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Rodríguez-Pastor R, Hasik AZ, Knossow N, Bar-Shira E, Shahar N, Gutiérrez R, Zaman L, Harrus S, Lenski RE, Barrick JE, Hawlena H. Bartonella infections are prevalent in rodents despite efficient immune responses. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:315. [PMID: 37667323 PMCID: PMC10478473 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05918-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathogens face strong selection from host immune responses, yet many host populations support pervasive pathogen populations. We investigated this puzzle in a model system of Bartonella and rodents from Israel's northwestern Negev Desert. We chose to study this system because, in this region, 75-100% of rodents are infected with Bartonella at any given time, despite an efficient immunological response. In this region, Bartonella species circulate in three rodent species, and we tested the hypothesis that at least one of these hosts exhibits a waning immune response to Bartonella, which allows reinfections. METHODS We inoculated captive animals of all three rodent species with the same Bartonella strain, and we quantified the bacterial dynamics and Bartonella-specific immunoglobulin G antibody kinetics over a period of 139 days after the primary inoculation, and then for 60 days following reinoculation with the same strain. RESULTS Contrary to our hypothesis, we found a strong, long-lasting immunoglobulin G antibody response, with protective immunological memory in all three rodent species. That response prevented reinfection upon exposure of the rodents to the same Bartonella strain. CONCLUSIONS This study constitutes an initial step toward understanding how the interplay between traits of Bartonella and their hosts influences the epidemiological dynamics of these pathogens in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Rodríguez-Pastor
- Jacob Blaustein Center for Scientific Cooperation, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Adam Z Hasik
- Jacob Blaustein Center for Scientific Cooperation, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nadav Knossow
- The Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Swiss Institute for Dryland Environmental and Energy Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 849900, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Enav Bar-Shira
- Section of Immunology, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural, Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Naama Shahar
- The Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Swiss Institute for Dryland Environmental and Energy Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 849900, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Ricardo Gutiérrez
- National Reference Center for Bacteriology, Costa Rican Institute for Research and Teaching in Nutrition and Health (INCIENSA), Cartago, Costa Rica
| | - Luis Zaman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Center for the Study of Complex Systems (CSCS), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shimon Harrus
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agricultural, Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Richard E Lenski
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jeffrey E Barrick
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Hadas Hawlena
- The Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Swiss Institute for Dryland Environmental and Energy Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 849900, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel.
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Abideen AZ, Mohamad FB, Hassan MR. Mitigation strategies to fight the COVID-19 pandemic—present, future and beyond. JOURNAL OF HEALTH RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1108/jhr-04-2020-0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposeThe latest novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to have a significant social and financial impact globally. It is very essential to study, categorize and systematize published research on mitigation strategies adopted during previous pandemic scenario that could provide an insight into improving the current crisis. The goal of this paper is to systematize and identify gaps in previous research and suggest potential recommendations as a conceptual framework from a strategic point of view.Design/methodology/approachA systematic review of Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) core collection databases was performed based on strict keyword search selections followed by a bibliometric meta-analysis of the final dataset.FindingsThis study indicated that the traditional mitigation techniques adopted during past pandemics are in place but are not capable of managing the transmission capability and virulence of COVID-19. There is a greater need for rethinking and re-engineering short and long-term approaches to prevent, control and contain the current pandemic situation.Practical implicationsIntegrating various mitigation approaches shall assist in flattening the pandemic curve and help in the long run.Originality/valueArticles, conference proceedings, books, book chapters and other references from two extensive databases (Scopus and WoS) were purposively considered for this study. The search was confined to the selected keywords outlined in the methodology section of this paper.
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Maarouf M, Chen B, Chen Y, Wang X, Rai KR, Zhao Z, Liu S, Li Y, Xiao M, Chen JL. Identification of lncRNA-155 encoded by MIR155HG as a novel regulator of innate immunity against influenza A virus infection. Cell Microbiol 2019; 21:e13036. [PMID: 31045320 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are single-stranded RNA molecules longer than 200 nt that regulate many cellular processes. MicroRNA 155 host gene (MIR155HG) encodes the microRNA (miR)-155 that regulates various signalling pathways of innate and adaptive immune responses against viral infections. MIR155HG also encodes a lncRNA that we call lncRNA-155. Here, we observed that expression of lncRNA-155 was markedly upregulated during influenza A virus (IAV) infection both in vitro (several cell lines) and in vivo (mouse model). Interestingly, robust expression of lncRNA-155 was also induced by infections with several other viruses. Disruption of lncRNA-155 expression in A549 cells diminished the antiviral innate immunity against IAV. Furthermore, knockout of lncRNA-155 in mice significantly increased IAV replication and virulence in the animals. In contrast, overexpression of lncRNA-155 in human cells suppressed IAV replication, suggesting that lncRNA-155 is involved in host antiviral innate immunity induced by IAV infection. Moreover, we found that lncRNA-155 had a profound effect on expression of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) during the infection with IAV. Inhibition of PTP1B by lncRNA-155 resulted in higher production of interferon-beta (IFN-β) and several critical interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Together, these observations reveal that MIR155HG derived lncRNA-155 can be induced by IAV, which modulates host innate immunity during the virus infection via regulation of PTP1B-mediated interferon response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Maarouf
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Biao Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhai Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Xuefei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kul Raj Rai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhonghui Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shasha Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Long Chen
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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4
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Grouping of large populations into few CTL immune 'response-types' from influenza H1N1 genome analysis. Clin Transl Immunology 2014; 3:e24. [PMID: 25505972 PMCID: PMC4232073 DOI: 10.1038/cti.2014.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive work on influenza, a number of questions still remain open about why individuals are differently susceptible to the disease and why only some strains lead to epidemics. Here we study the effect of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotype heterogeneity on possible cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response to 186 influenza H1N1 genomes. To enable such analysis, we reconstruct HLA genotypes in different populations using a probabilistic method. We find that epidemic strains in general correlate with poor CTL response in populations. Our analysis shows that large populations can be classified into a small number of groups called response-types, specific to a given viral strain. Individuals of a response-type are expected to exhibit similar CTL responses. Extent of CTL responses varies significantly across different populations and increases with increase in genetic heterogeneity. Overall, our analysis presents a conceptual advance towards understanding how genetic heterogeneity influences disease susceptibility in individuals and in populations. We also obtain lists of top-ranking epitopes and proteins, ranked on the basis of conservation, antigenic cross-reactivity and population coverage, which provide ready short-lists for rational vaccine design. Our method is fairly generic and has the potential to be applied for studying other viruses.
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5
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Wikramaratna PS, Sandeman M, Recker M, Gupta S. The antigenic evolution of influenza: drift or thrift? Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2013; 368:20120200. [PMID: 23382423 PMCID: PMC3678325 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2012.0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is commonly assumed that antibody responses against the influenza virus are polarized in the following manner: strong antibody responses are directed at highly variable antigenic epitopes, which consequently undergo 'antigenic drift', while weak antibody responses develop against conserved epitopes. As the highly variable epitopes are in a constant state of flux, current antibody-based vaccine strategies are focused on the conserved epitopes in the expectation that they will provide some level of clinical protection after appropriate boosting. Here, we use a theoretical model to suggest the existence of epitopes of low variability, which elicit a high degree of both clinical and transmission-blocking immunity. We show that several epidemiological features of influenza and its serological and molecular profiles are consistent with this model of 'antigenic thrift', and that identifying the protective epitopes of low variability predicted by this model could offer a more viable alternative to regularly update the influenza vaccine than exploiting responses to weakly immunogenic conserved regions.
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6
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Uekermann F, Sneppen K. Spreading of multiple epidemics with cross immunization. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2012; 86:036108. [PMID: 23030981 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.86.036108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Pathogen-host relationships are the result of an ongoing coevolutionary race where the immune system of the host attempts to eliminate the pathogen, while the successful pathogen mutates to become invisible for the host's immune system. We here propose a minimal pathogen-host evolution model that takes into account cross immunization and allows for evolution of a spatially heterogeneous immune status of a population of hosts. With only the mutation rate as a determining parameter, the model allows us to produce an evolutionary tree of diseases which is highly branched, but hardly ever splits into separate long-lived trunks. Side branches remain short lived and seldom diverge to the extent of losing all cross immunizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Uekermann
- Niels Bohr Institute, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100 Copenhagen, Copenhagen University, Denmark.
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Pan Q, Chen H, Wang F, Jeza VT, Hou W, Zhao Y, Xiang T, Zhu Y, Endo Y, Fujita T, Zhang XL. L-ficolin binds to the glycoproteins hemagglutinin and neuraminidase and inhibits influenza A virus infection both in vitro and in vivo. J Innate Immun 2012; 4:312-24. [PMID: 22399010 PMCID: PMC6741490 DOI: 10.1159/000335670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2011] [Revised: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
L-ficolin, one of the complement lectins found in human serum, is a novel pattern recognition molecule that can specifically bind to microbial carbohydrates, thereby activating the lectin complement pathway and mounting a protective innate immune response. However, little is known about the role of L-ficolin during viral infections in vivo. In the present study, we used a mouse model of influenza A virus infection to demonstrate that the administration of exogenous L-ficolin or ficolin A (FCNA - an L-ficolin-like molecule in the mouse) is protective against the virus. Furthermore, FCNA-null mice have a greatly increased susceptibility to infection with the influenza A virus. Moreover, we found recombinant human L-ficolin inhibited influenza A virus entry into Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. More importantly, L-ficolin can recognize and bind hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) glycoproteins and different subtypes of influenza A virus, and these interactions can be competitively inhibited by N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. In addition, the binding of L-ficolin and FCNA may lead to the activation of the lectin complement pathway. To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating that L-ficolin can block influenza virus infections both in vitro and in vivo using FCNA-knockout mice, possibly by interacting with the carbohydrates of HA and NA. Therefore, these data may provide new immunotherapeutic strategies based on the innate immune molecule L-ficolin against the influenza A virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Immunology and Hubei Province, Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune-Related Diseases China, Wuhan University School of Medicine China, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Haidan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Immunology and Hubei Province, Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune-Related Diseases China, Wuhan University School of Medicine China, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Immunology and Hubei Province, Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune-Related Diseases China, Wuhan University School of Medicine China, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Victor Tunje Jeza
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Immunology and Hubei Province, Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune-Related Diseases China, Wuhan University School of Medicine China, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Wei Hou
- Institute of Virology, Wuhan University School of Medicine China, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yinglan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Immunology and Hubei Province, Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune-Related Diseases China, Wuhan University School of Medicine China, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Tian Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Immunology and Hubei Province, Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune-Related Diseases China, Wuhan University School of Medicine China, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Ying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan University College of Life Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yuchi Endo
- Department of Biochemistry II, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Teizo Fujita
- Department of Biochemistry II, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Xiao-Lian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Immunology and Hubei Province, Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune-Related Diseases China, Wuhan University School of Medicine China, Wuhan, PR China
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8
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Kamp C, Heiden M, Henseler O, Seitz R. Management of blood supplies during an influenza pandemic. Transfusion 2009; 50:231-9. [PMID: 20002894 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2009.02498.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood supplies are delicate resources, particularly vulnerable to incidents affecting the health of donors. The critical impact of a pandemic on the availability of red blood cells (RBCs) has been demonstrated in previous research; however, a detailed estimate of the expected deficit is missing. This has become a priority issue in the face of the current influenza pandemic. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Data from several major blood donation services were used to analyze management of blood supplies in Germany. Routine management of RBCs was extrapolated to epidemic and pandemic situations using computer simulations with a mathematical model that allows for analysis of deficits in blood supplies. RESULTS Routine management and distribution of RBCs are driven by supply, which has marked fluctuations but does not appear to have seasonality. There seems to be a remarkable elasticity in the demand for RBCs that helps to mitigate minor crises in supply, but this is likely to be overstretched during a severe pandemic. CONCLUSION The supply-driven management of RBCs in Germany implies that assessment of severity of shortages due to a pandemic depends on detailed knowledge about the fraction of transfusions that do not allow for postponement. Pandemic preparedness should include criteria for prioritization of transfusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christel Kamp
- Section of Biostatistics, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Langen, Germany.
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Design and validation of real-time reverse transcription-PCR assays for detection of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus. J Clin Microbiol 2009; 47:3454-60. [PMID: 19726603 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01103-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tracking novel influenza viruses which have the potential to cause pandemics, such as the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus, is a public health priority. Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus was first identified in Mexico in April 2009 and spread worldwide over a short period of time. Well-validated diagnostic tools that are rapid, sensitive, and specific for the detection and tracking of this virus are needed. Three real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) assays for the amplification and detection of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus were developed, and their performance characteristics were compared with those of other published diagnostic assays. Thirty-nine samples confirmed to be positive for pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus from Alberta, Canada, and six additional samples that were positive for influenza A virus but that were not typeable by using published seasonal influenza H1/H3 virus assays were available for this validation. Amplification and direct sequencing of the products was considered the "gold standard" for case identification. The new assays were sensitive and able to reproducibly detect virus in a 10(-6) dilution of 4 x 10(6) 50% tissue culture infective doses/ml when 5 microl was used as the template. They showed 100% specificity and did not cross-react with other respiratory viruses or seasonal influenza A virus subtypes. The coefficient of variation in crossing cycle threshold values for the detection of different template concentrations of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus was < or =3.13%, showing good reproducibility. The assays had a wide dynamic range for the detection of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus and utilized testing platforms appropriate for high diagnostic throughput with rapid turnaround times. We developed and validated these real-time PCR procedures with the goal that they will be useful for diagnosis and surveillance of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus. These findings will contribute to the informed management of this novel virus.
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Abstract
To Darwin, parasites were fascinating examples of adaptation but their significance as selective factors for a wide range of phenomena has only been studied in depth over the last few decades. This work has had its roots in behavioural/evolutionary ecology on the one hand, and in population biology/ecology on the other, thus shaping a new comprehensive field of 'evolutionary parasitology'. Taking parasites into account has been a success story and has shed new light on several old questions such as sexual selection, the evolution of sex and recombination, changes in behaviour, adaptive life histories, and so forth. In the process, the topic of ecological immunology has emerged, which analyses immune defences in a framework of costs and benefits. Throughout, a recurrent theme is how to appropriately integrate the underlying mechanisms as evolved boundary conditions into a framework of studying the adaptive value of traits. On the conceptual side, major questions remain and await further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Schmid-Hempel
- Institute of Integrative Biology (IBZ), ETH-Zürich ETH-Zentrum CHN, Universitätsstrasse 16, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
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