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The RING finger protein family in health and disease. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:300. [PMID: 36042206 PMCID: PMC9424811 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01152-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a highly conserved and fundamental posttranslational modification (PTM) in all eukaryotes regulating thousands of proteins. The RING (really interesting new gene) finger (RNF) protein, containing the RING domain, exerts E3 ubiquitin ligase that mediates the covalent attachment of ubiquitin (Ub) to target proteins. Multiple reviews have summarized the critical roles of the tripartite-motif (TRIM) protein family, a subgroup of RNF proteins, in various diseases, including cancer, inflammatory, infectious, and neuropsychiatric disorders. Except for TRIMs, since numerous studies over the past decades have delineated that other RNF proteins also exert widespread involvement in several diseases, their importance should not be underestimated. This review summarizes the potential contribution of dysregulated RNF proteins, except for TRIMs, to the pathogenesis of some diseases, including cancer, autoimmune diseases, and neurodegenerative disorder. Since viral infection is broadly involved in the induction and development of those diseases, this manuscript also highlights the regulatory roles of RNF proteins, excluding TRIMs, in the antiviral immune responses. In addition, we further discuss the potential intervention strategies targeting other RNF proteins for the prevention and therapeutics of those human diseases.
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, most prevalent in the elderly population and has a significant impact on individuals and their family as well as the health care system and the economy. While the number of patients affected by various forms of dementia including AD is on the increase, there is currently no cure. Although genome-wide association studies have identified genetic markers for familial AD, the molecular mechanisms underlying the initiation and development of both familial and sporadic AD remain poorly understood. Most neurodegenerative diseases and in particular those associated with dementia have been defined as proteinopathies due to the presence of intra- and/or extracellular protein aggregates in the brain of affected individuals. Although loss of proteostasis in AD has been known for decades, it is only in recent years that we have come to appreciate the role of ubiquitin-dependent mechanisms in brain homeostasis and in brain diseases. Ubiquitin is a highly versatile post-translational modification which regulates many aspects of protein fate and function, including protein degradation by the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System (UPS), autophagy-mediated removal of damaged organelles and proteins, lysosomal turnover of membrane proteins and of extracellular molecules brought inside the cell through endocytosis. Amyloid-β (Aβ) fragments as well as hyperphosphorylation of Tau are hallmarks of AD, and these are found in extracellular plaques and intracellular fibrils in the brain of individuals with AD, respectively. Yet, whether it is the oligomeric or the soluble species of Aβ and Tau that mediate toxicity is still unclear. These proteins impact on mitochondrial energy metabolism, inflammation, as well as a number of housekeeping processes including protein degradation through the UPS and autophagy. In this chapter, we will discuss the role of ubiquitin in neuronal homeostasis as well as in AD; summarise crosstalks between the enzymes that regulate protein ubiquitination and the toxic proteins Tau and Aβ; highlight emerging molecular mechanisms in AD as well as future strategies which aim to exploit the ubiquitin system as a source for next-generation therapeutics.
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Fan J, Dawson TM, Dawson VL. Cell Death Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2018; 15:403-425. [PMID: 28674991 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-57193-5_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There are common mechanisms shared by genetically or pathologically distinct neurodegenerative diseases, such as excitotoxicity, mitochondrial deficits and oxidative stress, protein misfolding and translational dysfunction, autophagy and microglia activation. This indicates that although the original cause may differ in individual diseases or even subtypes of certain disorders, these disrupted common cell functions and signaling, together with aging, may lead to final execution of cell death through similar pathways. The variable neurodegenerative disease symptoms are probably caused by the type, location, and connection of the cell populations that suffer from dysfunction and loss. Besides apoptosis, necroptosis, and autophagy, an important form of death termed parthanatos plays a prominent role in stroke and several neurodegenerative diseases, which is due to PARP-1 overactivation, PAR accumulation, nuclear translocation of the mitochondria protein AIF, and large-scale DNA cleavage. Understanding the mechanisms and interactions of cell death signaling will not only help to develop neuroprotective strategies to halt neurodegeneration, but also provide biomarkers for monitoring disease progression and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Fan
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Ted M Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Valina L Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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Mackenroth L, Hackmann K, Beyer A, Schallner J, Novotna B, Klink B, Schröck E, Di Donato N. 6q22.33 microdeletion in a family with intellectual disability, variable major anomalies, and behavioral abnormalities. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 167A:2800-7. [PMID: 26334553 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Interstitial deletions on the long arm of chromosome six have been described for several regions including 6q16, 6q22.1, and 6q21q22.1, and with variable phenotypes such as intellectual disability/developmental delay, growth retardation, major and minor facial anomalies. However, an isolated microdeletion of the sub-band 6q22.33 has not been reported so far and thus, no information about the specific phenotype associated with such a copy number variant is available. Here, we define the clinical picture of an isolated 6q22.33 microdeletion based on the phenotype of six members of one family with loss of approximately 1 Mb in this region. Main clinical features include mild intellectual disability and behavioral abnormalities as well as microcephaly, heart defect, and cleft lip and palate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Mackenroth
- Institut f, ü, r Klinische Genetik, Medizinische Fakult, ä, t Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karl Hackmann
- Institut f, ü, r Klinische Genetik, Medizinische Fakult, ä, t Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anke Beyer
- Institut f, ü, r Klinische Genetik, Medizinische Fakult, ä, t Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Schallner
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder-und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Barbara Novotna
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder-und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - Barbara Klink
- Institut f, ü, r Klinische Genetik, Medizinische Fakult, ä, t Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Evelin Schröck
- Institut f, ü, r Klinische Genetik, Medizinische Fakult, ä, t Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nataliya Di Donato
- Institut f, ü, r Klinische Genetik, Medizinische Fakult, ä, t Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Gerö D, Szoleczky P, Chatzianastasiou A, Papapetropoulos A, Szabo C. Modulation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1)-mediated oxidative cell injury by ring finger protein 146 (RNF146) in cardiac myocytes. Mol Med 2014; 20:313-28. [PMID: 24842055 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2014.00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) activation is a hallmark of oxidative stress-induced cellular injury that can lead to energetic failure and necrotic cell death via depleting the cellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) and ATP pools. Pharmacological PARP-1 inhibition or genetic PARP-1 deficiency exert protective effects in multiple models of cardiomyocyte injury. However, the connection between nuclear PARP-1 activation and depletion of the cytoplasmic and mitochondrial energy pools is poorly understood. By using cultured rat cardiomyocytes, here we report that ring finger protein 146 (RNF146), a cytoplasmic E3-ubiquitin ligase, acts as a direct interactor of PARP-1. Overexpression of RNF146 exerts protection against oxidant-induced cell death, whereas PARP-1-mediated cellular injury is augmented after RNF146 silencing. RNF146 translocates to the nucleus upon PARP-1 activation, triggering the exit of PARP-1 from the nucleus, followed by rapid degradation of both proteins. PARP-1 and RNF146 degradation occurs in the early phase of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury; it precedes the induction of heat shock protein expression. Taken together, PARP-1 release from the nucleus and its rapid degradation represent newly identified steps of the necrotic cell death program induced by oxidative stress. These steps are controlled by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway protein RNF146. The current results shed new light on the mechanism of necrotic cell death. RNF146 may represent a distinct target for experimental therapeutic intervention of oxidant-mediated cardiac injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domokos Gerö
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Petra Szoleczky
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | | | | | - Csaba Szabo
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
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Zhou ZD, Chan CHS, Xiao ZC, Tan EK. Ring finger protein 146/Iduna is a poly(ADP-ribose) polymer binding and PARsylation dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase. Cell Adh Migr 2012; 5:463-71. [PMID: 22274711 DOI: 10.4161/cam.5.6.18356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings suggest that Ring finger protein 146 (RNF146), also called iduna, have neuroprotective property due to its inhibition of Parthanatos via binding with Poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR). The Parthanatos is a PAR dependent cell death that has been implicated in many human diseases. RNF146/Iduna acts as a PARsylation-directed E3 ubquitin ligase to mediate tankyrase-dependent degradation of axin, thereby positively regulates Wnt signaling. RNF146/Iduna can also facilitate DNA repair and protect against cell death induced by DNA damaging agents or γ-irradiation. It can translocate to the nucleus after cellular injury and promote the ubiquitination and degradation of various nuclear proteins involved in DNA damage repair. The PARsylation-directed ubquitination mediated by RNF146/Iduna is analogous to the phosphorylation-directed ubquitination catalyzed by Skp1-Cul1-F-box (SCF) E3 ubiquitin complex. RNF146/Iduna has been found to be implicated in neurodegenerative disease and cancer development. Therefore modulation of the PAR-binding and PARsylation dependent E3 ligase activity of RNF146/Iduna could have therapeutic significance for diseases, in which PAR and PAR-binding proteins play key pathophysiologic roles.
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7
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Common variants at 6q22 and 17q21 are associated with intracranial volume. Nat Genet 2012; 44:539-44. [PMID: 22504418 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
During aging, intracranial volume remains unchanged and represents maximally attained brain size, while various interacting biological phenomena lead to brain volume loss. Consequently, intracranial volume and brain volume in late life reflect different genetic influences. Our genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 8,175 community-dwelling elderly persons did not reveal any associations at genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10(-8)) for brain volume. In contrast, intracranial volume was significantly associated with two loci: rs4273712 (P = 3.4 × 10(-11)), a known height-associated locus on chromosome 6q22, and rs9915547 (P = 1.5 × 10(-12)), localized to the inversion on chromosome 17q21. We replicated the associations of these loci with intracranial volume in a separate sample of 1,752 elderly persons (P = 1.1 × 10(-3) for 6q22 and 1.2 × 10(-3) for 17q21). Furthermore, we also found suggestive associations of the 17q21 locus with head circumference in 10,768 children (mean age of 14.5 months). Our data identify two loci associated with head size, with the inversion at 17q21 also likely to be involved in attaining maximal brain size.
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Guttula SV, Allam A, Gumpeny RS. Analyzing microarray data of Alzheimer's using cluster analysis to identify the biomarker genes. Int J Alzheimers Dis 2012; 2012:649456. [PMID: 22482075 PMCID: PMC3296213 DOI: 10.1155/2012/649456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Revised: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer is characterized by the presence of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in cortical regions of the brain. The experimental data is taken from Gene Expression Omnibus. A hierarchical Cluster analysis and TreeView were performed to group genes on the basis of the expression pattern. The dynamic change of expression over time and diverse patterns of expression support the concept of a complex local milieu. TreeView allows the organized data to be visualized. List of 24 genes were obtained which showed high expression levels. Three genes, SORL1, APP, and APOE, are suspected to cause Alzheimer's whereas the other 21 genes are related to other diseases but may also be found to be associated with Alzheimer's, and these are TMEM59, CCT4, IGF2R, SFPQ, PRDX3, RNF14, IDS, SSBP1, SYNE2, TXNL4A, STXBP3, SMARCB1, ULK2, AGTPBP1, FABP7, CALB1, H2AFY, COPA, SAP18, ATIC and SYNCRIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satya vani Guttula
- Department of Biotechnology, Al-Ameer College of Engineering & IT, Andhra Pradesh, Visakhapatnam 531173, India
| | - Apparao Allam
- Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Andhra Pradesh, Kakinada 533003, India
| | - R. Sridhar Gumpeny
- Endocrine & Diabetes Centre, Andhra Pradesh, Visakhapatnam 530002, India
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Kumar P, Pradhan K, Karunya R, Ambasta RK, Querfurth HW. Cross-functional E3 ligases Parkin and C-terminus Hsp70-interacting protein in neurodegenerative disorders. J Neurochem 2011; 120:350-70. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07588.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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10
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Callow MG, Tran H, Phu L, Lau T, Lee J, Sandoval WN, Liu PS, Bheddah S, Tao J, Lill JR, Hongo JA, Davis D, Kirkpatrick DS, Polakis P, Costa M. Ubiquitin ligase RNF146 regulates tankyrase and Axin to promote Wnt signaling. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22595. [PMID: 21799911 PMCID: PMC3143158 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Canonical Wnt signaling is controlled intracellularly by the level of β-catenin protein, which is dependent on Axin scaffolding of a complex that phosphorylates β-catenin to target it for ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation. This function of Axin is counteracted through relocalization of Axin protein to the Wnt receptor complex to allow for ligand-activated Wnt signaling. AXIN1 and AXIN2 protein levels are regulated by tankyrase-mediated poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARsylation), which destabilizes Axin and promotes signaling. Mechanistically, how tankyrase limits Axin protein accumulation, and how tankyrase levels and activity are regulated for this function, are currently under investigation. By RNAi screening, we identified the RNF146 RING-type ubiquitin E3 ligase as a positive regulator of Wnt signaling that operates with tankyrase to maintain low steady-state levels of Axin proteins. RNF146 also destabilizes tankyrases TNKS1 and TNKS2 proteins and, in a reciprocal relationship, tankyrase activity reduces RNF146 protein levels. We show that RNF146, tankyrase, and Axin form a protein complex, and that RNF146 mediates ubiquitylation of all three proteins to target them for proteasomal degradation. RNF146 is a cytoplasmic protein that also prevents tankyrase protein aggregation at a centrosomal location. Tankyrase auto-PARsylation and PARsylation of Axin is known to lead to proteasome-mediated degradation of these proteins, and we demonstrate that, through ubiquitylation, RNF146 mediates this process to regulate Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marinella G. Callow
- Department of Cancer Targets, Genentech Research and Early Development, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Hoanh Tran
- Department of Cancer Targets, Genentech Research and Early Development, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Lilian Phu
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech Research and Early Development, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Ted Lau
- Department of Cancer Targets, Genentech Research and Early Development, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - James Lee
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech Research and Early Development, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Wendy N. Sandoval
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech Research and Early Development, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Peter S. Liu
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech Research and Early Development, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Sheila Bheddah
- Department of Research Pathology, Genentech Research and Early Development, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Janet Tao
- Department of Research Pathology, Genentech Research and Early Development, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jennie R. Lill
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech Research and Early Development, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jo-Anne Hongo
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech Research and Early Development, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - David Davis
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech Research and Early Development, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Donald S. Kirkpatrick
- Department of Protein Chemistry, Genentech Research and Early Development, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Paul Polakis
- Department of Cancer Targets, Genentech Research and Early Development, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Mike Costa
- Department of Cancer Targets, Genentech Research and Early Development, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Peng S, Lü B, Ruan W, Zhu Y, Sheng H, Lai M. Genetic polymorphisms and breast cancer risk: evidence from meta-analyses, pooled analyses, and genome-wide association studies. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2011; 127:309-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-011-1459-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Chen X, Wang X, Sun C, Chen Q, O’Neill FA, Walsh D, Fanous A, Kendler KS. FBXL21 association with schizophrenia in Irish family and case-control samples. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2008; 147B:1231-7. [PMID: 18404645 PMCID: PMC2859303 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
FBXL21 gene encodes an F-box containing protein functioning in the SCF ubiquitin ligase complex. The role of the F-box protein is to recruit proteins designated for degradation to the ligase complex so they would be ubiquitinated. Using both family and case-control samples, we found consistent associations in and around FBXL21 gene. In the family sample (Irish study of high density schizophrenia families, ISHDSF, 1,350 subjects from 273 families), a minimal PDT P-value of 0.0011 was observed at rs31555. In the case-control sample (Irish case-control study of schizophrenia, ICCSS, 814 cases and 625 controls), significant associations were observed at two markers (rs1859427 P = 0.0197, and rs6861170 P = 0.0197). In haplotype analyses, haplotype 1-1 (C-T) of rs1859427-rs6861170 was overtransmitted in the ISHDSF (P = 0.0437) and was overrepresented in the ICCSS (P = 0.0177). For both samples, the associated alleles and haplotypes were identical. These data suggested that FBXL21 may be associated with schizophrenia in the Irish samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangning Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavior Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia,
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavior Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Cuie Sun
- Department of Psychiatry and Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavior Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Psychiatry and Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavior Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - F. Anthony O’Neill
- The Department of Psychiatry, The Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | | | - Ayman Fanous
- Department of Psychiatry and Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavior Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia,Washington VA Medical Center-Georgetown University Medical Center Schizophrenia Research Program, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Kenneth S. Kendler
- Department of Psychiatry and Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavior Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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Liu QY, Lei JX, Sikorska M, Liu R. A novel brain-enriched E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF182 is up regulated in the brains of Alzheimer's patients and targets ATP6V0C for degradation. Mol Neurodegener 2008; 3:4. [PMID: 18298843 PMCID: PMC2279130 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1326-3-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2007] [Accepted: 02/25/2008] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Alterations in multiple cellular pathways contribute to the development of chronic neurodegeneration such as a sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD). These, in turn, involve changes in gene expression, amongst which are genes regulating protein processing and turnover such as the components of the ubiquitin-proteosome system. Recently, we have identified a cDNA whose expression was altered in AD brains. It contained an open reading frame of 247 amino acids and represented a novel RING finger protein, RNF182. Here we examined its biochemical properties and putative role in brain cells. Results RNF182 is a low abundance cytoplasmic protein expressed preferentially in the brain. Its expression was elevated in post-mortem AD brain tissue and the gene could be up regulated in vitro in cultured neurons subjected to cell death-inducing injuries. Subsequently, we have established that RNF182 protein possessed an E3 ubiquitin ligase activity and stimulated the E2-dependent polyubiquitination in vitro. Yeast two-hybrid screening, overexpression and co-precipitation approaches revealed, both in vitro and in vivo, an interaction between RNF182 and ATP6V0C, known for its role in the formation of gap junction complexes and neurotransmitter release channels. The data indicated that RNF182 targeted ATP6V0C for degradation by the ubiquitin-proteosome pathway. Overexpression of RNF182 reduced cell viability and it would appear that by itself the gene can disrupt cellular homeostasis. Conclusion Taken together, we have identified a novel brain-enriched RING finger E3 ligase, which was up regulated in AD brains and neuronal cells exposed to injurious insults. It interacted with ATP6V0C protein suggesting that it may play a very specific role in controlling the turnover of an essential component of neurotransmitter release machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yan Liu
- Neurobiology Program, Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada.
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Upadhya SC, Hegde AN. Role of the ubiquitin proteasome system in Alzheimer's disease. BMC BIOCHEMISTRY 2007; 8 Suppl 1:S12. [PMID: 18047736 PMCID: PMC2106363 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2091-8-s1-s12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Though Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a syndrome with well-defined clinical and neuropathological manifestations, an array of molecular defects underlies its pathology. A role for the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) was suspected in the pathogenesis of AD since the presence of ubiquitin immunoreactivity in AD-related neuronal inclusions, such as neurofibrillary tangles, is seen in all AD cases. Recent studies have indicated that components of the UPS could be linked to the early phase of AD, which is marked by synaptic dysfunction, as well as to the late stages of the disease, characterized by neurodegeneration. Insoluble protein aggregates in the brain of AD patients could result from malfunction or overload of the UPS, or from structural changes in the protein substrates, which prevent their recognition and degradation by the UPS. Defective proteolysis could cause the synaptic dysfunction observed early in AD since the UPS is known to play a role in the normal functioning of synapses. In this review, we discuss recent observations on possible links between the UPS and AD, and the potential for utilizing UPS components as targets for treatment of this disease. Publication history: Republished from Current BioData's Targeted Proteins database (TPdb; ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudarshan C Upadhya
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest University Health Sciences Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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Russo J, Balogh GA, Heulings R, Mailo DA, Moral R, Russo PA, Sheriff F, Vanegas J, Russo IH. Molecular basis of pregnancy-induced breast cancer protection. Eur J Cancer Prev 2007; 15:306-42. [PMID: 16835503 DOI: 10.1097/00008469-200608000-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We have postulated that the lifetime protective effect of an early pregnancy against breast cancer is due to the complete differentiation of the mammary gland characterized by a specific genomic signature imprinted by the physiological process of pregnancy. In the present work, we show evidence that the breast tissue of postmenopausal parous women has had a shifting of stem cell 1 to stem cell 2 with a genomic signature different from similar structures derived from postmenopausal nulliparous women that have stem cell 1. Those genes that are significantly different are grouped in major categories on the basis of their putative functional significance. Among them are those gene transcripts related to immune surveillance, DNA repair, transcription, chromatin structure/activators/co-activators, growth factor and signal transduction pathway, transport and cell trafficking, cell proliferation, differentiation, cell adhesion, protein synthesis and cell metabolism. From these data, it was concluded that during pregnancy there are significant genomic changes that reflect profound alterations in the basic physiology of the mammary gland that explain the protective effect against carcinogenesis. The implication of this knowledge is that when the genomic signature of protection or refractoriness to carcinogenesis is acquired by the shifting of stem cell 1 to stem cell 2, the hormonal milieu induced by pregnancy or pregnancy-like conditions is no longer required. This is a novel concept that challenges the current knowledge that a chemopreventive agent needs to be given for a long period to suppress a metabolic pathway or abrogate the function of an organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Russo
- Breast Cancer Research Laboratory, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111, USA.
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Yokota T, Mishra M, Akatsu H, Tani Y, Miyauchi T, Yamamoto T, Kosaka K, Nagai Y, Sawada T, Heese K. Brain site-specific gene expression analysis in Alzheimer's disease patients. Eur J Clin Invest 2006; 36:820-30. [PMID: 17032350 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2006.01722.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by a progressive loss of higher cognitive functions. The brain of an individual with AD exhibits extracellular senile plaques (SPs) of aggregated amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta) and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Given the critical role of neuronal transport of both proteins and organelles, it is not surprising that perturbation of microtubule-based transport may play a major role in the pathogenesis of AD. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used the cDNA subtraction methodology and in vitro neural cell culture analyses to study the meaning of the brain site-specific gene expression pattern in cerebral tissue obtained from AD patients and also from control subjects at autopsy. RESULTS We observed that cytoskeleton-associated proteins were down-regulated in AD subjects. We also noted an altered expression of the microtubule-associated protein 1B (MAP1B), the heat-shock protein (HSP)-90 (a key chaperone molecule), the tripartite motif-containing proteins (TRIM)-32/37 (an anti apoptotic enzyme with ubiquitin-protein ligase activity) and the Reticulon-3 (a modulator of the amyloid-precursor-protein (APP) cleavage) in AD brains. Additional molecular- and cell-biological studies revealed that small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated down-regulation of MAP1B expression leads to neuronal cell death in vitro. CONCLUSION Altered expression of MAP1B, HSP90, TRIM32/37 and Reticulon-3 provides new clues by which the ubiquitin-proteasome-, the protein-chaperon- and the APP-processing systems are disturbed in AD, thus, leading to neuritic amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yokota
- BF Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
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Espeseth AS, Huang Q, Gates A, Xu M, Yu Y, Simon AJ, Shi XP, Zhang X, Hodor P, Stone DJ, Burchard J, Cavet G, Bartz S, Linsley P, Ray WJ, Hazuda D. A genome wide analysis of ubiquitin ligases in APP processing identifies a novel regulator of BACE1 mRNA levels. Mol Cell Neurosci 2006; 33:227-35. [PMID: 16978875 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2006.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2006] [Accepted: 07/07/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteolysis of beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) into amyloid beta peptide (Abeta) by beta- and gamma-secretases is a critical step in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease (AD), but the pathways regulating secretases are not fully characterized. Ubiquitinylation, which is dysregulated in AD, may affect APP processing. Here, we describe a screen for APP processing modulators using an siRNA library targeting 532 predicted ubiquitin ligases. Seven siRNA pools diminished Abeta production. Of these, siRNAs targeting PPIL2 (hCyp-60) suppressed beta-site cleavage. Knockdown of PPIL2 mRNA decreased BACE1 mRNA, while overexpression of PPIL2 cDNA enhanced BACE1 mRNA levels. Microarray analysis of PPIL2 or BACE1 knockdown indicated that genes affected by BACE1 knockdown are a subset of those dependent upon PPIL2; suggesting that BACE1 expression is downstream of PPIL2. The association of PPIL2 with BACE expression and its requirement for Abeta production suggests new approaches to discover disease modifying agents for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy S Espeseth
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Technologies, Merck Research Laboratories, P.O. Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
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Mahr S, Burmester GR, Hilke D, Göbel U, Grützkau A, Häupl T, Hauschild M, Koczan D, Krenn V, Neidel J, Perka C, Radbruch A, Thiesen HJ, Müller B. Cis- and trans-acting gene regulation is associated with osteoarthritis. Am J Hum Genet 2006; 78:793-803. [PMID: 16642435 PMCID: PMC1474041 DOI: 10.1086/503849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2005] [Accepted: 03/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complex disease of the skeleton and is associated with aging. Both environmental and genetic factors contribute to its pathogenesis. We set out to identify novel genes associated with OA, concentrating on regulatory polymorphisms allowing for differential expression. Our strategy to identify differentially expressed genes included an initial transcriptome analysis of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of six patients with OA and six age-matched healthy controls. These were screened for allelic expression imbalances and potentially regulatory single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 5' regions of the genes. To establish disease association, disparate promoter SNP distributions correlating with the differential expression were tested on larger cohorts. Our approach yielded 26 candidate genes differentially expressed between patients and controls. Whereas BLP2 and CIAS1 seem to be trans-regulated, as the absence of allelic expression imbalances suggests, the presence of allelic imbalances confirms cis-regulatory mechanisms for RHOB and TXNDC3. Interestingly, on/off-switching suggests additional trans-regulation for TXNDC3. Moreover, we demonstrate for RHOB and TXNDC3 statistically significant associations between 5' SNPs and the disease that hint at regulatory functions. Investigating the respective genes functionally will not only shed light on the disease association but will also add to the understanding of the pathogenic processes involved in OA and may point out novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Udo Göbel
- Contact Software GmbH, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Häupl
- Charité University Hospital, Medical Faculty, Humboldt University
| | - Matthias Hauschild
- Orthopedic Surgery, Medical Faculty, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Veit Krenn
- Charité University Hospital, Medical Faculty, Humboldt University
| | | | - Carsten Perka
- Charité University Hospital, Medical Faculty, Humboldt University
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