Lymphatic filariasis of the ovary and mesosalpinx

Ovarian Filariasis in a Wild Southern Tamandua (Tamanduatetradactyla; Mammalia: Myrmecophagidae)

Knowledge of reproductive health in wild southern tamanduas (Tamandua tetradactyla; Mammalia: Myrmecophagidae) is fragmentary. During necropsies of roadkill xenarthran species in Brazil, a case of ovarian filariasis in an adult female southern tamandua was observed. Macroscopically, both ovaries were irregularly enlarged and had numerous smooth protuberances. Histologically, the affected ovarian parenchyma presented adult nematodes (including females with microfilaria) surrounded by pleocellular inflammatory infiltrates. The morphological characteristics of the nematodes were consistent with the superfamily Filarioidea (order Spirurida). The adjacent ovarian parenchyma had developing and atretic follicles at different stages of maturation. Filarial nematodes were not observed in other tissues. The cause of death of this tamandua was fatal acute polytrauma as a consequence of the motor vehicle collision. This case adds to a prior report of ovarian filariasis in two southern tamanduas in Nicaragua and Guatemala, dating back almost 100 years, and suggests filarial infections could potentially have an impact on reproductive success in southern tamanduas and possibly other xenarthrans. Several xenarthran species are under different levels of threat and knowledge of their basic reproductive health is crucial for conservation programs.

Ovarian Filariasis: Diagnosis by detection of microfilariae in follicular fluid, a case report

Filariasis is a common parasitic infection in India. It is rare to find neglected cases of Filariasis nowadays. We reported the presence of microfilaria species in the follicular fluid of an egg donor undergoing an ovum pick up procedure. She was a 23-year-old egg donor who underwent stimulation using the GnRH antagonist protocol. Antagonist protocol is one of the standard protocols used for controlled ovarian hyperstimulation as a part of the IVF/ICSI(in-vitro fertilization / intracytoplasmic sperm injection) procedure where GnRH antagonist (cetrorelix) is used to suppress the endogenous LH surge. Her baseline investigations were normal, with no significant history suggestive of any worm infestations. During the ovum pickup procedure, follicular fluid revealed the presence of worm-like structures suggestive of larvae of some parasites. The follicular fluid was sent to the microbiology department along with the blood sample to confirm the parasite species. The parasite was found to be the larvae of W. Bancroft. The oocytes were of poor quality and were discarded. The patient was treated with Diethylcarbamazine citrate. There are so many reports about scrotal Filariasis, but rare literature quotes ovarian Filariasis.

Mosquito Bite and Adnexal Mass: The Unusual Diagnosis of Ovarian Filariasis

Lymphatic filariasis is a major health problem in tropical regions especially in India. A large number of patients tend to be asymptomatic. Ovarian filariasis is an extremely rare manifestation of lymphatic filariasis. This is a case report of bilateral ovarian filariasis presenting as ovarian mass with associated lower abdominal pain, weight loss and chyluria. This is a very rare diagnosis, more so as it was diagnosed preoperatively by ultrasound and managed with anti-filarial drugs and confirmed by biopsy. Most cases of ovarian filariasis reported in literature are incidental diagnosis on histopathological examination of postoperative specimen.

Incidental detection of microfilaria in cyst fluid of Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of ovary: A rare case report

INTRODUCTION

Filariasis is a major health problem in certain parts of India. Microfilaria detection on exfoliative and fluid cytology is extremely rare and it is even very rare to find microfilaria coexistent with neoplastic lesions.

PRESENTATION OF CASE

A 45-year-old nulliparous female, who presented with complaints of lower abdominal swelling and pain. Initially, a clinical diagnosis of cystadenoma was made. Ascitic fluid cytology of the patient showed 3-dimensional clusters of cells along with an occasional microfilaria. On histopathology, a diagnosis of Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of ovary was made.

DISCUSSION

Most common cause of lymphatic filariasis is W. bancrofti followed by Brugia species and it affects young adults. The adult form of the filaria lodge in lymph vessels, and due to lymphatic blockage in neoplasms they appear in tissue fluid or on surface material. It is the first case report of microfilaria being detected in ovarian cystic fluid cytology in a patient of Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of ovary.

CONCLUSION

Filaria is an incidental finding in most of the cases, hence, cytopathologist should be vigilant and careful screening of all the slides should be done, especially in a country like India, where it is highly endemic.

Review of Dancing Parasites in Lymphatic Filariasis

Lymphatic filariasis is an infection transmitted by blood-sucking mosquitoes with filarial nematodes of the species Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi und B. timori . It is prevalent in tropical countries throughout the world, with more than 60 million people infected and more than 1 billion living in areas with the risk of transmission. Worm larvae with a length of less than 1 mm are transmitted by mosquitoes, develop in human lymphatic tissue to adult worms with a length of 7-10 cm, live in the human body for up to 10 years and produce millions of microfilariae, which can be transmitted further by mosquitoes. The adult worms can be easily observed by ultrasonography because of their size and fast movements (the so-called "filarial dance sign"), which can be differentiated from other movements (e. g., blood in venous vessels) by their characteristic movement profile in pulsed-wave Doppler mode. Therapeutic options include (combinations of) ivermectin, albendazole, diethylcarbamazine and doxycycline. The latter depletes endosymbiotic Wolbachia bacteria from the worms and thus sterilizes and later kills the adult worms (macrofilaricidal or adulticidal effect).

A Rare Case of Ovarian Filariasis in Abidjan

Ovarian filariasis is an exceptional disease and displays a major diagnostic problem even in endemic areas. We reported the case of a 19-year-old patient who had ovarian cyst which was revealed by chronic pelvic pain. The histological examination of oophorectomy specimen led to the Wuchereria bancrofti filariasis of the ovary. The anatomopathologic examination is required for the diagnosis of this disease.

A rare case of ovarian and pelvic filariasis

Lymphatic filariasis is an important tropic disease associated with significant morbidity. The patients in endemic areas mostly experience problems related to lymphatic obstruction. Physicians practicing in non- endemic areas rarely consider filariasis, especially if it is an uncommon presentation. We present a young woman who posed a significant problem in the diagnosis of ovarian filariasis.

Description of the parasite Wucheria bancrofti microfilariae identified in follicular fluid following transvaginal oocyte retrieval

INTRODUCTION

This case study presents an unusual finding of filarial infection within follicular fluid obtained during an in vitro fertilization (IVF) oocyte retrieval procedure.

CASE

A 41 year-old G4P1030 immigrant from western Africa underwent in vitro fertilization (IVF). At the time of inspection of the follicular fluid obtained at oocyte retrieval, mobile worm-like organisms were observed and identified as Wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae (filariasis). The patient successfully underwent treatment for filariasis and Onchocerciasis co-infection. Following treatment, the patient underwent embryo transfer that failed to result in a pregnancy.

DISCUSSION

Recent years have seen an increase in international travel and immigration. Therefore, practitioners must become familiar not only with illnesses that are endemic to their geographic region but also diseases that are more common in remote regions of the world. The infertility evaluation and treatment offers physicians a unique opportunity to identify and initiate treatment for diseases that might otherwise go undiagnosed.