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From Zygote to Blastocyst: Application of Ultrashort Lasers in the Field of Assisted Reproduction and Developmental Biology. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11101897. [PMID: 34679594 PMCID: PMC8534476 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11101897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the use of lasers in medical diagnosis and therapies, as well as in fundamental biomedical research is now almost routine, advanced laser sources and new laser-based methods continue to emerge. Due to the unique ability of ultrashort laser pulses to deposit energy into a microscopic volume in the bulk of a transparent material without disrupting the surrounding tissues, the ultrashort laser-based microsurgery of cells and subcellular components within structurally complex and fragile specimens such as embryos is becoming an important tool in developmental biology and reproductive medicine. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of ultrashort laser pulse interaction with the matter, advantages of their application for oocyte and preimplantation embryo microsurgery (e.g., for oocyte/blastomere enucleation and embryonic cell fusion), as well as for nonlinear optical microscopy for studying the dynamics of embryonic development and embryo quality assessment. Moreover, we focus on ultrashort laser-based approaches and techniques that are increasingly being applied in the fundamental research and have the potential for successful translation into the IVF (in vitro fertilization) clinics, such as laser-mediated individual embryo labelling and controlled laser-assisted hatching.
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Kaneko T. Sperm freeze-drying and micro-insemination for biobanking and maintenance of genetic diversity in mammals. Reprod Fertil Dev 2016; 28:RD15386. [PMID: 26922373 DOI: 10.1071/rd15386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Breeding by natural mating is ideal for maintaining animal populations. However, the lack of breeding space resulting from an increased number of strains and the decline in fertility caused by inbreeding inhibits the reproduction of subsequent generations. Reproductive technologies, such as gamete preservation and artificial fertilisation, have been developed to overcome these problems. These approaches efficiently produce offspring of laboratory, domestic and wild animals, and can also be used to treat human infertility. Gamete preservation using sperm contributes to improvements in reproductive systems and enables the use of smaller breeding spaces. Although cryopreservation with liquid nitrogen has been used to preserve spermatozoa, freeze-drying without liquid nitrogen, a novel method, facilitates long-term storage of spermatozoa. This method has recently been applied to maintain animal strains. Micro-insemination techniques, such as intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), are exceptional for improving assisted reproduction. ICSI can be used to fertilise oocytes, even with immotile and immature spermatozoa that are unsuitable for AI and IVF. Reproductive technologies provide a substantial advantage for biobanking and maintaining the genetic diversity of laboratory, domestic and wild animals. This review covers the latest method of sperm freeze-drying and micro-insemination, and future possibilities for maintaining animal strains and populations.
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Kaneko T. Simple gamete preservation and artificial reproduction of mammals using micro-insemination techniques. Reprod Med Biol 2014; 14:99-105. [PMID: 29259407 DOI: 10.1007/s12522-014-0202-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Assisted reproductive technology (ART) has been applied in various procedures as an effective breeding method in experimental, domestic, and wild animals, and for the treatment of human infertility. Micro-insemination techniques such as intracytoplasmic injection of spermatozoa and spermatids are now routinely used ART tools. With these techniques, even immotile and immature sperm cells can be employed as donors for producing the next generation. Gamete preservation, another ART tool, has contributed to reproductive regulation, worldwide transportation, and disease protection of animal strains, and the preserved gametes have been effectively used for the production of offspring. ART is now an indispensable tool in mammalian reproduction. This review covers the latest ART tools, with a particular emphasis on micro-insemination and gamete preservation, and discusses the future direction of mammalian artificial reproductive technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehito Kaneko
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku 606-8501 Kyoto Japan
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Abstract
Sperm preservation is an important technique for maintaining valuable genetic resources in biomedical research and wildlife. In the mouse, the sperm cryopreservation method has been established and adopted by large-scale sperm preservation projects in cryobanks. Recently, a new sperm preservation method using freeze-drying has been studied in various mammals. Freeze-drying is the ultimate method by which sperm can be preserved long term in a refrigerator (4 °C). And it is possible to realize easy and safe transportation of sperm at an ambient temperature that requires neither liquid nitrogen nor dry ice. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that the fertilizing ability of sperm cryopreserved or freeze-dried by the methods described in this chapter is well maintained during long-term preservation. This chapter introduces the latest protocols for cryopreservation and freeze-drying of mouse sperm, and the anticipated results of the fertilizing ability of these sperm preserved long-term.
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Ishizuka Y, Nishimura M, Matsumoto K, Miyashita M, Takeo T, Nakagata N, Hosoi Y, Anzai M. The influence of reduced glutathione in fertilization medium on the fertility of in vitro-matured C57BL/6 mouse oocytes. Theriogenology 2013; 80:421-6. [PMID: 23916252 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that IVM oocytes show a decreased potential for fertility and development compared with in vivo-matured oocytes. In this study, we added reduced glutathione (GSH) to the fertilization medium during IVF to investigate its effect on the fertility and early embryo development of IVM oocytes. The fertilization rate for IVM oocytes and fresh sperm increased with the addition of GSH (0, 1.0, and 2.0 mM: 51%, 76%, and 70%). Moreover, the addition of GSH to the fertilization medium also improved the developmental potential compared with the control sample (0 mM). In addition, we performed IVF using IVM oocytes and frozen/thawed sperm that had been cryopreserved in a mouse bank. Results indicated a marked increase in the fertilization rate when 1.0 mM GSH was added to the fertilization medium compared with when no GSM was used (0.0 mM GSH: 2% (3/195); 1.0 mM GSH: 33% (156/468)). Furthermore, the fertilization rate improved dramatically via zona drilling using laser equipment (52%: 267/516), whereas normal offspring were obtainsed after transferring embryos created via IVF using IVM oocytes and frozen/thawed sperm. This is the first report in which offspring have been obtained via IVF using IVM oocytes and frozen/thawed sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ishizuka
- Development of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kinki University, Wakayama, Japan
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Li MW, Kinchen KL, Vallelunga JM, Young DL, Wright KDK, Gorano LN, Wasson K, Lloyd KCK. Safety, efficacy and efficiency of laser-assisted IVF in subfertile mutant mouse strains. Reproduction 2013; 145:245-54. [PMID: 23315689 DOI: 10.1530/rep-12-0477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In the present report we studied the safety, efficacy and efficiency of using an infrared laser to facilitate IVF by assessing fertilization, development and birth rates after laser-zona drilling (LZD) in 30 subfertile genetically modified (GM) mouse lines. We determined that LZD increased the fertilization rate four to ten times that of regular IVF, thus facilitating the derivation of 26 of 30 (86.7%) GM mouse lines. Cryopreserved two-cell stage embryos derived by LZD-assisted IVF were recovered and developed to blastocysts in vitro at the same rate as frozen-thawed embryos derived by regular IVF. Surprisingly after surgical transfer to pseudopregnant recipients the birth rate of embryos derived by LZD-assisted IVF was significantly lower than that of embryos derived by regular IVF. However this result could be completely mitigated by the addition of 0.25 M sucrose to the culture medium during LZD which caused the oocyte to shrink in volume relative to the perivitelline space. By increasing the distance from the laser target site on the zona pellucida, we hypothesize that the hyperosmotic effect of sucrose reduced the potential for laser-induced cytotoxic thermal damage to the underlying oocytes. With appropriate preparation and cautious application, our results indicate that LZD-assisted IVF is a safe, efficacious and efficient assisted reproductive technology for deriving mutant mouse lines with male factor infertility and subfertility caused by sperm-zona penetration defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Wen Li
- Mouse Biology Program, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95618, USA
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Ding DC, Chu TY, Chang YH. Achieving oocyte survival and stable spindles after vitrification using closed pulled straws regardless of zona status. Tzu Chi Med J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcmj.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Kaneko T, Serikawa T. Long-term preservation of freeze-dried mouse spermatozoa. Cryobiology 2012; 64:211-4. [PMID: 22326411 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2012.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Revised: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Many genetically engineered mice strains have been generated worldwide and sperm preservation is a valuable method for storing these strains as genetic resources. Freeze-drying is a useful sperm preservation method because it requires neither liquid nitrogen nor dry ice for preservation and transportation. We report here successful long-term preservation at 4 °C of mouse spermatozoa freeze-dried using a simple buffer solution (10mM Tris, 1mM EDTA, pH 8.0). Offspring with fertility were obtained from oocytes fertilized with freeze-dried spermatozoa from C57BL/6 and B6D2F1 mouse strains stored at 4 °C for 3 years. This freeze-drying method is a safe and economical tool for the biobanking of valuable mouse strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehito Kaneko
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606 8501, Japan.
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Kaneko T, Ohno R. Improvement in the development of oocytes from C57BL/6 mice after sperm injection. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE : JAALAS 2011; 50:33-36. [PMID: 21333160 PMCID: PMC3035400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2010] [Revised: 07/12/2010] [Accepted: 08/05/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The C57BL/6 mouse strain is used widely for producing transgenic and knockout strains. Sperm motility is extremely low after a freeze-thaw process. Although intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) can be used to produce embryos from sperm with low or even no motility, its success rate is poor in the C57BL/6 strain. In particular, the survival of C57BL/6 oocytes after ICSI is extremely low compared with that of hybrid strains. We found that the survival percentages of C57BL/6J oocytes (63% and 64%) were lower than those of B6D2F1 oocytes (80% and 80%) when B6D2F1 and C57BL/6J sperm were injected, respectively. For C57BL/6J mice, 87%, 72%, 64%, 56%, and 59% of oocytes survived after ICSI in media containing 61.62, 71.62, 81.62, 91.62, and 101.62 mM NaCl, respectively. In addition, 64%, 81%, and 79% of oocytes survived after ICSI in media with 4.83, 14.83, and 24.83 mM KCl, respectively. Our results suggest that the survival of C57BL/6J oocytes after ICSI is improved by using Na(+)-deficient and K(+)-rich media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehito Kaneko
- Division of Reproductive Engineering, Center for Animal Resources and Development, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
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Abstract
Cryopreservation of mouse spermatozoa has become the foremost technique for preserving large numbers of different strains of mice with induced mutations. Recently, we have established procedures for cryopreservation of mouse spermatozoa and in vitro fertilization using cryopreserved spermatozoa to obtain a relatively high fertilization rate. This chapter attempts to show these procedures in simple terms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Nakagata
- Division of Reproductive Engineering, Center for Animal Resources & Development (CARD), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Kawase Y, Tachibe T, Hani T, Tateishi H, Jishage KI, Suzuki H. Effect of zona incision by piezo-micromanipulator (ZIP) on in vitro fertilization in 21 transgenic mice lines. Exp Anim 2009; 58:415-9. [PMID: 19654440 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.58.415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Zona incision using a piezo-micromanipulator (ZIP) has been demonstrated to be effective for in vitro fertilization (IVF) using cryopreserved C57BL/6 spermatozoa. In this study, ZIP oocytes inseminated with frozen-thawed genetically modified C57BL/6J or FVB mice spermatozoa (21 lines) showed fertilization rates of 22-75% and live fetus rates of 8-49%. In 6 of the lines, the fertilization rates for oocytes compared with ZIP (42-75%) were significantly higher than that of nontreated oocytes (0-50%). Using only 90 oocytes for IVF with ZIP, 5 breeding pairs were produced from cryopreserved genetically modified mice spermatozoa. Our results indicate that application of the ZIP technique is effective for IVF using cryopreserved genetically modified mouse spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Kawase
- Chugai Research Institute for Medical Science, Komakado, Gotemba, Shizuoka, Japan
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Kaneko T, Fukumoto K, Haruguchi Y, Kondo T, Machida H, Koga M, Nakagawa Y, Tsuchiyama S, Saiki K, Noshiba S, Nakagata N. Fertilization of C57BL/6 mouse sperm collected from cauda epididymides after preservation or transportation at 4 degrees C using laser-microdissected oocytes. Cryobiology 2009; 59:59-62. [PMID: 19394323 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2009.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2008] [Revised: 04/15/2009] [Accepted: 04/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The C57BL/6 mouse is commonly used to produce transgenic and knockout strains for biomedical research. However, the motility and fertility of its sperm decrease markedly with freezing. Short-term preservation of sperm without freezing can avoid this. Furthermore, such samples can be transported safety without the special skills or equipment needed for the transportation of live animals or frozen products. We evaluated the motility and fertility of sperm collected from cauda epididymides after preservation or transportation at 4 degrees C. Oocytes with the zona pellucida subjected to laser-microdissection were used to assist fertilization in vitro. Although the motility of sperm gradually decreased with storage (P<0.05), no disruption of the sperm plasma membrane was seen. The proportion of zona-intact oocytes fertilized with sperm preserved for 0, 24, 48 and 72h were 70, 14, 5 and 1%, respectively. On the other hand, 45, 20 and 14% of laser-microdissected oocytes were fertilized by sperm preserved for 24, 48 and 72h, respectively (P<0.05). The fertility of sperm collected from cauda epididymides of two transgenic strains after transportation at 4 degrees C were also significantly increased using laser-microdissected oocytes rather than zona-intact oocytes (57 and 68% vs. 5%, P<0.05). Efficient production of offspring from sperm preserved or transported at 4 degrees C was achieved using laser-microdissected oocytes. Thus the fertility of sperm preserved or transported at 4 degrees C could be maintained, although motility gradually decreased with storage. Laser-microdissected oocytes will contribute to the efficient production of embryos and offspring using such preserved sperm samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehito Kaneko
- Division of Reproductive Engineering, Center for Animal Resources and Development (CARD), Kumamoto University, Honjo, Kumamoto, Japan.
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Takeo T, Hoshii T, Kondo Y, Toyodome H, Arima H, Yamamura KI, Irie T, Nakagata N. Methyl-Beta-Cyclodextrin Improves Fertilizing Ability of C57BL/6 Mouse Sperm after Freezing and Thawing by Facilitating Cholesterol Efflux from the Cells1. Biol Reprod 2008; 78:546-51. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.107.065359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Hino T, Takabe M, Suzuki-Migishima R, Yokoyama M. Cryoprotective effects of various saccharides on cryopreserved mouse sperm from various strains. Reprod Med Biol 2007; 6:229-233. [PMID: 29662412 DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0578.2007.00190.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Cryopreservation of mouse sperm commonly uses raffinose, which is a trisaccharide, plus 3% skim milk. Because of the present lack of knowledge of the effectiveness of any other saccharides, we examined the cryoprotective effects of various saccharides on the viability of mouse sperm from various strains to determine which saccharides are the best cryoprotectants for mouse sperm. Methods: Sperm from the caudae epididymides of mature C57BL/6J mice were frozen with monosaccharides (fructose, glucose, rhamnose, xylose), disaccharides (lactose, maltose, sucrose, trehalose) or trisaccharides (melezitose, raffinose) in a range of concentrations (4-33%). After thawing, the optimal concentration was determined to be the concentration in which there was the highest proportion of motile sperm. In addition, sperm of inbred and hybrid mice were frozen with the saccharides at the optimal concentrations and used for in vitro fertilization. Results: The optimal concentration was 12% for the disaccharides and 18% for the trisaccharides. The fertility of all strains, except C57BL/6J, showed the best cryoprotective effects with maltose, melezitose and raffinose when compared with fresh sperm. Conclusion: Maltose, melezitose and raffinose have the best effects when used as a protectant for cryopreservation of mouse sperm. (Reprod Med Biol 2007; 6: 229-233).
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Hino
- Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Life Sciences, Tokyo, and
| | - Miho Takabe
- Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Life Sciences, Tokyo, and
| | | | - Minesuke Yokoyama
- Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Life Sciences, Tokyo, and.,Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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Anzai M, Nishiwaki M, Yanagi M, Nakashima T, Kaneko T, Taguchi Y, Tokoro M, Shin SW, Mitani T, Kato H, Matsumoto K, Nakagata N, Iritani A. Application of laser-assisted zona drilling to in vitro fertilization of cryopreserved mouse oocytes with spermatozoa from a subfertile transgenic mouse. J Reprod Dev 2006; 52:601-6. [PMID: 16807506 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.18040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of assisted reproductive technologies is necessary to obtain fertilized oocytes in a subfertile transgenic mouse strain. Here, we showed the application of laser-assisted drilling of the zona pellucida to in vitro fertilization of cryopreserved mouse oocytes with sperm from subfertile transgenic mice (C57BL/6N-Tg(UCP/FAD2)U8 strain). After cryopreservation by vitrification, the recovery and survival rates of the zona-drilled mouse oocytes were 97% (97/100) and 94% (91/97), respectively. In vitro fertilization of the cryopreserved zona-drilled mouse oocytes with sperm from the subfertile transgenic mice was greatly facilitated (60%, 55/91) compared to that of the cryopreserved zona-intact mouse oocytes (11%, 81/768). In vitro fertilized embryos that developed to the 2-cell stage were again cryopreserved by vitrification, and after warming they were transferred into recipient females. Subsequently, six viable offspring were delivered, and all were confirmed to be transgenic mice. These results indicate that laser-assisted zona drilling of oocytes combined with cryopreservation by vitrification may be a useful approach for large-scale production of in vitro fertilized embryos for managing transgenic mouse strains with reproductive disabilities such as subfertile sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Anzai
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Kinki University, Wakayama, Japan.
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