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Smirnov A, Daily KP, Gray MC, Ragland SA, Werner LM, Brittany Johnson M, Eby JC, Hewlett EL, Taylor RP, Criss AK. Phagocytosis via complement receptor 3 enables microbes to evade killing by neutrophils. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 114:1-20. [PMID: 36882066 PMCID: PMC10949953 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
CR3 (CD11b/CD18; αmβ2 integrin) is a conserved phagocytic receptor. The active conformation of CR3 binds the iC3b fragment of complement C3 as well as many host and microbial ligands, leading to actin-dependent phagocytosis. There are conflicting reports about how CR3 engagement affects the fate of phagocytosed substrates. Using imaging flow cytometry, we confirmed that binding and internalization of iC3b-opsonized polystyrene beads by primary human neutrophils was CR3-dependent. iC3b-opsonized beads did not stimulate neutrophil reactive oxygen species, and most beads were found in primary granule-negative phagosomes. Similarly, Neisseria gonorrhoeae that does not express phase-variable Opa proteins suppresses neutrophil reactive oxygen species and delays phagolysosome formation. Here, binding and internalization of Opa-deleted (Δopa) N. gonorrhoeae by adherent human neutrophils was inhibited using blocking antibodies against CR3 and by adding neutrophil inhibitory factor, which targets the CD11b I-domain. No detectable C3 was deposited on N. gonorrhoeae in the presence of neutrophils alone. Conversely, overexpressing CD11b in HL-60 promyelocytes enhanced Δopa N. gonorrhoeae phagocytosis, which required the CD11b I-domain. Phagocytosis of N. gonorrhoeae was also inhibited in mouse neutrophils that were CD11b-deficient or treated with anti-CD11b. Phorbol ester treatment upregulated surface CR3 on neutrophils in suspension, enabling CR3-dependent phagocytosis of Δopa N. gonorrhoeae. Neutrophils exposed to Δopa N. gonorrhoeae had limited phosphorylation of Erk1/2, p38, and JNK. Neutrophil phagocytosis of unopsonized Mycobacterium smegmatis, which also resides in immature phagosomes, was CR3-dependent and did not elicit reactive oxygen species. We suggest that CR3-mediated phagocytosis is a silent mode of entry into neutrophils, which is appropriated by diverse pathogens to subvert phagocytic killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asya Smirnov
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology
| | | | - Mary C. Gray
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology
| | | | | | | | - Joshua C. Eby
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine
| | - Erik L. Hewlett
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine
| | - Ronald P. Taylor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine
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2
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Torres-Gomez A, Cabañas C, Lafuente EM. Phagocytic Integrins: Activation and Signaling. Front Immunol 2020; 11:738. [PMID: 32425937 PMCID: PMC7203660 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Phagocytic integrins are endowed with the ability to engulf and dispose of particles of different natures. Evolutionarily conserved from worms to humans, they are involved in pathogen elimination and apoptotic and tumoral cell clearance. Research in the field of integrin-mediated phagocytosis has shed light on the molecular events controlling integrin activation and their effector functions. However, there are still some aspects of the regulation of the phagocytic process that need to be clarified. Here, we have revised the molecular events controlling phagocytic integrin activation and the downstream signaling driving particle engulfment, and we have focused particularly on αMβ2/CR3, αXβ2/CR4, and a brief mention of αVβ5/αVβ3integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Torres-Gomez
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Cabañas
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain.,Severo Ochoa Center for Molecular Biology (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther M Lafuente
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
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3
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Distinct Contributions of CD18 Integrins for Binding and Phagocytic Internalization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Infect Immun 2020; 88:IAI.00011-20. [PMID: 32041787 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00011-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis is the key mechanism for host control of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a motile Gram-negative, opportunistic bacterial pathogen which frequently undergoes adaptation and selection for traits that are advantageous for survival. One such clinically relevant adaptation is the loss of bacterial motility, observed within chronic infections, that is associated with increased antibiotic tolerance and phagocytic resistance. Previous studies using phagocytes from a leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1 (LAD-I) patient identified CD18 as a putative cell surface receptor for uptake of live P. aeruginosa However, how bacterial motility alters direct engagement with CD18-containing integrins remains unknown. Here we demonstrate, with the use of motile and isogenic nonmotile deletion mutants of two independent strains of P. aeruginosa and with CRISPR-generated CD18-deficient cell lines in human monocytes and murine neutrophils, that CD18 expression facilitates the uptake of both motile and nonmotile P. aeruginosa However, unexpectedly, mechanistic studies revealed that CD18 expression was dispensable for the initial attachment of the bacteria to the host cells, which was validated with ectopic expression of complement receptor 3 (CR3) by CHO cells. Our data support that surface N-linked glycan chains (N-glycans) likely facilitate the initial interaction of bacteria with monocytes and cooperate with CD18 integrins in trans to promote internalization of bacteria. Moreover, talin-1 and kindlin-3 proteins promote uptake, but not binding, of P. aeruginosa by murine neutrophils, which supports a role for CD18 integrin signaling in this process. These findings provide novel insights into the cellular determinants for phagocytic recognition and uptake of P. aeruginosa.
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4
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Martins Gomes SF, Westermann AJ, Sauerwein T, Hertlein T, Förstner KU, Ohlsen K, Metzger M, Shusta EV, Kim BJ, Appelt-Menzel A, Schubert-Unkmeir A. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Brain Endothelial Cells as a Cellular Model to Study Neisseria meningitidis Infection. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1181. [PMID: 31191497 PMCID: PMC6548865 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Meningococcal meningitis is a severe central nervous system infection that occurs when Neisseria meningitidis (Nm) penetrates brain endothelial cells (BECs) of the meningeal blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. As a human-specific pathogen, in vivo models are greatly limited and pose a significant challenge. In vitro cell models have been developed, however, most lack critical BEC phenotypes limiting their usefulness. Human BECs generated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) retain BEC properties and offer the prospect of modeling the human-specific Nm interaction with BECs. Here, we exploit iPSC-BECs as a novel cellular model to study Nm host-pathogen interactions, and provide an overview of host responses to Nm infection. Using iPSC-BECs, we first confirmed that multiple Nm strains and mutants follow similar phenotypes to previously described models. The recruitment of the recently published pilus adhesin receptor CD147 underneath meningococcal microcolonies could be verified in iPSC-BECs. Nm was also observed to significantly increase the expression of pro-inflammatory and neutrophil-specific chemokines IL6, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL8, and CCL20, and the secretion of IFN-γ and RANTES. For the first time, we directly observe that Nm disrupts the three tight junction proteins ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-5, which become frayed and/or discontinuous in BECs upon Nm challenge. In accordance with tight junction loss, a sharp loss in trans-endothelial electrical resistance, and an increase in sodium fluorescein permeability and in bacterial transmigration, was observed. Finally, we established RNA-Seq of sorted, infected iPSC-BECs, providing expression data of Nm-responsive host genes. Altogether, this model provides novel insights into Nm pathogenesis, including an impact of Nm on barrier properties and tight junction complexes, and suggests that the paracellular route may contribute to Nm traversal of BECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara F Martins Gomes
- Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander J Westermann
- Institute of Molecular Infection Biology (IMIB), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Würzburg, Germany
| | - Till Sauerwein
- Institute of Molecular Infection Biology (IMIB), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,ZB MED, Information Centre for Life Sciences, Cologne, Germany.,TH Köln, University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Information Science and Communication Studies, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tobias Hertlein
- Institute of Molecular Infection Biology (IMIB), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Konrad U Förstner
- Institute of Molecular Infection Biology (IMIB), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,ZB MED, Information Centre for Life Sciences, Cologne, Germany.,TH Köln, University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Information Science and Communication Studies, Cologne, Germany
| | - Knut Ohlsen
- Institute of Molecular Infection Biology (IMIB), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marco Metzger
- Chair Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Translational Center Regenerative Therapies (TLC-RT), Würzburg, Germany
| | - Eric V Shusta
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Brandon J Kim
- Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Antje Appelt-Menzel
- Chair Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Translational Center Regenerative Therapies (TLC-RT), Würzburg, Germany
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5
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Abstract
Skin is the largest organ of the body with a complex network of multitude of cell types that perform plastic and dynamic cellular communication to maintain several vital processes such as inflammation, immune response including induction of tolerance and disease prevention, wound healing, and angiogenesis. Of paramount importance are immunological functions of the skin that protect from harmful exposure coming from external and internal environments. Awareness of skin immunity can provide a better comprehension of inflammation, autoimmunity, cancer, graft-versus-host disease, vaccination, and immunotherapy approaches. This paper will update on what we currently know about immune sentinels contributing to skin immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Matejuk
- Faculty of Health Science, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland. .,Faculty of Science and Technology, Karkonosze College, Jelenia Góra, Poland.
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6
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Standing ASI, Malinova D, Hong Y, Record J, Moulding D, Blundell MP, Nowak K, Jones H, Omoyinmi E, Gilmour KC, Medlar A, Stanescu H, Kleta R, Anderson G, Nanthapisal S, Gomes SM, Klein N, Eleftheriou D, Thrasher AJ, Brogan PA. Autoinflammatory periodic fever, immunodeficiency, and thrombocytopenia (PFIT) caused by mutation in actin-regulatory gene WDR1. THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE 2017. [PMID: 27994071 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20161228)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The importance of actin dynamics in the activation of the inflammasome is becoming increasingly apparent. IL-1β, which is activated by the inflammasome, is known to be central to the pathogenesis of many monogenic autoinflammatory diseases. However, evidence from an autoinflammatory murine model indicates that IL-18, the other cytokine triggered by inflammasome activity, is important in its own right. In this model, autoinflammation was caused by mutation in the actin regulatory gene WDR1 We report a homozygous missense mutation in WDR1 in two siblings causing periodic fevers with immunodeficiency and thrombocytopenia. We found impaired actin dynamics in patient immune cells. Patients had high serum levels of IL-18, without a corresponding increase in IL-18-binding protein or IL-1β, and their cells also secreted more IL-18 but not IL-1β in culture. We found increased caspase-1 cleavage within patient monocytes indicative of increased inflammasome activity. We transfected HEK293T cells with pyrin and wild-type and mutated WDR1 Mutant protein formed aggregates that appeared to accumulate pyrin; this could potentially precipitate inflammasome assembly. We have extended the findings from the mouse model to highlight the importance of WDR1 and actin regulation in the activation of the inflammasome, and in human autoinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane S I Standing
- University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK .,Institute of Biomedical and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Bedfordshire, Luton LU2 8DL, England, UK
| | - Dessislava Malinova
- University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
| | - Ying Hong
- University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
| | - Julien Record
- University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
| | - Dale Moulding
- University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
| | - Michael P Blundell
- University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
| | - Karolin Nowak
- University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
| | - Hannah Jones
- University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
| | - Ebun Omoyinmi
- University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
| | - Kimberly C Gilmour
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, England, UK
| | - Alan Medlar
- University College London Division of Medicine, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
| | - Horia Stanescu
- University College London Division of Medicine, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
| | - Robert Kleta
- University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK.,University College London Division of Medicine, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK.,Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, England, UK
| | - Glenn Anderson
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, England, UK
| | - Sira Nanthapisal
- University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
| | - Sonia Melo Gomes
- University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
| | - Nigel Klein
- University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
| | - Despina Eleftheriou
- University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
| | - Adrian J Thrasher
- University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
| | - Paul A Brogan
- University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
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7
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Standing ASI, Malinova D, Hong Y, Record J, Moulding D, Blundell MP, Nowak K, Jones H, Omoyinmi E, Gilmour KC, Medlar A, Stanescu H, Kleta R, Anderson G, Nanthapisal S, Gomes SM, Klein N, Eleftheriou D, Thrasher AJ, Brogan PA. Autoinflammatory periodic fever, immunodeficiency, and thrombocytopenia (PFIT) caused by mutation in actin-regulatory gene WDR1. J Exp Med 2016; 214:59-71. [PMID: 27994071 PMCID: PMC5206503 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20161228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of actin dynamics in the activation of the inflammasome is becoming increasingly apparent. IL-1β, which is activated by the inflammasome, is known to be central to the pathogenesis of many monogenic autoinflammatory diseases. However, evidence from an autoinflammatory murine model indicates that IL-18, the other cytokine triggered by inflammasome activity, is important in its own right. In this model, autoinflammation was caused by mutation in the actin regulatory gene WDR1 We report a homozygous missense mutation in WDR1 in two siblings causing periodic fevers with immunodeficiency and thrombocytopenia. We found impaired actin dynamics in patient immune cells. Patients had high serum levels of IL-18, without a corresponding increase in IL-18-binding protein or IL-1β, and their cells also secreted more IL-18 but not IL-1β in culture. We found increased caspase-1 cleavage within patient monocytes indicative of increased inflammasome activity. We transfected HEK293T cells with pyrin and wild-type and mutated WDR1 Mutant protein formed aggregates that appeared to accumulate pyrin; this could potentially precipitate inflammasome assembly. We have extended the findings from the mouse model to highlight the importance of WDR1 and actin regulation in the activation of the inflammasome, and in human autoinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane S I Standing
- University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK .,Institute of Biomedical and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Bedfordshire, Luton LU2 8DL, England, UK
| | - Dessislava Malinova
- University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
| | - Ying Hong
- University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
| | - Julien Record
- University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
| | - Dale Moulding
- University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
| | - Michael P Blundell
- University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
| | - Karolin Nowak
- University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
| | - Hannah Jones
- University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
| | - Ebun Omoyinmi
- University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
| | - Kimberly C Gilmour
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, England, UK
| | - Alan Medlar
- University College London Division of Medicine, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
| | - Horia Stanescu
- University College London Division of Medicine, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
| | - Robert Kleta
- University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK.,University College London Division of Medicine, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK.,Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, England, UK
| | - Glenn Anderson
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, England, UK
| | - Sira Nanthapisal
- University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
| | - Sonia Melo Gomes
- University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
| | - Nigel Klein
- University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
| | - Despina Eleftheriou
- University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
| | - Adrian J Thrasher
- University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
| | - Paul A Brogan
- University College London Institute of Child Health, London WC1E 6BT, England, UK
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Identification and characterization of a unique role for EDB fibronectin in phagocytosis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2015; 94:567-81. [PMID: 26637426 PMCID: PMC4856727 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-015-1373-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Plasma fibronectin is a circulating protein that facilitates phagocytosis by connecting bacteria to immune cells. A fibronectin isoform, which includes a sequence of 90 AA called extra-domain B (EDB), is synthesized de novo at the messenger RNA (mRNA) level in immune cells, but the reason for its expression remains elusive. We detected an 80-fold increase in EDB-containing fibronectin in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with bacterial meningitis that was most pronounced in staphylococcal infections. A role for this isoform in phagocytosis was further suggested by enhanced EDB fibronectin release after internalization of Staphylococcus aureus in vitro. Using transgenic mouse models, we established that immune cell production of fibronectin contributes to phagocytosis, more so than circulating plasma fibronectin, and that accentuated release of EDB-containing fibronectin by immune cells improved phagocytosis. In line with this, administration of EDB fibronectin enhanced in vitro phagocytosis to a larger extent than plasma fibronectin. This enhancement was mediated by αvβ3 integrin as shown using inhibitors or cells from β3 integrin knockout mice. Thus, we identified both a novel function for EDB fibronectin in augmenting phagocytosis over circulating plasma fibronectin, as well as the mediating receptor. Our data also establish for the first time, a direct role for β3 integrin in bacterial phagocytosis in mammals. Key messages • Fibronectin containing an extra domain called EDB is released in bacterial meningitis. • EDB-containing fibronectin enhances phagocytosis more than plasma fibronectin. • The enhancement is mediated by activation of αvβ3 integrin in the presence of EDB. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00109-015-1373-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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9
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Jones HE, Copland A, Hamstra HJ, Cohen J, Brown J, Klein N, van der Ley P, Dixon G. LOS oligosaccharide modification enhances dendritic cell responses to meningococcal native outer membrane vesicles expressing a non-toxic lipid A. Cell Microbiol 2013; 16:519-34. [PMID: 24152255 PMCID: PMC4204155 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMV) are released by many bacteria, and contain immunogenic antigens in addition to harmful inflammatory factors, like lipopolysaccharides. Chemically detoxified OMV have been used in vaccines against Neisseria meningitidis (Nm); however, little is known about their interaction with antigen presenting cells. In this study, we investigated the interaction of Nm OMV with human dendritic cells (DC) to gain further understanding of their biological activity. We engineered a novel serogroup B Nm that is unencapsulated (siaD), expresses pentacylated lipid A (lpxL1), hence conferring reduced toxicity, and expresses an lgtB oligosaccharide structure designed to target OMV to DC via DC-SIGN. We show that the lgtB moiety is critical for internalization of NOMV by DC. Furthermore, the lgtB moiety significantly enhances DC maturation, IL-10 and IL-23 production in the presence of a pentacylated lipid A. While different DC phenotypes were observed for each NOMV, this had little effect on Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation; however, lgtBsignificantly increased Th17 cell expansion in the presence of pentacylated lipid A. We believe that lpxL1/lgtB NOMV should be considered further as a vaccine vector, particularly considering the importance of lgtB in antigen uptake and further human studies on antigen-specific responses should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E Jones
- Infectious Diseases Microbiology Unit, Institute of Child Health, UCL, London, UK
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10
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Pediatr 2009; 21:553-60. [PMID: 19622920 DOI: 10.1097/mop.0b013e3283300b10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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