fold and 14-fold in vitro, respectively. These results demonstrate that mesotherapy/biorevitalization products can, at least in vitro, effectively modulate human skin fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rodrigo Arroyo
- Research and Development, SKIN TECH PHARMA GROUP, Castelló d'Empúries, Spain
| | - Evgeniya Ranneva
- Research and Development, SKIN TECH PHARMA GROUP, Castelló d'Empúries, Spain
| | - Philippe Deprez
- Research and Development, SKIN TECH PHARMA GROUP, Castelló d'Empúries, Spain
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de Jesus LH, de Campos Hildebrand L, Martins MD, da Rosa FM, Danilevicz CK, Sant'Ana Filho M. Location of injected polymethylmethacrylate microspheres influences the onset of late adverse effects: an experimental and histopathologic study. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2015; 8:431-6. [PMID: 26346665 PMCID: PMC4531029 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s81467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) has been widely used in the correction of wrinkles because of its long-lasting cosmetic improvements. However, side effects and complications may occur, and its clinical appearance on the oral mucosa can be similar to that of inflammatory or neoplastic disease. The aim of this research was to compare the clinical and histopathologic responses to PMMA injected by two different methods. Twenty-two rats received an injection of PMMA using the tunneling technique (gold standard), with subcutaneous deposition of the filler in the face, or a variation of the technique with transcutaneous submucosal deposition of the filler in the cheek. The tissue reaction was analyzed clinically every 24 hours during the first week, then once a week for the following 3 months. Histologic evaluation was based on the local inflammatory response to the filler. No clinical changes were observed during the initial evaluation period (0-14 days). After 14 days, only the submucosal group showed extra-oral enlargement (n=4, 18.2%). Histopathologic analysis revealed nodule formation in four animals (18.2%) in the submucosal group, with no nodules observed in the subcutaneous group. The data obtained in this study demonstrate that the technique used to deliver the filler may influence the risk of adverse reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Henrique de Jesus
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Laura de Campos Hildebrand
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Manoela Domingues Martins
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Francinne Miranda da Rosa
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Chris Krebs Danilevicz
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Manoel Sant'Ana Filho
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Ginat DT, Schatz CJ. Imaging features of midface injectable fillers and associated complications. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2013; 34:1488-95. [PMID: 22837310 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a3161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Injectable fillers are increasingly used for midface augmentation, which can be performed for facial rejuvenation and treatment of HIV facial lipoatrophy. A variety of temporary and permanent filler agents has been developed, including calcium hydroxylapatite, collagen, liquid silicone, polytetrafluoroethylene, hyaluronic acid, poly-l-lactic acid, and polyacrylamide gel. Facial fillers are sometimes encountered on radiologic imaging incidentally and should not be mistaken for pathology. Alternatively, patients with facial fillers may undergo imaging specifically to evaluate associated complications, such as infection, overfilling, migration, foreign-body reaction, and scarring. Therefore, it is important to be familiar with the imaging appearances of the various filler materials and their complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- D T Ginat
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Ferneini E, Boynton T, Almunajed H, Dimitrov K, Banki M. Review of Facial Fillers and Injectable Neurotoxins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.5992/ajcs-d-12-00028.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Noninvasive cosmetic techniques continue to increase in popularity. In particular, dermal fillers and botulinum toxin injectables have consistently shown a rise in demand. Pharmaceutical companies have spent millions of dollars to develop these products to produce more achievable, predictable, and long-lasting results. As a result, multiple products were developed that differ in their physical and chemical properties. By understanding these characteristics, the cosmetic surgeon will achieve more safe and reliable results. Materials and Methods: A literature search on dermal fillers and botulinum toxin injectable treatments was completed from 2005 to 2013. Results: Injectables are a great resource for clinicians to improve a patient's appearance in a short time with relatively little discomfort to the patient. With a rise in the number of patients requesting these treatments, it is crucial that the surgeon and patient are aware of all of the risks and benefits of treatment. As the quest for the youthful image continues in our society, anti-aging therapies will continue to improve. Conclusions: Patients and cosmetic surgeons will continue to work with these and more advanced products as they are approved. With proper training and experience, the surgeon should be able to provide treatments that consistently benefit their patients. It is the purpose of the paper to provide the cosmetic surgeon with a description of the current products available as well as the complications that can arise when using these materials.
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Luebberding S, Alexiades-Armenakas M. Critical Appraisal of the Safety of Dermal Fillers: A Primer for Clinicians. CURRENT DERMATOLOGY REPORTS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13671-013-0042-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wong SSY, Wong SCY, Yuen KY. Infections associated with body modification. J Formos Med Assoc 2012; 111:667-81. [PMID: 23265745 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2012.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Although exact statistics are lacking, body modifications for cosmetic purposes are performed in many countries. The commonest forms include tattooing, body piercing, and breast and facial augmentation using implants or injectable fillers. Liposuction and, to a lesser extent, mesotherapy are also practiced in many countries. Infective complications of these procedures include local infections, transmission of bloodborne pathogens (viral hepatitis and human immunodeficiency virus), and distant infections such as infective endocarditis. Presence of foreign bodies, long healing time of piercing wounds, and poor compliance with infection control practices of some practitioners all predispose the recipients to infections. Apart from the endogenous microbial flora of the skin and mucosae, atypical mycobacteria, especially the rapid growers, have emerged as some of the most important pathogens in such settings. Outbreaks of infection are commonly reported. We hereby review the current knowledge of the topic with specific focus on infections associated with tattooing, body piercing, breast augmentation, mesotherapy, liposuction, and tissue filler injections. Greater awareness among consumers and health-care professionals, as well as more stringent regulations by the health authorities, is essential to minimize the health risks arising from these procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samson Sai-Yin Wong
- Department of Microbiology, Research Centre for Infection and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Ganceviciene R, Liakou AI, Theodoridis A, Makrantonaki E, Zouboulis CC. Skin anti-aging strategies. DERMATO-ENDOCRINOLOGY 2012; 4:308-19. [PMID: 23467476 PMCID: PMC3583892 DOI: 10.4161/derm.22804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 376] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Skin aging is a complex biological process influenced by a combination of endogenous or intrinsic and exogenous or extrinsic factors. Because of the fact that skin health and beauty is considered one of the principal factors representing overall "well-being" and the perception of "health" in humans, several anti-aging strategies have been developed during the last years. It is the intention of this article to review the most important anti-aging strategies that dermatologists have nowadays in hand, including including preventive measurements, cosmetological strategies, topical and systemic therapeutic agents and invasive procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruta Ganceviciene
- Centre of Dermatovenereology; Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu Klinikos; Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Aikaterini I. Liakou
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology; Dessau Medical Center; Dessau, Germany
| | - Athanasios Theodoridis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology; Dessau Medical Center; Dessau, Germany
| | - Evgenia Makrantonaki
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology; Dessau Medical Center; Dessau, Germany
| | - Christos C. Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology; Dessau Medical Center; Dessau, Germany
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