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Chen Y, Xu LQ, Lin MJ, Zhang W, Zhang ZJ, Xu WC, Yang LJ, Wei CJ. An improved cellular enucleation method with extracellular matrix and colchicine facilitates the study of nucleocytoplasmic interaction. Eur J Cell Biol 2019; 98:151045. [PMID: 31563281 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2019.151045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Enucleated mammalian cells (cytoplasts) have been widely used for studying differential roles of the cytoplasm and nucleus in various cellular processes. Here, we reported an improved enucleation protocol, in which cells were seeded in extracellular matrix (ECM)-coated 24-wells and spun at 4600 g and 35 °C for 60 min in the presence of cytochalasin B and colchicine. When glass-bottom wells were used, cellular structures and organelles in cytoplasts could be examined directly by confocal microscopy. Nuclear envelope rupture did not occur probably due to mild centrifugation conditions used in this study. Addition of paclitaxel or doxorubicin completely blocked proliferation of residual nucleated cells; however, to our surprise, paclitaxel dramatically prolonged the survival of cytoplasts. Results from Annexin V and Propidium Iodide staining showed that cytoplasts died predominantly by apoptosis, which was partially inhibited by ECM and further by paclitaxel. Mitochondria were mostly rod-shaped and formed a connected network in paclitaxel-treated cytoplasts, indicating lack of fusion and fission dynamics. Moreover, paclitaxel increased mitochondrial membrane potential, suggesting that perturbation of mitochondria might be critical to the survival of cytoplasts. In conclusion, we had established an efficient and fast procedure for enucleation of adherent animal cells, which could facilitate the investigation of nucleocytoplasmic interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Multidisciplinary Research Center, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Li-Qun Xu
- Multidisciplinary Research Center, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Mei-Jia Lin
- Multidisciplinary Research Center, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Multidisciplinary Research Center, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Zhong-Jian Zhang
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453000, China.
| | - Wen-Can Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Lv-Jun Yang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Chi-Ju Wei
- Multidisciplinary Research Center, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China.
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4
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Song OR, Queval CJ, Iantomasi R, Delorme V, Marion S, Veyron-Churlet R, Werkmeister E, Popoff M, Ricard I, Jouny S, Deboosere N, Lafont F, Baulard A, Yeramian E, Marsollier L, Hoffmann E, Brodin P. ArfGAP1 restricts Mycobacterium tuberculosis entry by controlling the actin cytoskeleton. EMBO Rep 2017; 19:29-42. [PMID: 29141986 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201744371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) with pulmonary epithelial cells is critical for early stages of bacillus colonization and during the progression of tuberculosis. Entry of Mtb into epithelial cells has been shown to depend on F-actin polymerization, though the molecular mechanisms are still unclear. Here, we demonstrate that mycobacterial uptake into epithelial cells requires rearrangements of the actin cytoskeleton, which are regulated by ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (Arf1) and phospholipase D1 (PLD1), and is dependent on the M3 muscarinic receptor (M3R). We show that this pathway is controlled by Arf GTPase-activating protein 1 (ArfGAP1), as its silencing has an impact on actin cytoskeleton reorganization leading to uncontrolled uptake and replication of Mtb. Furthermore, we provide evidence that this pathway is critical for mycobacterial entry, while the cellular infection with other pathogens, such as Shigella flexneri and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, is not affected. Altogether, these results reveal how cortical actin plays the role of a barrier to prevent mycobacterial entry into epithelial cells and indicate a novel role for ArfGAP1 as a restriction factor of host-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ok-Ryul Song
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1019 - UMR8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Univ. Lille, Lille, France.,Equipe ATIP AVENIR, CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Angers, France.,CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Angers, France.,Institute Pasteur Korea, Seongnam-si Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Christophe J Queval
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1019 - UMR8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Raffaella Iantomasi
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1019 - UMR8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Vincent Delorme
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1019 - UMR8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Univ. Lille, Lille, France.,Institute Pasteur Korea, Seongnam-si Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Sabrina Marion
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1019 - UMR8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Romain Veyron-Churlet
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1019 - UMR8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Elisabeth Werkmeister
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1019 - UMR8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Michka Popoff
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1019 - UMR8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Univ. Lille, Lille, France.,CNRS, UMR8520, Institut d'électronique, de microélectronique et de nanotechnologie, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Isabelle Ricard
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1019 - UMR8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Samuel Jouny
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1019 - UMR8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Nathalie Deboosere
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1019 - UMR8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Frank Lafont
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1019 - UMR8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Alain Baulard
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1019 - UMR8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Edouard Yeramian
- Unité de Microbiologie Structurale, CNRS UMR3528, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Marsollier
- Equipe ATIP AVENIR, CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Angers, France .,CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université d'Angers, Angers, France
| | - Eik Hoffmann
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1019 - UMR8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Univ. Lille, Lille, France
| | - Priscille Brodin
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1019 - UMR8204 - CIIL - Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Univ. Lille, Lille, France .,Institute Pasteur Korea, Seongnam-si Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
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5
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Ribeiro GM, Matsumoto CK, Real F, Teixeira D, Duarte RS, Mortara RA, Leão SC, de Souza Carvalho-Wodarz C. Increased survival and proliferation of the epidemic strain Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. massiliense CRM0019 in alveolar epithelial cells. BMC Microbiol 2017; 17:195. [PMID: 28903728 PMCID: PMC5598063 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-017-1102-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outbreaks of infections caused by rapidly growing mycobacteria have been reported worldwide generally associated with medical procedures. Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. massiliense CRM0019 was obtained during an epidemic of postsurgical infections and was characterized by increased persistence in vivo. To better understand the successful survival strategies of this microorganism, we evaluated its infectivity and proliferation in macrophages (RAW and BMDM) and alveolar epithelial cells (A549). For that, we assessed the following parameters, for both M. abscessus CRM0019 as well as the reference strain M. abscessus ATCC 19977: internalization, intracellular survival for up 3 days, competence to subvert lysosome fusion and the intracellular survival after cell reinfection. RESULTS CRM0019 and ATCC 19977 strains showed the same internalization rate (approximately 30% after 6 h infection), in both A549 and RAW cells. However, colony forming units data showed that CRM0019 survived better in A549 cells than the ATCC 19977 strain. Phagosomal characteristics of CRM0019 showed the bacteria inside tight phagosomes in A549 cells, contrasting to the loosely phagosomal membrane in macrophages. This observation holds for the ATCC 19977 strain in both cell types. The competence to subvert lysosome fusion was assessed by acidification and acquisition of lysosomal protein. For M. abscessus strains the phagosomes were acidified in all cell lines; nevertheless, the acquisition of lysosomal protein was reduced by CRM0019 compared to the ATCC 19977 strain, in A549 cells. Conversely, in macrophages, both M. abscessus strains were located in mature phagosomes, however without bacterial death. Once recovered from macrophages M. abscessus could establish a new intracellular infection. Nevertheless, only CRM0019 showed a higher growth rate in A549, increasing nearly 10-fold after 48 and 72 h. CONCLUSION M. abscessus CRM0019 creates a protective and replicative niche in alveolar epithelial cells mainly by avoiding phagosome maturation. Once recovered from infected macrophages, CRM0019 remains infective and displays greater intracellular growth in A549 cells compared to the ATCC 19977 strain. This evasion strategy in alveolar epithelial cells may contribute to the long survival of the CRM0019 strain in the host and thus to the inefficacy of in vivo treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Monteiro Ribeiro
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristianne Kayoko Matsumoto
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Real
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Laboratoire Entrée muqueuse du VIH et Immunité muqueuse, Department Infection, Immunité et Inflammation, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Daniela Teixeira
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Silva Duarte
- Laboratório de Micobactérias, Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Góes, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renato Arruda Mortara
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sylvia Cardoso Leão
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristiane de Souza Carvalho-Wodarz
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. .,Department of Drug Delivery, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Saarbrücken, Germany.
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6
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Kühn S, Lopez-Montero N, Chang YY, Sartori-Rupp A, Enninga J. Imaging macropinosomes during Shigella infections. Methods 2017; 127:12-22. [PMID: 28522322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Macropinocytosis is the uptake of extracellular fluid within vesicles of varying size that takes place during numerous cellular processes in a large variety of cells. A growing number of pathogens, including viruses, parasites, and bacteria are known to induce macropinocytosis during their entry into targeted host cells. We have recently discovered that the human enteroinvasive, bacterial pathogen Shigella causes in situ macropinosome formation during its entry into epithelial cells. These infection-associated macropinosomes are not generated to ingest the bacteria, but are instead involved in Shigella's intracellular niche formation. They make contacts with the phagocytosed shigellae to promote vacuolar membrane rupture and their cytosolic release. Here, we provide an overview of the different imaging approaches that are currently used to analyze macropinocytosis during infectious processes with a focus on Shigella entry. We detail the advantages and disadvantages of genetically encoded reporters as well as chemical probes to trace fluid phase uptake. In addition, we report how such reporters can be combined with ultrastructural approaches for correlative light electron microscopy either in thin sections or within large volumes. The combined imaging techniques introduced here provide a detailed characterization of macropinosomes during bacterial entry, which, apart from Shigella, are relevant for numerous other ones, including Salmonella, Brucella or Mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Kühn
- Department of Cell Biology and Infection, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | - Yuen-Yan Chang
- Department of Cell Biology and Infection, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Anna Sartori-Rupp
- Department of Cell Biology and Infection, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Jost Enninga
- Department of Cell Biology and Infection, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
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8
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Bronietzki M, Kasmapour B, Gutierrez MG. Study of phagolysosome biogenesis in live macrophages. J Vis Exp 2014. [PMID: 24638150 DOI: 10.3791/51201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagocytic cells play a major role in the innate immune system by removing and eliminating invading microorganisms in their phagosomes. Phagosome maturation is the complex and tightly regulated process during which a nascent phagosome undergoes drastic transformation through well-orchestrated interactions with various cellular organelles and compartments in the cytoplasm. This process, which is essential for the physiological function of phagocytic cells by endowing phagosomes with their lytic and bactericidal properties, culminates in fusion of phagosomes with lysosomes and biogenesis of phagolysosomes which is considered to be the last and critical stage of maturation for phagosomes. In this report, we describe a live cell imaging based method for qualitative and quantitative analysis of the dynamic process of lysosome to phagosome content delivery, which is a hallmark of phagolysosome biogenesis. This approach uses IgG-coated microbeads as a model for phagocytosis and fluorophore-conjugated dextran molecules as a luminal lysosomal cargo probe, in order to follow the dynamic delivery of lysosomal content to the phagosomes in real time in live macrophages using time-lapse imaging and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Here we describe in detail the background, the preparation steps and the step-by-step experimental setup to enable easy and precise deployment of this method in other labs. Our described method is simple, robust, and most importantly, can be easily adapted to study phagosomal interactions and maturation in different systems and under various experimental settings such as use of various phagocytic cells types, loss-of-function experiments, different probes, and phagocytic particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Bronietzki
- Research Group Phagosome Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research
| | - Bahram Kasmapour
- Research Group Phagosome Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research
| | - Maximiliano Gabriel Gutierrez
- Research Group Phagosome Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research; Division of Mycobacterial Research, National Institute for Medical Research;
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